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{{short description|Art museum
{{about|the art museum|its art school|School of the Art Institute of Chicago}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Use American English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox museum
| logo =
| | name = Art Institute of Chicago
| image = Art Institute of Chicago (51575570710).jpg
|
| caption = The Art Institute of Chicago seen from [[Michigan Avenue (Chicago)|Michigan Avenue]]
| image_upright = 1
| mapframe-frame-width = 250
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| coordinates = {{Coord|41|52|46|N|87|37|26|W|display=it}}
| established = 1879; in present location since 1893
| location = 111 South [[Michigan Avenue (Chicago)|Michigan Avenue]]<br />[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] 60603,<br />
| visitors = 1.04 million (2022)<ref>"The Art Newspaper", March 2023</ref>
| collection size = 300,000 works
| director = James Rondeau
| publictransit = '''[[List of Chicago Transit Authority bus routes|CTA Bus routes]]''':<br />([[Chicago Transit Authority|6 and 28 line]])<br /><br />'''[[Chicago 'L'|'L' and Subway]]''' stations:<br/><br />'''[[Adams/Wabash (CTA station)|Adams-Wabash]]''':<br />{{legend-line|
| website = {{url|https://www.artic.edu|artic.edu}}
}}
The '''Art Institute of Chicago'''
As a research institution, the Art Institute also has a conservation and conservation science department, five conservation laboratories, and
The
The Art Institute is associated with the [[School of the Art Institute of Chicago]], a leading art school, making it one of the few remaining unified arts institutions in the United States.
==History==
===19th century===
[[File:Art Institute 1893.gif|thumb|
In 1866, a group of 35 artists founded the '''Chicago Academy of Design''' in a studio on Dearborn Street, with the intent to run a free school with its own art gallery. The organization was modeled after European art academies, such as the [[Royal Academy]], with Academicians and Associate Academicians. The academy's charter was granted in March 1867.
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When the [[Great Chicago Fire]] destroyed the building in 1871 the academy was thrown into debt. Attempts to continue despite the loss by using rented facilities failed. By 1878, the academy was $10,000 in debt. Members tried to rescue the ailing institution by making deals with local businessmen, before some finally abandoned it in 1879 to found a new organization, named the '''Chicago Academy of Fine Arts'''. When the Chicago Academy of Design went bankrupt the same year, the new Chicago Academy of Fine Arts bought its assets at auction.
▲[[File:Art Institute 1893.gif|thumb|left|This 1893 sketch of the then new Art Institute of Chicago shows most of today's [[Grant Park (Chicago)|Grant Park]] still submerged under Lake Michigan, with the railroad tracks running along the shoreline behind the Museum]]
In 1882, the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts changed its name to the current '''Art Institute of Chicago''' and elected as its first president the banker and philanthropist [[Charles L. Hutchinson]], who "is arguably the single most important individual to have shaped the direction and fortunes of the Art Institute of Chicago".<ref name="Hilliard"/>{{rp|5}} Hutchinson was a director of many prominent Chicago organizations, including the [[University of Chicago]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Few Changes Made - University of Chicago Trustees Hold an Election - Two Vacancies Filled - Other Members Whose Terms Expired Re-Elected - Examinations for Positions as Teachers in the Public Schools of the City| journal=The Daily Inter-Ocean| date=June 28, 1893| page=1}}</ref> and would transform the Art Institute into a world-class museum during his presidency, which he held until his death in 1924.<ref>{{cite book| title=Art Institute of Chicago| work=Encyclopedia of Chicago| url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/79.html| author=Dillon, Diane| publisher=The Newberry Library| date=September 18, 2004| access-date=2015-07-24}}</ref> Also in 1882, the organization purchased a lot on the southwest corner of [[Michigan Avenue (Chicago)|Michigan Avenue]] and Van Buren Street for $45,000. The existing commercial building on that property was used for the organization's headquarters, and a new addition was constructed behind it to provide gallery space and to house the school's facilities.<ref name="Hilliard">{{cite book| title="The Prime Mover" - Charles L. Hutchinson and the making of the Art Institute of Chicago| publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago | last=Hilliard| first=Celia| year=2010| location=Chicago| isbn=978-086559-238-4}}</ref>{{rp|19}} By January 1885 the trustees recognized the need to provide additional space for the organization's growing collection, and to this end purchased the vacant lot directly south on Michigan Avenue. The commercial building was demolished,<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Art Institute – The Western Art Movement and its Splendid Achievements in Chicago – The New Home of the Fine Arts – The Ward Collection – The Century, Harper's - The Formal Opening of the New Museum – The Loan Collection – A Noble Triumph| journal=The (Chicago) Inter Ocean| volume=XVI| issue=239| date=November 20, 1887 |page=9}}</ref> and the noted architect [[John Wellborn Root]] was hired by Hutchinson to design a building that would create an "impressive presence" on Michigan Avenue,<ref name="Hilliard"/>{{rp|22–23}} and these facilities opened to great fanfare in 1887.<ref name="Hilliard"/>{{rp|24}}
With the announcement of the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] to be held in 1892–93, the Art Institute pressed for a building on the lakefront to be constructed for the fair, but to be used by the institute afterwards. The city agreed, and the building was completed in time for the second year of the fair. Construction costs were met by selling the Michigan/Van Buren property. On October 31, 1893, the institute moved into the new building. For the opening reception on December 8, 1893, [[Theodore Thomas (conductor)|Theodore Thomas]] and the [[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]] performed.
