backwardness

English

Etymology

backward +‎ -ness

Noun

backwardness (countable and uncountable, plural backwardnesses)

1. The state of being backward.
2. Reluctance.

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:backwardness.

Translations

state of being backward

• Arabic: تَخَلُّف m (taḵalluf)

  Gulf Arabic: تخلف m (taḵalluf)

• Bulgarian: назадничавост (bg) (nazadničavost), изостаналост (bg) (izostanalost)
• Finnish: takaperoisuus (fi), takapajuisuus (fi), vanhanaikaisuus (fi), jälkeenjääneisyys
• French: arriération (fr) f, retard (fr)
• Mongolian: хоцрогдсон байдал (xocrogdson bajdal)
• Polish: zacofanie (pl) n, średniowiecze (pl) n
• Romanian: înapoiere (ro) f
• Russian: отста́лость (ru) f (otstálostʹ)
• Swedish: underutveckling

reluctance

• Finnish: vastahakoisuus (fi)
• Polish: zacofanie (pl) n

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Central Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} دواکەوتویی (dwakewtuyî), ^{(please verify)} پاشکەوتویی (paşkewtuyî)
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} arretratezza (it) f