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{{short description|American author and professor of mechanical engineering and fluid mechanics}}
{{Infobox scientist
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|image = [[File:AshcherHShapiro1971.jpg|240px]]
|image_size =
|caption = Ascher H. Shapiro, 1971
|birth_date = May 20, 1916
|birth_place = [[Brooklyn]], New York
|death_date = {{d-da|November 26, 2004|May 20, 1916}}
|death_place = [[Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts|Jamaica Plain]], [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]
|citizenship = U.S.A.
|nationality =
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|alma_mater = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] {{small|(Sc.B., 1938) (Sc.D., 1946)}}
|doctoral_advisor = [[Joseph Henry Keenan|Joseph H. Keenan]]
|doctoral_students = [[Thomas A. McMahon]]
|known_for = [[Compressible flow]] and [[biomechanics]]
|prizes = [[Drucker Medal]] {{small|(1999)}}
|religion =
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'''Ascher Herman Shapiro''' (May 20, 1916 – November 26, 2004) was a professor of Mechanical Engineering at [[MIT]]. He grew up in New York City.
==Early life and education==
Shapiro was born and raised in [[Brooklyn]], New York, to [[Jews|Jewish]] Lithuanian immigrant parents.<ref name = "bio">{{cite web |title=Ascher H. Shapiro |url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/shapiro-ascher.pdf |website=nasonline.org |accessdate=January 28, 2020}}</ref> He earned his S.B. in 1938 and an Sc.D. in 1946 in the field of [[mechanical engineering]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Sasha |title=MIT Professor Ascher Shapiro, pioneer in biomedical engineering field, dies at 88 |url=http://news.mit.edu/2004/obit-shapiro |website=news.mit.edu |accessdate=January 28, 2020 |date=December 3, 2004}}</ref>
==Career==
After starting at MIT as a laboratory assistant in mechanical engineering, Shapiro was eventually appointed assistant professor at MIT in 1943 where he taught [[fluid mechanics]].<ref name = "bio"/> A prolific author of texts in his field, his two-volume treatise, ''The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow'', published in 1953 and 1954, is considered a classic.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=W. A. Mair |title=The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow. Volume I. Ascher H. Shapiro |journal=The Aeronautical Journal |date=July 28, 2016 |volume=58 |issue=521 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/aeronautical-journal/article/dynamics-and-thermodynamics-of-compressible-fluid-flow-volume-i-shapiro-ascher-h-647-pp-index-figures-16-set-30/0FC339F5BEFAE4A96A673B81CA042CD7 |accessdate=January 28, 2020}}</ref> His 1961 book ''Shape and Flow: The Fluid Dynamics of Drag'' explained boundary layer phenomena and drag in simple, non-mathematical terms.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Melba Phillips |title=Shape and Flow. The fluid dynamics of drag. A volume in the Science Study Series. |journal=Science |date=March 23, 1962 |volume=135 |issue=3508 |pages=1055–1056 |doi=10.1126/science.135.3508.1055 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.135.3508.1055 |accessdate=January 28, 2020}}</ref> He also founded the National Council for Fluid Mechanics Films (NCFMF), in cooperation with the Educational Development Center.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Committee for Fluid Mechanics Films |url=http://web.mit.edu/hml/ncfmf.html |website=mit.edu |accessdate=January 28, 2020}}</ref> From there, Shapiro was appointed Chair of the Institute's Faculty in 1964-1965 and head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering from 1965 to 1974.<ref name = "bio"/>
In 1962 he demonstrated the [[Coriolis force|Coriolis effect]] in a bathtub-sized water tank placed in MIT (latitude 42° N). The experiment required extreme precision, since the acceleration due to Coriolis effect is only <math>3\times 10^{-7}</math> that of gravity. The tank was filled, kept static for 24 hours, then drained. The vortex was measured by a cross made of two silvers of wood pinned above the draining hole. It takes 20 minutes to drain, and the cross starts turning only around 15 minutes. At the end it is turning at 1 rotation every 3 to 4 seconds.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shapiro |first=Ascher H. |date=December 1962 |title=Bath-Tub Vortex |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/1961080b0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=196 |issue=4859 |pages=1080–1081 |doi=10.1038/1961080b0 |bibcode=1962Natur.196.1080S |s2cid=26568380 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Verifying a Vortex |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2012/10/24/183079/verifying-a-vortex/ |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref>
▲He was elected to [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1952, the [[National Academy of Science]] in 1967, and [[National Academy of Engineering]] in 1974. He was awarded the Benjamin Garver Lamme Award by the [[American Society of Engineering Education]] in 1977. He was awarded the Fluids Engineering Award in 1977 and the [[Drucker Medal]] in 1999 by the [[American Society of Mechanical Engineers]]. He was awarded honorary Doctor of Science in 1978 by the [[University of Salford]] and in 1985 by the [[Technion — Israel Institute of Technology|Technion]].<ref>''American Men and Women of Science'', 22nd ed., v. 6, p. 719, Thomson Gale, 2005, p. 719, {{ISBN|0-7876-7392-7}}.</ref>
==Books==
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