===20th century===
From the early 1900s to the 1960s the school offered with the Logan Family (members of the board) the [[Logan Medal of the Arts]], an award which became one of the most distinguished awards presented to artists in the
As director of the museum starting in the early 1980s, [[James N. Wood]] conducted a major expansion of its collection and oversaw a major renovation and expansion project for its facilities. As "one of the most respected museum leaders in the country", as described by ''[[The New York Times]]'', Wood created major exhibitions of works by [[Paul Gauguin]], [[Claude Monet]], and [[Vincent van Gogh]] that set records for attendance at the museum. He retired from the museum in 2004.<ref>Kennedy, Randy (June 14, 2010). [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/15/arts/design/15wood.html "James N. Wood, President of the Getty Trust, Dies at 69"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 2010-06-21.</ref>
===21st century===
The institute began construction of "The Modern Wing", an addition situated on the southwest corner of Columbus and Monroe in the early 21st century.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0505310147may31-story.html| title=Art Institute to Add New Wing| last=Kamin| first=Blair| newspaper=Chicago Tribune| date=May 31, 2005| access-date=2021-01-29| language=en-US| url-access=subscription}}</ref> The project, designed by [[Pritzker Prize]]–winning architect [[Renzo Piano]], was completed and officially opened to the public on May 16, 2009. The {{convert|264000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} building addition made the Art Institute the second-largest art museum in the United States. The building houses the museum's world-renowned collections of 20th and 21st century art, specifically modern European painting and sculpture, contemporary art, architecture and design, and photography. In its inaugural survey in 2014, travel review website and forum, [[Tripadvisor]], reviewed millions of travelers' surveys and named the Art Institute the world's best museum.<ref>{{cite magazine| title=These Are the 25 Best Museums in the World |url=http://time.com/3393565/best-museums-trip-advisor| last=Grossman| first=Samantha| magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]| date=September 18, 2014| access-date=2014-09-19}}</ref>
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The collection of the Art Institute of Chicago encompasses more than 5,000 years of human expression from cultures around the world and contains more than 300,000 works of art in 11 curatorial departments, ranging from early Japanese prints to the art of the [[Byzantine Empire]] to contemporary American art. It is principally known for one of the United States' finest collection of paintings produced in Western culture.<ref name=Oxford>{{cite book| title=The Oxford Dictionary of Art: The Art Institute of Chicago| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]| editor-last=Chilvers| editor-first=Ian| year=2004| pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00chil/page/813 813–814]| isbn=978-0-1928-0022-0| quote=Celebrated masterpieces: ''Nighthawks''; ''American Gothic''; ''A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.''| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00chil/page/813}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.foxnews.com/travel/2013/05/03/world-most-beautiful-museums/| title=World's most beautiful museums| work=Fox News| date=May 3, 2013| access-date=2013-05-04| quote=Must-see masterpieces: Georges Seurat's ''A Sunday on the Island of La Grande Jatte'', ''Nighthawks'', and Vincent Van Gogh's ''Bedroom in Arles''.}}</ref>
===
The Art Institute's African Art and Indian Art of the Americas collections are on display across two galleries in the south end of the Michigan Avenue building. The African collection includes more than 400 works that span the continent, highlighting ceramics, garments, masks, and jewelry.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/afr| title=Arts of Africa| website=Art Institute of Chicago| access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref>
The Amerindian collection includes Native North American art and [[Mesoamerica|Mesoamerican]] and [[Andean civilizations| Andean]] works. From pottery to textiles, the collection brings together a wide array of objects that seek to illustrate the thematic and aesthetic focuses of art spanning the Americas.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/amerindian| title=Arts of the Americas| website=Art Institute of Chicago| access-date=2016-08-03}}</ref>
===
[[File:
[[File:
The Art Institute's American Art collection contains some of the best-known works in the American canon, including [[Edward Hopper]]'s ''[[Nighthawks (painting)|Nighthawks]]'', [[Grant Wood]]'s ''[[American Gothic]]'', and [[Mary Cassatt]]'s ''[[The Child's Bath]]''. The collection ranges from colonial silver to modern and contemporary paintings.
