Arsi people: Difference between revisions

{{Infobox Ethnicethnic group

|image = ArsiOromo.png

|rels= Predominantly [[Sunni_Islam|Sunni Islam]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.peoplegroups.org/Explore/groupdetails.aspx?peid=11549 |title=Arsi of Ethiopia |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=www.peoplegroups.org |publisher=International Mission Board |access-date=2022-11-18}}</ref>

'''Arsi Oromo''' is an ethnic [[Oromo people|Oromo]] branch, inhabiting the [[Arsi Zone|Arsi]], [[Mirab Arsi Zone|West Arsi]] and [[Bale Zone|Bale]] Zones of the [[Oromia Region]] of [[Ethiopia]], as well as in the [[Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha]] woreda of [[East Shewa Zone]]. TheyThe Arsi are made up of the [[List of Oromo subgroups and clans|Sikkoo-Mandoo]] branch

In the beginning of the early seventeenth century, the lands of Arsi Oromo were under the [[Emirate of Harar]] however the Emirate gradually lost control in the following centuries.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ben-Dror |first1=Avishai |title=Emirate, Egyptian, Ethiopian: Colonial Experiences in Late Nineteenth-Century Harar |date=2018 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |page=100 |isbn=9780815654315 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3N0DwAAQBAJ&q=arusi+emirate+of+harar&pg=PA100}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Wehib |title=History of Harar and Hararis |date=2015 |publisher=Harar Tourism Buearu |page=83 |url=https://www.everythingharar.com/files/History_of_Harar_and_Harari-HNL.pdf}}</ref> In the eighteenth century, Emir [[Muhammad ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur|Abd-Shakur]] made attempts to Islamisize the Arsi Oromo.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Akyeampong |first1=Emmanuel |title=Dictionary of African Biography |journalpublisher=OupOUP USA |date=2 February 2012 |volume=1-6 |page=90 |isbn=9780195382075 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&q=sultan+abd+al-shakur+of+harar+arsi&pg=RA2-PA90}}</ref>

Arsi Oromo were largely independent and ruling under their own [[Gadaa|Gadaa Republic]] until about the 19th century. The Arsi Oromo demonstrated fierce resistance in coordination with the [[Hadiya (historical region)|Hadiya]] rebel leader [[Hassan Enjamo]] against the [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]]n conquest of 1881-6, when [[Menelik II]] conducted several unsuccessful invasion campaigns against their territory.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hasan Engamo |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/hasa-n-e-ngamo}}</ref><ref name="abbas">{{cite journal | author=Abbas Haji | url=http://www.oromostudies.org/josfiles/JOS%20Volume%202%20Numbers%201&2%20%281995%29.pdf | title=Arsi Oromo Political and Military Resistance Against the Shoan Colonial Conquest (1881-6) | journal=Journal of Oromo Studies | volume=II | issue=1 and 2 | publisher=Oromo Studies Association | accessdate=June 14, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325173102/http://www.oromostudies.org/josfiles/JOS%20Volume%202%20Numbers%201%262%20%281995%29.pdf | archive-date=March 25, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> In response when the Abyssinians occupied Arsi, ShoansShewans terrorized civilians by committing various atrocities including massacres and amputations.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hassen |first1=Mohammed |title=Conquest, Tyranny, and Ethnocide against the Oromo: A Historical Assessment of Human Rights Conditions in Ethiopia, ca. 1880s-2002 |journal=Northeast African Studies |year=2002 |volume=9 |issue=3 |publisher=Michigan State University Press |page=17 |jstor=41931279 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41931279}}</ref> Although Arsi put up stiff opposition against an enemy equipped with modern European firearms, they were finally defeated in 1886.<ref name=abbas />

In the 1940s the Arsi Oromo with the people of [[Bale province]] joined the [[Harari people|Harari]] Kulub movement an affiliate of the [[Somali Youth League]] that peacefully opposed Amhara Christian domination of [[Hararghe]]. The Ethiopian government brutally suppressed the ethno-religious movement using violence.<ref>{{cite book |title=Religious Freedom and Religious Pluralism in Africa: Prospects and Limitations |date=22 May 2016 |publisher=AFRICAN SUN MeDIA |page=443 |isbn=9781928357032 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jO-HDgAAQBAJ&q=bale+arsi+kulub&pg=PA443}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Role of Civil Society in Africa's Quest for Democratization |date=8 December 2016 |publisher=Springer |page=134 |isbn=9783319183831 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GaCwDQAAQBAJ&q=bale+arsi+kulub&pg=PA134}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Localising Salafism: Religious Change Among Oromo Muslims in Bale, Ethiopia |date=30 September 2011 |publisher=BRILL |page=192 |isbn=978-9004184787 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOn3ykfBN-0C&q=bale+arsi+kulub&pg=PA192}}</ref>

During the 1970s the Arsi faced persecution by the Ethiopian government thus formed alliances with [[Somalia]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Mohammed |title=Ethnicity, Politics, and Society in Northeast Africa: Conflict and Social Change |date=1996 |publisher=University Press of America |page=141 |isbn=9780761802839 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YP6vaIuPz60C&q=arsi+oromo+agreed+to+the+proposal+of+the+somali&pg=PA141}}</ref>