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With the proclamation of the [[Roman Republic]] in 509 BC, all the territory occupied by Romans in "[[Old Latium|Latium vetus]]" came to be proclaimed [[ager publicus]], equivalent to state lands today, which were held by the state and could be granted to private citizens.<ref name="LigtNorthwood2008">{{cite book|author1=Luuk de Ligt|author2=S. J. Northwood|title=People, Land, and Politics: Demographic Developments and the Transformation of Roman Italy 300 BC-AD 14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4toKjuTLOQUC&pg=PA245|year=2008|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-17118-5|pages=245–}}</ref> The Roman municipal authorities of this era were the [[consul]]s. In effect, Rome was a gigantic city-territory continuously expanding across Europe.<ref name="Fulminante2014">{{cite book|author=Francesca Fulminante|title=The Urbanisation of Rome and Latium Vetus: From the Bronze Age to the Archaic Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XE5kAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA123|date=10 February 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03035-0|pages=123–}}</ref>
[[Augustus|Octavian Augustus]] founded the office of ''[[praefectus
The same territorial division was confirmed by the re-subdivision of the provinces by [[Diocletian]].
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