The museum purchased ''Nighthawks'' in 1942 for $3,000;<ref name="artic.edu">{{cite web| url=http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/exhibitions/hopper/nighthawks| title=Nighthawks| website=Art Institute of Chicago}}</ref><ref>The sale was recorded by Josephine Hopper as follows, in volume II, p. 95 of her and Edward's journal of his art: "May 13, '42: Chicago Art Institute - 3,000 + return of Compartment C in exchange as part payment. 1,000 - 1/3 = 2,000." See Deborah Lyons, ''Edward Hopper: A Journal of His Work'' New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1997, p. 63.</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/museums/art-institute-of-chicago.htm#highlights| title=Art Institute of Chicago| website=visual-arts-cork.com}}</ref> its acquisition "launched" the painting into "immense popular recognition".<ref name="Levin">{{cite journal| year=1996| title=Edward Hopper's ''Nighthawks'', Surrealism, and the War| journal=Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies| volume=22| issue=2| pages=180–195 at 189, 193–194| doi=10.2307/4104321| last=Levin| first=Gail| jstor=4104321}}</ref> Considered an "icon of American culture",<ref name="artic.edu" /><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2007/hopper/acloserlooka.shtm| title=Edward Hopper| year=2006| publisher=National Gallery of Art| work=A Closer Look| access-date=2013-04-30| archive-date=2013-03-12| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312194016/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2007/hopper/acloserlooka.shtm| url-status=dead}}</ref> ''
=== Ancient and Byzantine ===
The Art Institute's ancient collection spans nearly 4,000 years of art and history, showcasing Greek, Etruscan, Roman, and Egyptian sculpture, mosaics, pottery, jewelry, glass, and bronze
=== Architecture and Design ===
The Department of Architecture and Design holds more than 140,000 works, from models to drawings from the 1870s to the present day. The collection covers [[landscape architecture]], [[structural engineering]], and [[industrial design]], including the works of [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]], and [[Le Corbusier]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/arch| title=Architecture and Design| website=Art Institute of Chicago| access-date=2016-08-03}}</ref>
===
The Art Institute's Asian collection spans nearly 5,000 years, including significant works and objects from China, Korea, Japan, India, Southeast Asia, and the Near and Middle East. There are 35,000 objects in the collection, showcasing bronzes, ceramics,
=== European Decorative Arts ===
[[File:Casket, early 18th century, attributed to Andre-Charles Boulle, oak carcass veneered with tortoiseshell, gilt copper, pewter, ebony - Art Institute of Chicago - DSC09745.JPG|thumb|
The Art Institute's collection of European decorative arts includes some 25,000 objects of furniture, ceramics, metalwork, glass, enamel, and ivory from 1100
===
[[File:A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, Georges Seurat, 1884.png|alt=Georges Seurat, A Sunday on La Grande Jatte — 1884, 1884/86
The museum is most famous for its collections of [[Impressionism|Impressionist]] and [[Post-impressionism|Post-Impressionist]] paintings, widely regarded as one of the finest collections outside of France.<ref>Galloway, Paul, and Alan G. Artner (September 29, 1996). "[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-09-29-9609290376-story.html City's Impressionist Trove Rooted in House of Palmer]". ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved 2019-10-28.</ref> Highlights include more than 30 paintings by [[Claude Monet]], including six of his [[Haystacks (Monet)|''Haystacks'']] and a number of ''[[Water Lilies]]''. Also in the collection are important works by [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] such as ''[[Two Sisters (On the Terrace)]],'' and [[Gustave Caillebotte]]'s ''[[Paris Street; Rainy Day]].'' Post-Impressionist works include [[Paul Cézanne]]'s ''[[The Basket of Apples]]'', and ''[[Marie-Hortense Fiquet|Madame Cézanne]] in a Yellow Chair.'' ''[[At the Moulin Rouge]]'' by [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] is another highlight. The [[Pointillism|pointillist]] masterpiece, which also inspired [[Sunday in the Park with George|a musical]] and was
In the mid-1930s, the Art Institute received a gift of over one hundred works of art from [[Annie Swan Coburn]] ("Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Collection"). The "Coburn Renoirs" became the core of the Art Institute's [[Impressionist]] painting collection.<ref name="aic">{{cite web |title=Case 8: Annie Swan Coburn |url=http://archive.artic.edu/ryerson/making-history/8 |website=Women of the Art Institute |access-date=2018-06-16}}</ref>
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=== Modern and Contemporary Art ===
[[File:Old guitarist chicago.jpg|thumb|[[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]]
The museum's collection of modern and contemporary art was significantly augmented when collectors [[Stefan Edlis|Stefan Edlis and Gael Neeson]] gifted 40 plus master works to the department in 2015.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-edlis-neeson-art-institute-1210-20151209-story.html| title=Massive art gift transforms Art Institute| last=Johnson| first=Steve| newspaper=Chicago Tribune| date=December 9, 2015| access-date=2016-08-03}}</ref> [[Pablo Picasso]]'s [[The Old Guitarist|''Old Guitarist'']], [[Henri Matisse]]'s ''Bathers by a River'', [[Constantin Brâncuși]]'s ''Golden Bird'', and [[René Magritte]]'s ''[[Time Transfixed]]'' are highlights of the modern galleries, located on the third floor of the Modern Wing.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/modern| title=Modern Art| website=Art Institute of Chicago| access-date=2016-08-03}}</ref> The contemporary installation, located on the second floor, contains works by [[Andy Warhol]], [[Cindy Sherman]], [[Cy Twombly]], [[Jackson Pollock]], [[Jasper Johns]], and other significant modern and contemporary artists.
