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{{Short description|Iranian Muslim scholar, historian, and commentator on the Qur'anexegete (839–923)}}
{{Lowercase title}}
{{Other people}}
{{Distinguish|text=the ninth-century Muslim scholar and traditonist [[al-Tabarani]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|honorific_prefix=[[Imam]]
| religion = [[Islam]]▼
| name = Muhammad ibn Jarir alAl-Tabari
| native_name = {{lang|ar|أبو جعفر محمد بن جرير بن يزيد الطبري}}
| title = Imam
|birth_date=839 [[Common Era|CE]] (224 [[Islamic calendar|AH]])
| image =
| birth_place = [[Amol]], [[Tabaristan]], [[Abbasid Caliphate]] {{small|(present-day [[Iran]])}}▼
| image_size = 225px
| death_date = 923 CE (310 AH); (aged 84)▼
| caption =
|death_place=[[Baghdad]], Abbasid Caliphate {{small|(present-day [[Iraq]])}}
| birth_name =
|resting_place={{interlanguage link|Al-Rahbi Park|ar|حديقة الرحبي}}, Baghdad, Iraq
| birth_date = 839 CE (224 AH)
▲| religion = [[Islam]]
▲| birth_place = [[Amol]], [[Tabaristan]], [[Abbasid Caliphate]] {{small|(present-day [[Iran]])}}
|era=[[Islamic Golden Age]]
▲| death_date = 923 CE (310 AH) (aged 84)
| death_place region= [[Baghdad]], Abbasid Caliphate {{small|(present-day [[Iraq]])}}
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]<ref>[[Jonathan A.C. Brown]] (2007), ''The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunnī Ḥadīth Canon'', p. 151. [[Brill Publishers]]. {{ISBN|9789004158399}}.</ref>▼
| death_cause =
| creed = [[AthariAtharism|Traditionalist]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E |last=Melchert |first=Christopher |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1997 |isbn=90-04-10952-8 | location= Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands | quote="..al-Tabarī and Ibn Khuzaymah were scholars of very great stature, their published creeds thoroughly traditionalist"|pages=154 |chapter=Chapter 7: Al-Khallal and the Classical Hanbali school}}</ref><ref>{{Citecite book |title= Women in the Qur'an, Traditions, and Interpretation |last=Freyer Stowasser |first=Barbara |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-19-511148-4 | location= New York | quote="The traditionalist Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 923) authored a traditionist Qur’anic exegesis, Jami'al-bayan 'an ta’wil ay al-Qur'an (or fi tafsir al-Quran), and a traditionist History of the world.."|pagespage=8 |chapter=Introduction}}</ref>▼
| resting_place =
|jurisprudence=[[Ijtihad|Independentist]] who founded the [[Jariri school]]
| other_names =
| main_interests = {{flatlist|▼
| era = [[Medieval era]]
*[[Islamic history|History]]
| region = [[Abbasid Caliphate]]
*[[tafsir|exegesis]]
| occupation =
*[[fiqh|jurisprudence]]
▲| denomination = [[Sunni]]<ref>[[Jonathan A.C. Brown]] (2007), ''The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunnī Ḥadīth Canon'', p. 151. [[Brill Publishers]]. {{ISBN|9789004158399}}.</ref>
*[[aqidah|belief]]
▲| creed = [[Athari]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E |last=Melchert |first=Christopher |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1997 |isbn=90-04-10952-8 | location= Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands | quote="..al-Tabarī and Ibn Khuzaymah were scholars of very great stature, their published creeds thoroughly traditionalist"|pages=154 |chapter=Chapter 7: Al-Khallal and the Classical Hanbali school}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title= Women in the Qur'an, Traditions, and Interpretation |last=Freyer Stowasser |first=Barbara |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-19-511148-4 | location= New York | quote="The traditionalist Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 923) authored a traditionist Qur’anic exegesis, Jami'al-bayan 'an ta’wil ay al-Qur'an (or fi tafsir al-Quran), and a traditionist History of the world.."|pages=8 |chapter=Introduction}}</ref>
*[[Arabic literature|writing]]
| jurisprudence = Founded the [[Jariri]] madhhab
}}
▲| main_interests =
|notable_works={{flatlist|
| notable_works = {{transliteration|ar|[[Tafsir al-Tabari|Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī]]}}, ''[[History of the Prophets and Kings]]'', {{transliteration|ar|[[Tahdhib al-Athar|Tahdhīb al-āthār]]}}, {{transliteration|ar|Ikhtilāf al-fuqaha'}} ("Disagreement of the Jurists")
*''[[Tafsir al-Tabari]]''
| alma_mater =
*''[[Tarikh al-Tabari]]''
| Sufi_order =
*''[[Tahdhib al-Athar]]''
| disciple_of =
*''Ikhtilaf al-Fuqaha'''
| awards =
}}
| influences = [[Dawud al-Zahiri]]▼
|occupation={{flatlist|
| influenced = [[al-Suyuti]], [[Ibn Kathir]]
*[[Ulama|Scholar]]
| module =
*[[polymath]]
| website =
*historian
*exegete
*jurist
*theologian
*writer
}}
▲| influences = [[Dawud al-Zahiri]]
|influenced={{plainlist|
*[[Al-Suyuti]]
*[[Ibn Kathir]]
}}
|module={{Infobox Arabic name|embed=yes
|ism=Muḥammad
|ism-ar={{lang|ar|مُحَمَّد}}
|nasab=Ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd
|nasab-ar={{lang|ar|ٱبْن جَرِير بْن يَزِيد}}
|kunya=Abū Jaʿfar
|kunya-ar={{lang|ar|أَبُو جَعْفَر}}
|nisba=Al-Ṭabarī
|nisba-ar={{lang|ar|ٱلطَّبَرِيّ}}
}}
}}
 
