Anti-fascism: Difference between revisions

[[Dartmouth College]] historian Mark Bray, author of ''[[Antifa: The Anti-Fascist Handbook]]'', credits the ARA as the precursor of modern antifa groups in the United States. In the late 1980s and 1990s, ARA activists toured with popular punk rock and skinhead bands in order to prevent [[Klansmen]], neo-Nazis and other assorted white supremacists from recruiting.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stein|first=Perry|date=August 16, 2017|title=Anarchists and the antifa: The history of activists Trump condemns as the 'alt-left'|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-antifa-history-20170816-story.html|access-date=November 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Snyders|first=Matt|date=February 20, 2008|title=Skinheads at Forty|url=http://www.citypages.com/2008-02-20/feature/skinheads-at-forty/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803021740/http://www.citypages.com/2008-02-20/feature/skinheads-at-forty/|archive-date=August 3, 2012|access-date=July 29, 2012|newspaper=City Pages}}</ref> Their motto was "We go where they go" by which they meant that they would confront [[far-right]] activists in concerts and actively remove their materials from public places.<ref name="bray-wapo">{{cite news|last=Bray|first=Mark|date=August 16, 2017|title=Who are the antifa?|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2017/08/16/who-are-the-antifa/|access-date=November 10, 2017|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> In 2002, the ARA disrupted a speech in Pennsylvania by [[Matthew F. Hale]], the head of the white supremacist group [[World Church of the Creator]], resulting in a fight and twenty-five arrests. In 2007, [[Rose City Antifa]], likely the first group to utilize the name antifa, was formed in [[Portland, Oregon]].<ref name="bogelburroughs2">{{cite news|last=Bogel-Burroughs|first=Nicholas|date=July 2, 2019|title=What Is Antifa? Explaining the Movement to Confront the Far Right|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/us/what-is-antifa.html|access-date=July 13, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Sacco 20202">{{cite web|last=Sacco|first=Lisa N.|date=June 9, 2020|title=Are Antifa Members Domestic Terrorists? Background on Antifa and Federal Classification of Their Actions InFocus IF10839|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10839|access-date=September 9, 2020|publisher=Congressional Research Service}} Updated June 9, 2020.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bogel-Burroughs|first1=Nicholas|last2=Garcia|first2=Sandra E.|date=September 28, 2020|title=What Is Antifa, the Movement Trump Wants to Declare a Terror Group?|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-antifa-trump.html|access-date=October 1, 2020|quote=One of the first groups in the United States to use the name was Rose City Antifa, which says it was founded in 2007 in Portland.}}</ref> Other antifa groups in the United States have other genealogies. In 1987 in [[Boise, Idaho]], The Northwest Coalition Against Malicious Harassment (NWCAMH) was created in response to the Aryan Nation's annual meeting near Hayden Lake, Idaho. The NWCAMH brought together over 200 affiliated public and private organizations across six states--Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington and Wyoming.<ref>{{cite web |title=One America - Northwest Coalition Against Malicious Harassment |url=https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/Initiatives/OneAmerica/Practices/pp_19980803.17134.html |website=The White House |access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref> In [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], a group called the Baldies was formed in 1987 with the intent to fight neo-Nazi groups directly. In 2013, the "most radical" chapters of the ARA formed the [[Torch Antifa Network]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Enzinna|first=Wes|date=April 27, 2017|title=Inside the Underground Anti-Racist Movement That Brings the Fight to White Supremacists|newspaper=Mother Jones|url=http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/04/anti-racist-antifa-tinley-park-five/|access-date=September 9, 2020}}</ref> which has chapters throughout the United States.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strickland|first=Patrick|date=February 21, 2017|title=US anti-fascists: 'We can make racists afraid again'|agency=Al-Jazeera|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/02/anti-fascists-racists-afraid-170221100950730.html|access-date=September 9, 2020}}</ref> Other antifa groups are a part of different associations such as NYC Antifa or operate independently.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lennard|first=Natasha|date=January 19, 2017|title=Anti-Fascists Will Fight Trump's Fascism in the Streets|newspaper=The Nation|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/anti-fascist-activists-are-fighting-the-alt-right-in-the-streets/|access-date=September 9, 2020|archive-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815183536/https://www.thenation.com/article/anti-fascist-activists-are-fighting-the-alt-right-in-the-streets/|url-status=dead}}</ref>