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=== Textiles ===
The Department of Textiles has more than 13,000 textiles and 66,000 sample swatches in total, covering an array of cultures from 300
==Architecture==
{{Main|Art Institute of Chicago Building}}
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The current building complex at 111 South Michigan Avenue is the third address for the Art Institute.
The Art Institute's
The east entrance of the museum is marked by the stone arch entrance to the old [[Chicago Stock Exchange]]. Designed by [[Louis Sullivan]] in 1894, the Exchange was
The Art Institute building has the unusual property of straddling open-air railroad tracks. Two stories of gallery space connect the east and west buildings while the [[Metra Electric]] and [[South Shore Line (NICTD)|South Shore]] lines operate below. The lower level of gallery space was formerly the windowless Gunsaulus hall, but is now home to the Alsdorf Galleries showcasing Indian, Southeast Asian and Himalayan Art. During renovation, windows facing north toward Millennium Park were added. The gallery space was designed by [[Renzo Piano]] in conjunction with his design of the Modern Wing and features the same window screening used there to protect the art from direct sunlight. The upper level formerly held the modern European galleries, but was renovated in 2008 and now features the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist galleries.
===Libraries===
[[File:Burnham Library Simon Fieldhouse 1.jpg|thumb
Located on the ground floor of the museum is the [[Ryerson & Burnham Libraries]]. The Libraries' collections cover all periods of art, but is most known for its extensive collection of 18th to 20th century architecture. It serves the museum staff, college and university students, and is also open to the general public. The Friends of the Libraries, a support group for the Libraries, offers events and special tours for its members. ===Modern Wing===
[[File:Art Institute Modern Wing Night.jpg|thumb|Art Institute of Chicago Modern Wing]]
On May 16, 2009, the Art Institute opened the Modern Wing, the largest expansion in the museum's history.<ref name="architecutre">{{cite news| title=Renzo Piano Embraces Chicago| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/14/arts/design/14muse.html| first=Nicolai| last=Ourossof| date=May 13, 2009| newspaper=The New York Times| access-date=2011-06-13| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513210441/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/14/arts/design/14muse.html| archive-date=2011-05-13| url-status=live| df=mdy}}</ref> The {{convert|264000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} addition, designed by [[Renzo Piano]], makes the Art Institute the second-largest museum in the US.<ref name=secondlargest/> The [[architect of record]] in the City of Chicago for this building was Interactive Design.<ref>{{cite web| title=The Modern Wing At The Art Institute Of Chicago| website=Interactive Design Architects| url=https://interactivedesignarchitects.com/portfolio-post/the-modern-wing-at-the-art-institute-of-chicago/| access-date=2020-08-06| language=en-US}}</ref> The Modern Wing is home to the museum's collection of early 20th-century European art, including [[Pablo Picasso]]'s ''[[The Old Guitarist]]'', [[Henri Matisse]]'s ''Bathers by a River'', and [[René Magritte]]'s ''[[Time Transfixed]].'' The Lindy and Edwin Bergman Collection of Surrealist art includes the largest public display of [[Joseph Cornell]]'s works (37 boxes and collages).<ref>{{cite news |title=Joseph Cornell's Works At The Art Institute |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-03-23/entertainment/9703230020_1_joseph-cornell-utopia-parkway-art-institute |last=Seaman |first=Donna |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=March 23, 1997}}</ref> The Wing also houses [[contemporary art]] from after 1960; new photography, video media, architecture and design galleries including original renderings by [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]] and [[Bruce Goff]]; temporary exhibition space; shops and classrooms;
▲On May 16, 2009, the Art Institute opened the Modern Wing, the largest expansion in the museum's history.<ref name="architecutre">{{cite news| title=Renzo Piano Embraces Chicago| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/14/arts/design/14muse.html| first=Nicolai| last=Ourossof| date=May 13, 2009| newspaper=The New York Times| access-date=2011-06-13| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513210441/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/14/arts/design/14muse.html| archive-date=2011-05-13| url-status=live| df=mdy}}</ref> The {{convert|264000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} addition, designed by [[Renzo Piano]], makes the Art Institute the second-largest museum in the US.<ref name=secondlargest/> The [[architect of record]] in the City of Chicago for this building was Interactive Design.