'''MuhammadAbū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn JarirJarīr ibn YazidYazīd al-Ṭabarī''' ({{lang-ar|محمدأَبُو بنجَعْفَر جريرمُحَمَّد بنبْن يزيد|translit=Muḥammadجَرِير ibnبْن Jarīrيَزِيد ibn Yazīdٱلطَّبَرِيّ}}),; commonly839–923 known[[Common byEra|CE]] his[224–310 {{Transliteration|ar|[[NisbaIslamic (onomastics)calendar|nisbaAH]]}}]), commonly known as '''al-TabariṬabarī''' ({{lang-ar|الطبري|translit=al-Ṭabarīٱلطَّبَرِيّ}}), was a seventh-century [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslim]] [[ulama|scholar]], [[polymath]], [[Islamic history|historian]], [[tafsir|exegete]], [[fiqh|jurist]], [[aqidah|theologian]], and scholar[[Arabic literature|writer]] from [[Amol]], [[Tabaristan]], now in present-day [[Iran]]. Among the most prominent figures of the [[Islamic Golden Age]], al-Tabari is widely known for his historical works and expertise in [[Qur'anic exegesisQuran|Quranic]] ({{transliteration|ar|tafsir}})exegesis, butalthough he has also been described as "an impressively prolific [[polymath]]".<ref name=Lindsay>Lindsay Jones (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of religion'', volume 13, Macmillan Reference USA, 2005, p. 8943</ref> He wroteauthored works on a diverse range of subjects, including [[Worldworld history (field)|world history]], [[Arabic poetry|poetry]], [[lexicography]], [[Arabic grammar|grammar]], [[Islamic ethics|ethics]], [[Islamic mathematics|mathematics]], and [[Islamic medicine|medicine]].<ref name=Lindsay/><ref>{{Citecite book|title=The Cambridge History Ofof Iran, vol 4|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1975|isbn=978-0-521-20093-6|location=London|pages=599}}</ref> Among his most famous and influential works are his Quranic commentary, ''[[Tafsir al-Tabari]]'', and historical chronicle, ''[[Tarikh al-Tabari]]''.
 
His most influential and best known works are his Quranic commentary, known in Arabic as {{transliteration|ar|[[Tafsir al-Tabari|Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī]]}}, and his historical chronicle called ''[[History of the Prophets and Kings]]'' ({{transliteration|ar|Tarīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk}}), often referred to as {{transliteration|ar|Tarīkh al-Ṭabarī}} ("al-Tabari's History").
 
Al-Tabari followed the [[Shafi'i]] school]] for nearly a decade before he developed his own interpretation of [[Islam|Islamic]] jurisprudence]]. His understanding of {{transliteration|ar|[[fiqh]]}}it was both sophisticated and remarkably fluid, and, as such, he continued to develop his ideas and thoughts on juristic matters right tountil the end of his life.<ref>{{cite book|author=Muhammad Mojlum Khan|author-link=Muhammad Mojlum Khan|title=The Muslim 100: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of the Most Influential Muslims in History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4z49BAAAQBAJ|date=2009|publisher=Kube Publishing Ltd|isbn=9781847740298|page=182}}</ref>
 
Al-Tabari's school (''[[madhhab|school]]'') of legal thoughtjurisprudence "flourished among [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] ulama for two centuries after his death", before it eventually became extinct.<ref name="jacb-m">{{cite book|last1 = A.C. Brown|first1 = Jonathan|author-link = Jonathan A.C. Brown|title = Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy|date = 2014|publisher = [[Oneworld Publications]]|isbn = 978-1780744209|page = [https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/193 193]|quote = Although it eventually became extinct, Tabari's madhhab flourished among Sunni ulama for two centuries after his death.|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/193}}</ref> It was usuallycommonly designated byas the name [[Jariri|Jariri jurisprudenceschool]].
 
==Biography==
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