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{{short description|Subgroup of Oromo ethnic groups in southern Ethiopia}}
{{Infobox
|group = Arsi
|image = ArsiOromo.png
|image_caption = An Arsi Oromo attending an [[Irreechaa]] celebration
|popplace = [[Arsi Zone]] & [[West Arsi Zone]], [[Oromia]], [[Ethiopia]]
|languages = [[Oromo language|Oromo]]
|rels=
}}
'''Arsi Oromo''' is an ethnic [[Oromo people|Oromo]] branch, inhabiting
of [[Barentu Oromo people|Barento]] Oromo. The Arsi in all zones speaks [[Oromo language|Oromo]] share the same culture, traditions and identity with other subgroup Oromo.
[[File:Map of zones of Ethiopia.svg|thumb|Map showing the Oromia region and Arsi zone. The Arsi make up the Arsi, West Arsi, Bale and East Bale zones of Oromia]]
==Culture==
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Arsi Oromo state an intermarriage took place between their ancestors and previous inhabitants of the [[Arsi Province]], Adere ([[Harari people|Harari]]) whom they call the [[Hadiya people|Hadiya]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Braukaemper |first1=Ulrich |title=A history of the Hadiya in Southern Ethiopia |publisher=Universite Hamburg |page=9 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/358972580/Braukaemper-a-History-of-the-Hadiyya-in-So-9783447192644}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Braukamper |first1=Ulrich |title=Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essay |year=2002 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |page=47 |isbn=9783825856717 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGnyk8Pg9NgC&q=the+genealogical+traditions+in+arsi+repor+a+marriage+between+the+oromo&pg=PA47}}</ref> Hadiya clans claim their forefathers were Harari however they later became influenced by [[Sidama]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Ethno-History of Halaba People |publisher=Southern Nations state |page=164 |url=http://www.southtourismeth.org/pdf/Books-and-Study-lists/The-ethno-history-of-halaba-people.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705150911/http://www.southtourismeth.org/pdf/Books-and-Study-lists/The-ethno-history-of-halaba-people.pdf |archive-date=2018-07-05 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Fargher |first1=Brian |title=The Origins of the New Churches Movement in Southern Ethiopia: 1927 - 1944 |year=1996 |publisher=BRILL |page=34 |isbn=9004106618 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWLOtldQzOEC&q=hadiya+sidama&pg=PA34}}</ref>
In the beginning of the early seventeenth century, the lands of Arsi Oromo were under the [[Emirate of Harar]] however the Emirate gradually lost control in the following centuries.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ben-Dror |first1=Avishai |title=Emirate, Egyptian, Ethiopian: Colonial Experiences in Late Nineteenth-Century Harar |date=2018 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |page=100 |isbn=9780815654315 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3N0DwAAQBAJ&q=arusi+emirate+of+harar&pg=PA100}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Wehib |title=History of Harar and Hararis |date=2015 |publisher=Harar Tourism Buearu |page=83 |url=https://www.everythingharar.com/files/History_of_Harar_and_Harari-HNL.pdf}}</ref> In the eighteenth century, Emir [[Muhammad ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur|Abd-Shakur]] made attempts to Islamisize the Arsi Oromo.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Akyeampong |first1=Emmanuel |title=Dictionary of African Biography |
Arsi Oromo were largely independent and ruling under their own [[Gadaa|Gadaa Republic]] until about the 19th century. The Arsi Oromo demonstrated fierce resistance in coordination with the [[Hadiya (historical region)|Hadiya]] rebel leader [[Hassan Enjamo]] against the [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]]n conquest of 1881-6, when [[Menelik II]] conducted several unsuccessful invasion campaigns against their territory.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hasan Engamo |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/hasa-n-e-ngamo}}</ref><ref name="abbas">{{cite journal | author=Abbas Haji | url=http://www.oromostudies.org/josfiles/JOS%20Volume%202%20Numbers%201&2%20%281995%29.pdf | title=Arsi Oromo Political and Military Resistance Against the Shoan Colonial Conquest (1881-6) | journal=Journal of Oromo Studies | volume=II | issue=1 and 2 | publisher=Oromo Studies Association | accessdate=June 14, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325173102/http://www.oromostudies.org/josfiles/JOS%20Volume%202%20Numbers%201%262%20%281995%29.pdf | archive-date=March 25, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> In response when the Abyssinians occupied Arsi,