<ref>{{cite web| title=The Modern Wing At The Art Institute Of Chicago| website=Interactive Design Architects| url=https://interactivedesignarchitects.com/portfolio-post/the-modern-wing-at-the-art-institute-of-chicago/| access-date=2020-08-06| language=en-US}}</ref> The Modern Wing is home to the museum's collection of early 20th-century European art, including [[Pablo Picasso]]'s ''[[The Old Guitarist]]'', [[Henri Matisse]]'s ''Bathers by a River'', and [[René Magritte]]'s ''[[Time Transfixed]].'' The Lindy and Edwin Bergman Collection of Surrealist art includes the largest public display of [[Joseph Cornell]]'s works (37 boxes and collages).<ref>{{cite news |title=Joseph Cornell's Works At The Art Institute |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-03-23/entertainment/9703230020_1_joseph-cornell-utopia-parkway-art-institute |last=Seaman |first=Donna |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=March 23, 1997}}</ref> The Wing also houses [[contemporary art]] from after 1960; new photography, video media, architecture and design galleries including original renderings by [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]] and [[Bruce Goff]]; temporary exhibition space; shops and classrooms; a cafe and a restaurant, ''Terzo Piano'', that overlooks Millennium Park from its terrace.<ref>{{ cite news |title=A New Kind of Institutional Dining |url=http://www.zagat.com/Blog/Detail.aspx?SCID=42&BLGID=20948 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505234903/https://www.zagat.com/Blog/Detail.aspx?SCID=42&BLGID=20948 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 5, 2019 |work=[[Zagat]] |date=May 27, 2009}}</ref> In addition, the [[Nichols Bridgeway]] connects a sculpture garden on the roof of the new wing with the adjacent [[Millennium Park]] to the north and a courtyard designed by Gustafson Guthrie Nichol.
In 2009, the Modern Wing won at the Chicago Innovation Awards.<ref>{{ cite news |title=2009 Chicago Innovation Award winners |url=http://www.chicagoinnovationawards.com/past-winners/2009 |website=Chicago Innovation Awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311044420/http://www.chicagoinnovationawards.com/past-winners/2009 |archive-date=2010-03-11}}</ref>
==Selections from the permanent collection==
===Paintings===
<gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" mode="packed">
File:Bernat Martorell - Saint George Killing the Dragon - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Bernat Martorell|Martorell]], ''[[Saint George Killing the Dragon]]'', c. 1434/35
File:Saint Martin and the Beggar (c1597-1600) by El Greco - Chicago.jpg|[[El Greco]], ''[[Saint Martin and the Beggar (El Greco)|Saint Martin and the Beggar]]'', c. 1597–1600
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Old Man with a Gold Chain - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Rembrandt]], ''[[Old Man with a Gold Chain]]
File:Antoine Watteau - Fête champêtre (Pastoral Gathering).jpg|[[Antoine Watteau]], ''Fête champêtre (Pastoral Gathering)
File:Eugène Ferdinand Victor Delacroix 021.jpg|[[Eugène Delacroix]], ''The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan'', 1826
File:The Captive Slave.jpg|[[John Simpson (artist)|John Simpson]], ''[[The Captive Slave]]'', 1827
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File:AIC-chimera.jpg|A [[Han Dynasty]] (206 BC – 220 AD), tomb sculpture of a [[pixiu]] (or [[Qilin|chimera]]) creature
File:1981.11 - Statue of the Aphrodite of Knidos.jpg|''Aphrodite of Knidos'', 2nd Century Roman, inspired by [[Praxiteles]]
File:Alapini vina @ Art Institute of Chicago - detail of black schist of God Vishnu with His Consorts Lakshmi and Sarasvati - Bangladesh or Eastern India, Pala period, 10th-12th century.jpg|[[Saraswati]] playing an [[alapini vina]], Bangladesh, Pala period
File:Coronation_stone_of_motecuhzoma_ii.jpg|[[Aztec]], ''Coronation Stone of [[Motecuhzoma II]]'' (''Stone of the Five Suns'') 1503
File:Rodin - Adam.jpg|[[Auguste Rodin]], ''Adam'' (1881) cast in bronze 1924
File:Art Institute of Chicago Lion Statue (2-D).jpg|[[Edward Kemeys]], ''[[Lions (Kemeys)|Lions]]'', 1893
File:Richard_Hunt_Hero_Construction,_1958_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg|[[Richard Hunt (sculptor)|Richard Hunt]], ''Hero Construction'', 1958
File:Calderflyingdragon.jpg|[[Alexander Calder]], ''[[Flying Dragon (Calder)|Flying Dragon]]'', 1975
</gallery> ===More highlights from the collection===
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File:The Annunciation, from a Book of Hours, 1440-45.jpg|Illuminated Manuscript page from a [[Book of Hours]], c. 1440/45
File:Pieces from porcelain collection in Art Institute of Chicago.jpg|Pieces from the porcelain collection in the Art Institute of Chicago
File:1952.343 - Under the Wave off Kanagawa (Kanagawa oki nami.jpg|''[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]]'' (Under the Wave off Kanagawa) Japanese woodblock print by Hokusai, c. 1830 (this is one of three held by the museum)
