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[[File:The Growth of Roman Power in Italy.jpg|thumb|Roman territory {{Circa|100 BC}}]]
Geographically, the '''Ager Romanus''' (Italian - ''Agro Romano'') is the name given to the immense rural area (part plains, part hilly) around the city of [[Rome]]. Politically and historically, it has represented the area of influence of Rome's municipal government. It is delimited to the south by [[Monti Prenestini]], by the [[Alban hills]] and the [[Pontine Marshes|pianura pontina]]; to the west by the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]]; to the north by the hills surrounding [[Lake Bracciano]] and to the [[east]] by the [[Monti Tiburtini]].▼
 
▲Geographically, theThe '''''Ager Romanus''''' (Italianliterally, -"the ''Agrofield Romano'of Rome"') is the name given to the immensegeographical rural area (part plains, part hilly) aroundthat surrounds the city of [[Rome]]. Politically and historically, it has represented the area of influence of Rome's municipal government. It is delimitedlimited to the south by the [[Monti Prenestini]] range, by the [[Alban hillsHills]] and the [[Pontine Marshes|pianura pontina]]; to the west by the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]]; to the north by the hills surrounding [[Lake Bracciano]] and to the [[east]] by the [[Monti Tiburtini]] range.<ref name="Alföldi1963">{{cite book |last=Alföldi |first=Andreas |title=Early Rome and the Latins |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhOxAAAAIAAJ |year=1963 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-0-472-10400-0 }}</ref>
 
==History==
 
===Ancient Rome===
The Rome of [[Romulus]] atand his immediate successors possessed a very restricted territory, as did the other neighbouring [[Latium|Latin]] cities such as [[Praeneste]]:. andSuch this territoryterritories waswere delimitedmarked by boundary stones, or [[cippus|cippi]], delimitingused to define and limit the legitimate area of influence of acities, cityand orthe aboundaries of private citizenlandholdings. According to tradition, Rome rapidly outgrew the ''ager'' established by its founder, and rather than accept its confinement, [[Tullus Hostilius]] razed the Latin city of [[Alba Longa]] ca. 635 BC, and incorporated its former territories within the ''ager Romanus''.
 
With the proclamation of the [[Roman Republic]] in 509 BC, all the territory occupied by Romans in "[[Old Latium|Latium vetus]]" came to be proclaimed [[ager publicus]], equivalent to state lands today, which were held by the state and could be granted to private citizens.<ref name="LigtNorthwood2008">{{cite book |last1=de Ligt |first1=Luuk |last2=Northwood |first2=S J |title=People, Land, and Politics: Demographic Developments and the Transformation of Roman Italy 300 BC-AD 14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4toKjuTLOQUC&pg=PA245 |year=2008 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-17118-3 |pages=245ff }}</ref> The Roman municipal authorities of this era were the [[consul]]s. In effect, Rome was a gigantic city-territory continuously expanding across Europe.<ref name="Fulminante2014">{{cite book |last=Fulminante |first=Francesca |title=The Urbanisation of Rome and Latium Vetus: From the Bronze Age to the Archaic Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XE5kAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA123 |date=10 February 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-03035-0 |pages=123ff }}</ref>
The legend holds that a question of confines (and of expanding beyond them) led to [[Tullus Hostilius]] declaring war on [[Alba Longa]], destroying this Latin city and incorporating its territory in that of Rome, around [[635 BC]].
 
[[Augustus|Octavian Augustus]] founded the office of ''[[praefectus urbisurbi]]'' and other offices which divided the administration of the city of Rome from that of the Roman Empire. Thus was solved the problem of delimiting the territory of the [[municipium]] of Rome from the territory of the rest of the empire -– besides the ''Regio I Latii et Campaniae'' administered by a specific governor, the confines of the municipal authority of Rome came to be fixed at the "centesimum lapidem" (i.e. one hundred miles) on each of the [[:Category:Roman roads in Italy|via consularis]] converging on Rome. So, ''de jureiure'', the Roman municipal authority controlled the whole of [[Lazio]] and part of Tuscany from [[Talamone]] to [[Terracina]] and also parts of [[Abruzzo]] and [[Umbria]].▼
With the proclamation of the [[Roman Republic]] in [[510 BC]], all the territory occupied by Romans in "Latium vetus" came to be proclaimed [[ager publicus]], equivalent to state lands today, which were held by the state and could be granted to private citizens. The Roman municipal authorities of this era were the [[consul]]s. In effect, Rome was a gigantic city-territory continuously expanding across Europe.
 
▲[[Augustus|Octavian Augustus]] founded the office of [[praefectus urbis]] and other offices which divided the administration of the city of Rome from that of the Roman Empire. Thus was solved the problem of delimiting the territory of the [[municipium]] of Rome from the territory of the rest of the empire - besides the Regio I Latii et Campaniae administered by a specific governor, the confines of the municipal authority of Rome came to be fixed at the "centesimum lapidem" (i.e. one hundred miles) on each of the [[:Category:Roman roads in Italy|via consularis]] converging on Rome. So, ''de jure'', the Roman municipal authority controlled the whole of [[Lazio]] and part of Tuscany from [[Talamone]] to [[Terracina]] and also parts of [[Abruzzo]] and [[Umbria]].
 
The same territorial division was confirmed by the re-subdivision of the provinces by [[Diocletian]].
 
===Medieval era===
After the fall of the empire, the ''[[praefectus urbisurbi]]'' continued to be elected and did not come to be totally deprived of their power even by the advancing [[Pope|papal]] power which effectively became the municipal government of Rome.
 
The Ager Romanus, as a political zone subject to the municipium of Rome, theoretically continued to extend ''ad centesimum lapidem'', but in practice many of its regions ended up in [[Lombards|Lombard]] hands, with still others managed by the religious authorities or the pope, who were beginning to manage their territories by means of ''[[Patrimony of Saint Peter|patrimonia]]'' and ''[[Domusculta|domuscultae]]''.
 
===Today===
The ''motu proprio'' of 6 July 1817 by [[Pope Pius VII]] established the boundaries of the municipium of Rome, assigning to the capital its present communal territory as well as the present [[Comune|commune]]s of [[Fiumicino]], [[Pomezia]] and [[Ardea, (RM)Lazio|Ardea]]. The confines of the Comunità di Roma were thus finally defined and no longer nebulous, and these limits ended at the constitution of the commune of Pomezia (also including present-day Ardea) following its lasting foundation during the "[[Pontine marshesMarshes|"bonifica fascista"]]" and -– in the nineties1990s -– of Fiumicino.
 
==SourceReferences==
{{reflist|20em}}
*''This page is a translation of its Italian equivalent.''
 
== External linksBibliography ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{it}}[http://www.agroromano.it Agro Romano antico]
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Eder |first=Walter |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/ager-romanus-e12218930 |title=Ager Romanus |encyclopedia=Brill's New Pauly |publisher=Brill |year=2006 |access-date=15 August 2023 }}
{{refend}}
 
[[Category:History of Lazio]]
[[Category:AncientTopography of the ancient city of Rome]]
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