In the 1940s the Arsi Oromo with the people of [[Bale province]] joined the [[Harari people|Harari]] Kulub movement an affiliate of the [[Somali Youth League]] that peacefully opposed Amhara Christian domination of [[Hararghe]]. The Ethiopian government brutally suppressed the ethno-religious movement using violence.<ref>{{cite book |title=Religious Freedom and Religious Pluralism in Africa: Prospects and Limitations |date=22 May 2016 |publisher=AFRICAN SUN MeDIA |page=443 |isbn=9781928357032 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jO-HDgAAQBAJ&q=bale+arsi+kulub&pg=PA443}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Role of Civil Society in Africa's Quest for Democratization |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=Springer |page=134 |isbn=9783319183831 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GaCwDQAAQBAJ&q=bale+arsi+kulub&pg=PA134}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Localising Salafism: Religious Change Among Oromo Muslims in Bale, Ethiopia |date=30 September 2011 |publisher=BRILL |page=192 |isbn=978-9004184787 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOn3ykfBN-0C&q=bale+arsi+kulub&pg=PA192}}</ref>
During the 1970s the Arsi faced persecution by the Ethiopian government thus formed alliances with [[Somalia]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Mohammed |title=Ethnicity, Politics, and Society in Northeast Africa: Conflict and Social Change |date=1996 |publisher=University Press of America |page=141 |isbn=9780761802839 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YP6vaIuPz60C&q=arsi+oromo+agreed+to+the+proposal+of+the+somali&pg=PA141}}</ref>
{{Further|topic=the 1883|Battle of Dodota}}
▲Arsi Oromo were largely independent until about 19th century. The Arsi Oromo demonstrated fierce resistance against the [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]]n conquest of 1881-6, when [[Menelik II]] conducted several unsuccessful invasion campaigns against their territory.<ref name="abbas">{{cite journal | author=Abbas Haji | url=http://www.oromostudies.org/josfiles/JOS%20Volume%202%20Numbers%201&2%20%281995%29.pdf | title=Arsi Oromo Political and Military Resistance Against the Shoan Colonial Conquest (1881-6) | journal=Journal of Oromo Studies | volume=II | issue=1 and 2 | publisher=Oromo Studies Association | accessdate=June 14, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325173102/http://www.oromostudies.org/josfiles/JOS%20Volume%202%20Numbers%201%262%20%281995%29.pdf | archive-date=March 25, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> In response when the Abyssinians occupied Arsi, Shoans terrorized civilians by committing various atrocities including massacres and amputations.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hassen |first1=Mohammed |title=Conquest, Tyranny, and Ethnocide against the Oromo: A Historical Assessment of Human Rights Conditions in Ethiopia, ca. 1880s-2002 |journal=Northeast African Studies |year=2002 |volume=9 |issue=3 |publisher=Michigan State University Press |page=17 |jstor=41931279 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41931279}}</ref> Although Arsi put up stiff opposition against an enemy equipped with modern European firearms, they were finally defeated in 1886.<ref name=abbas /> In the 1940s the Arsi Oromo with the people of [[Bale province]] joined the [[Harari people|Harari]] Kulub movement an affiliate of the [[Somali Youth League]] that peacefully opposed Amhara Christian domination of [[Hararghe]]. The Ethiopian government brutally suppressed the ethno-religious movement using violence.<ref>{{cite book |title=Religious Freedom and Religious Pluralism in Africa: Prospects and Limitations |date=22 May 2016 |publisher=AFRICAN SUN MeDIA |page=443 |isbn=9781928357032 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jO-HDgAAQBAJ&q=bale+arsi+kulub&pg=PA443}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Role of Civil Society in Africa's Quest for Democratization |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=Springer |page=134 |isbn=9783319183831 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GaCwDQAAQBAJ&q=bale+arsi+kulub&pg=PA134}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Localising Salafism: Religious Change Among Oromo Muslims in Bale, Ethiopia |date=30 September 2011 |publisher=BRILL |page=192 |isbn=978-9004184787 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOn3ykfBN-0C&q=bale+arsi+kulub&pg=PA192}}</ref> During the 1970s the Arsi faced persecution by the Ethiopian government thus formed alliances with [[Somalia]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Mohammed |title=Ethnicity, Politics, and Society in Northeast Africa: Conflict and Social Change |date=1996 |publisher=University Press of America |page=141 |isbn=9780761802839 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YP6vaIuPz60C&q=arsi+oromo+agreed+to+the+proposal+of+the+somali&pg=PA141}}</ref>
==Notable people==
*[[Sheikh Hussein]], Islamic Scholar
*[[Waqo Gutu]], Leader and revolutionary
*[[Hussein Bune]], revolutionary and Leader
*[[Hussein Sura]], Politician and Leader
*[[Jawar Mohammed]], Journalist and Activist
*[[Kenenisa Bekele]], Athlete
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*[[Derartu Tulu]], Athlete
*[[Genzebe Dibaba]], Athlete
*[[Nedi Gemeda]], Leader and Revolutionary
*[[Birhanu Jula]], Ethiopian Defence Force Minister
*[[Feyisa Furi]], Famous Oromo Artist
*[[Umer Suleyman ]],Artist and Revolutionary
*[[Lenjiso Diga]], Leader and Revolutionary during Emperor Minilik
*[[Sifan Hassan]], Athlete
*[[Mohammed Aman]], Athlete
*[[Haji Ibrahim Tufa]] Religious Leader
*[[Juneydi Sado ]], Former Oromia President
*[[Fatuma Roba]], Athlete
*[[Gelete Burka]], Athlete
*[[Lencho Bati]], Diplomat
*[[Haji Adem Sado]], Revolutionary
*[[Amane Bedaso]],
== References ==
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