File:Sideboard and Wine Cabinet, 1859, designed by William Burges, London, made by Hartland & Faber - Art Institute of Chicago - DSC09863.JPG|Sideboard and Wine Cabinet, 1859, designed by [[William Burges]]
File:Salon Louis XVI The Thorne rooms.jpg|One of the Thorne Miniature Rooms, ´Salon Louis XVI´ c. 1930s
</gallery>
== Governance ==
=== Attendance ===
During 2009, attendance was around 2
=== Finances ===
[[File:Art Institute of Chicago Michigan Avenue.jpg|thumb
As of 2011, the Art Institute continues to rebuild its $783 million endowment since the [[Great Recession|recession]].<ref>Crow, Kelly. (August 24, 2011), [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904875404576528873604216228 "Chicago's Art Institute Names New Director"]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.</ref> In June 2008, its endowment was $827 million. As of 2012, the museum is rated A1 by [[Moody's]], its fifth-highest grade, in part reflecting the museum's pension and retirement liabilities; [[Standard & Poor's]] rates the museum A+, fifth-best. In October 2012, the Art Institute sold about $100 million of taxable and tax-exempt bonds partly to shore up unfunded pension obligations.<ref>Chappatta, Brian. (October 9, 2012). [https://archive.today/20130118162817/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-09/chicago-art-institute-borrows-100-million-for-pensions "Chicago Art Institute Borrows $100 Million for Pensions"]. ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]''.</ref>
The $294 million extension in 2009 was the culmination of a $385 million fundraising campaign—roughly $300 million for design and construction and $85 million for the endowment. Around $370 million were raised primarily from private patrons in Chicago.<ref>Kaufman, Jason Edward. (May 13, 2009). [http://theartnewspaper.com/articles/Art-Institute-of-Chicago-s-massive-extension-opens/17325 "Art Institute of Chicago's massive extension opens"]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016131345/http://theartnewspaper.com/articles/Art-Institute-of-Chicago-s-massive-extension-opens/17325 |date=October 16, 2012}} ''[[The Art Newspaper]]''.</ref> In 2011, the Art Institute received a $10 million gift from the Jaharis Family Foundation to renovate and expand galleries devoted to Greek, Roman and Byzantine art,
=== Acquisitions and deaccessioning ===
In 1990, the Art Institute of Chicago sold 11 works at auction, including paintings by [[Claude Monet]], [[Pablo Picasso]], [[Amedeo Modigliani]], [[Maurice Utrillo]] and [[Edgar Degas]], to raise the $12 million purchase price of a bronze sculpture, ''Golden Bird'', by [[Constantin Brâncuși]]. At the time, the sculpture was owned by the [[Arts Club of Chicago]], which was selling it to buy a new gallery for its other works.<ref>[https://articles.latimes.com/1990-05-10/entertainment/ca-1857_1_chicago-gallery Chicago Gallery to Sell 11 Works to Buy Brancusi] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [[United Press International]], May 10, 1990.</ref> In 2005, the museum sold two paintings by [[Marc Chagall]] and [[Auguste Renoir]] at [[Sotheby's]].<ref>Vogel, Carol (October 26, 2005). [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/26/arts/design/26muse.html "Museums Set to Sell Art, and Some Experts Cringe"]. ''The New York Times''.</ref> In 2011, it auctioned two Picassos (''Sur l'impériale traversant la Seine'' (1901) and ''Verre et pipe'' (1919)), [[Henri Matisse]]'s
=== Directors ===
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====Docent program diversity dispute====
In 2021, the Art Institute ended its unpaid volunteer docents program to move to a paid model. The ''Chicago Tribune'' editorial page criticized the Institute's letter announcing the change and the move to a new model, arguing that "[o]nce you cut through the blather, the letter basically said the museum had looked critically at its corps of docents, a group dominated by mostly (but not entirely) white, retired women with some time to spare, and found them wanting as a demographic."<ref>{{cite news |title=Shame on the Art Institute for Summarily Canning Its Docents | newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]| date=September 21, 2021 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/editorials/ct-edit-art-institute-docents-firing-20210927-dfrho66bjba2bp27phz2yndwzu-story.html| url-access=subscription}}</ref> The
Following a volunteerism surge in the late 1940s, the program had been created in 1961 to revitalize and expand "programming for children."<ref>{{cite web |title=Expanding the Museum's Impact |url=https://www.artic.edu/learn-with-us |website=Learn with Us |publisher=The Art Institute Chicago |access-date=12 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321200418/https://www.artic.edu/learn-with-us |archive-date=21 March 2020 |quote=Volunteerism surged in the United States in the postwar period […] In this context, the Art Institute's Woman's Board was established in 1952 […] The Woman's Board also helped to create the museum's Docent Program in 1961 with the Junior League of Chicago as a means of revitalizing and expanding programming for children}}</ref> Among other matters, since 2014 the program had been trying to attract a more diverse socioeconomic perspective set of art-tour guides, given the unpaid time commitment needed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Art Institute of Chicago Ends Its Volunteer Docent Program |work=[[WBEZ]] News| date=1 October 2021 |url=https://www.wbez.org/stories/art-institute-of-chicago-ends-its-volunteer-docent-program/bb71f6da-5825-4d30-a47f-c334aac564a6}}</ref>
== Looted art ==
In 1996, heirs to Jewish art collectors Louise and [[Friedrich Gutmann]], who died in Nazi concentration camps, sued museum trustee [[Daniel C. Searle|Daniel Searle]] for the return of Edgar Degas painting's, ''Landscape with Smokestacks''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-07 |title=COLLECTOR SUED OVER NAZI VICTIMS' ART |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/07/19/collector-sued-over-nazi-victims-art/aa497d49-f8c3-4ce6-99a9-cc82847760b3/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=Chicago |date=1997-03-24 |title=FAMILY SUES COLLECTOR, SAYS DEGAS WORK STOLEN BY NAZIS |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1997/03/24/family-sues-collector-says-degas-work-stolen-by-nazis/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Chicago Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> After years of litigation a settlement was concluded which involved the acquisition of the painting by the Art Institute.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dobrzynski |first=Judith H. |date=1998-08-14 |title=Settlement in Dispute Over a Painting Looted by Nazis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/14/us/settlement-in-dispute-over-a-painting-looted-by-nazis.html |access-date=2024-03-09 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Landscape with Smokestacks – Friedrich Gutmann Heirs and Daniel Searle — Centre du droit de l'art |url=https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/landscape-with-smokestacks-2013-friedrich-gutmann-heirs-and-daniel-searle |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=plone.unige.ch |quote=The heirs of Holocaust victims Friedrich and Louise Gutmann, Nick and Simon Goodman and Lili Gutmann, filed a claim against the art dealer Daniel Searle. Searle was the owner of the painting “Landscape with Smokestacks” by Edgar Degas and was a Trustee of the Art Institute of Chicago, where the painting was on loan. The painting was allegedly looted by the Nazis during the Second World War. After four years of litigation, the parties agreed to share the ownership of the painting. The Gutmann heirs’ interest in the ownership was bought by the Art Institute of Chicago.}}</ref> A collection of approximately 500 objects from [[Nepal]], India and elsewhere in Asia that was donated to the Art Institute by trustee [[Marilynn Alsdorf]] in 1989 was later found to contain several objects that were looted; nine objects have been returned by the museum to Nepal over the years, while some additional items are still being contested.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CHERNEY |first=ELYSSA |title=She was the queen of Chicago's arts community. But her collection now means trouble for the Art Institute. |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/arts-entertainment/art-institute-chicago-nepal-looted-art-concerns |website=chicagobusiness.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Elyssa Cherney,Steve |date=2023-03-20 |title=Questions Shadow These Items From a Renowned Art Collection |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/chicago-art-institute-alsdorf-repatriation-origins |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=ProPublica |language=en |quote=Crain’s Chicago Business and ProPublica have identified at least nine objects once owned by James and Marilynn Alsdorf that have been sent back to their countries of origin since the late 1980s. Nepali activists — and government officials, in one case — are pressing for the return of more Alsdorf objects donated to the Art Institute of Chicago, saying they have evidence the pieces may have been looted and sold on the art market.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-22 |title=Investigation raises concerns over Art Institute's Nepal items |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/museums/ct-ent-nepal-looted-antiquities-aic-20230322-4y4vueyjxrebrk5v7f5lanyelu-story.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> In 2023, the [[Manhattan District Attorney]]'s Office moved to seize [[Egon Schiele]] paintings from several museums on the grounds that they had been looted by the Nazis from [[Fritz Grünbaum]], who was killed in the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]]. The paintings included, ''Russian War Prisoner,'' a watercolor in the Art Institute.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ho |first=Karen K. |date=2023-09-14 |title=US Investigators Move to Seize Three Egon Schiele Works from Museums on Claims From Jewish Heirs of Stolen Property |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/us-investigators-seize-three-egon-schiele-museums-jewish-heirs-stolen-property-claims-1234679610/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=ARTnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-14 |title=Egon Schiele art seized in US over Holocaust claim |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66815694 |access-date=2023-11-07}}</ref> The Art Institute continues to hold the work, as it is contesting the seizure in court. According to its investigation, it acquired the watercolor drawing in 1966 from an American art dealer through a proper provenance from Grünbaum's legal heir, and it also argues that the claim is time-barred because Grünbaum's heirs were aware.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cohan |first=William D. |date=2023-11-06 |title=Were These Artworks Looted? After Seizures and Lawsuits, Some Still Debate |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/06/arts/design/egon-schiele-art-lawsuits-looted.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sheppard |first=Carrie |date=2024-01-17 |title=Art Institute fights to hold on to disputed Egon Schiele artwork |work=Axios |url=https://www.axios.com/local/chicago/2024/01/17/art-institute-holocaust-painting-franz-friedrich-grunbaum |access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref> In February 2024, the Manhattan District Attorney filed a motion accusing the Art Institute of "blatantly ignoring evidence of an elaborate fraud undertaken to conceal that the artwork had been looted". According to the ''New York Times'', the court filing provided detailed evidence that provenance documents provided by the Swiss art dealer [[Eberhard Kornfeld]] contained forged signatures or were altered long after he came into possession of the paintings and sold them to other art dealers in the mid-1950s. Court hearings on the matter are expected in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mashberg |first1=Tom |last2=Bowley |first2=Graham |date=2024-02-23 |title=Investigators Say Chicago's Art Institute Is Holding onto 'Looted Art' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/23/arts/investigators-say-chicagos-art-institute-is-holding-onto-looted-art.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
==In popular culture==
Director [[John Hughes (filmmaker)|John Hughes]] included a sequence in the Art Institute in his 1986 film ''[[Ferris Bueller's Day Off]]'', which is set in Chicago. During it, the characters are shown viewing ''[[A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte]]''. Hughes had first visited the institute as a "refuge" while in high school.<ref name="ferris_commentary">{{cite AV media| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p89gBjHB2Gs |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/p89gBjHB2Gs |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live| title=John Hughes commentary - The Museum scene from Ferris Bueller's Day Off| date=7 August 2009| website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Hughes' commentary on the sequence was used as a reference point by journalist [[Hadley Freeman]] in a discussion of the Republican presidential primary candidates in 2011.<ref name="freeman">{{cite news| last=Freeman| first=Hadley| date=November 15, 2011| url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/nov/15/werner-herzog-america-republican| title=Two new films reveal the death and triumph of the American dream| newspaper=[[The Guardian]]| location=London}}</ref>
The paintings used in the 1970 [[Parker Brothers]] board game ''[[Masterpiece (game)|Masterpiece]]'' are works held in the Art Institute's collection.<ref>{{cite web| title=Masterpiece| url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/1501/masterpiece| website=BoardGameGeek| access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal bar|Chicago|Art}}
* [[American Academy of Art]]
* [[Bessie Bennett]], early 20th century Curator of Decorative Art
* ''[[Forest Idyll]]''
* [[List of largest art museums]]
* [[List of most-visited museums in the United States]]
* [[List of museums and cultural institutions in Chicago]]
* [[Alme Meyvis]]
* [[Visual arts of Chicago]]
* [[Lions (Kemeys)|''Lions'' (Kemeys)]]
==References==
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==External links==
* {{official website}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrVK8_L9Hf4 Art Institute's Impressionistic collection, YouTube]
*[https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-art-institute-of-chicago?hl=en Virtual tour of the Art Institute of Chicago] provided by [[Google Arts & Culture]]
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