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{{Short description|Country house in Gloucestershire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2021}}
[[File:BadmintonMorris edited.jpg|thumb|right|Badminton House in the 19th century.]]▼
[[File:Badminton House.jpg|thumb|right|Badminton House in 2007.]]▼
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'''Badminton House''' is a large [[English country houses|country house]] and Grade I [[Listed Building]]<ref>{{NHLE|num=1320832|desc=|accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> in [[Badminton, Gloucestershire]], [[England]], and has been the principal seat of the [[Duke of Beaufort (England)|Dukes of Beaufort]] since the late 17th century, when the family moved from [[Raglan Castle]], which had been ruined in the [[English Civil War]]. The house gives its name to the sport of [[badminton]]. The gardens and park surrounding the house are Grade I on the [[Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England|Register of Historic Parks and Gardens]].<ref name=NHLE>{{NHLE|num=1000561|desc=Badminton House|access-date=14 June 2020|mode=cs2}}</ref>▼
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{{Location map|Gloucestershire#UK England
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|caption = Badminton House is in [[Gloucestershire]], [[England]]
|alt = Badminton House
|label = Badminton House
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|coordinates = {{coord|51|32|43.8|N|02|16|49.8|W}}
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[[File:10th Duke of Beaufort outside Badminton Hall Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|[[Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort|The 10th Duke (d. 1984)]] in front of the house]]
▲[[File:Badminton House - geograph.org.uk - 794330.jpg|thumb
▲'''Badminton House''' is a large [[English country houses|country house]] and Grade I [[Listed Building]]<ref>{{NHLE|num=1320832|desc=Badminton House|accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> in [[Badminton, Gloucestershire]],
==History==
▲[[File:
In 1612 [[Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester]], bought from Nicholas Boteler his manors of Great and Little Badminton, called 'Madmintune'{{sic}} in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, while one century earlier the name 'Badimyncgtun' was recorded,{{sfn|Harris|loc=Badminton Guide Book}}<ref>{{cite book |title=A Dictionary of British Place-Names |first=A. D. |last=Mills |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-19-852758-6}}</ref> held by that family since 1275. Edward Somerset's third son Sir Thomas Somerset modernized the old house in the late 1620s, and had a new T-shaped gabled range built. Evidence suggests he also had the present north and west fronts built up.
The [[Duke of Beaufort|Dukes of Beaufort]] acquired the property in the late 17th century, when the family moved from [[Raglan Castle]], Monmouthshire, which had been ruined in the [[English Civil War|Civil War]]. The third duke adapted Sir Thomas Somerset's house by incorporating his several gabled ranges around the courtyard and extending the old house eastwards to provide a new set of domestic apartments. He had a grand [[Inigo Jones|Jonesian]] centrepiece raised on the north front. The two-bay flanking elevations were five storeys high, reduced to three storeys in 1713.{{sfn|Harris|loc=Badminton Guide Book}} Their domed crowning pavilions are by [[James Gibbs]].
For the fourth duke, who succeeded his brother in 1745, the architect [[William Kent]] renovated and extended the house in the [[Palladian]] style, but many earlier elements remain.<ref>[http://www.southglos.gov.uk/NR/exeres/92c02a8b-0fca-4877-a895-2bc14c5821d4 Great Badminton Conservation Area - South Gloucestershire Council<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927025933/http://www.southglos.gov.uk/NR/exeres/92c02a8b-0fca-4877-a895-2bc14c5821d4 |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref> The duke was instrumental in bringing the Venetian artist [[Canaletto]] to England: Canaletto's two views of Badminton remain in the house.<ref>Hugh Montgomery-Mass, Christopher Simon Sykes, ''Great Houses of England & Wales'' 1994:219ff.</ref>
== Connections ==
Whether or not the sport of [[badminton]] was re-introduced from [[British India]] or was invented during the hard winter of 1863 by the children of the eighth duke in the Great Hall (where the featherweight shuttlecock would not mar the life-size portraits of horses by [[John Wootton]], as the tradition of the house has it),<ref>Montgomery-Mass and Sykes 1994:219.</ref> it was popularised at the house, hence the sport's name.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/badminton/4163074.stm | work=BBC News | title=History of badminton | date=21 September 2005}}</ref>
[[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] stayed at Badminton House for much of [[World War II]]. Her staff occupied most of the building, to the Duke and Duchess of Beaufort's inconvenience. Afterward, when the [[Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort (sportswoman)|Duchess of Beaufort]], who was Queen Mary's niece, was asked in which part of the great house the Queen had resided, she responded "She lived in all of it."<ref>Montgomery-Mass and Sykes 1994:228.</ref>
In the later 20th century, Badminton House became best known for the annual [[Badminton Horse Trials]] held there since 1949.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Vickers|first=Hugo|date=2018-11-15|title=A Life in Focus: Caroline, the Duchess of Beaufort|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/lifeinfocus/caroline-beaufort-dead-duchess-of-beaufort-badminton-queen-elizabeth-a8615216.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-02|website=[[The Independent]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182000/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/lifeinfocus/caroline-beaufort-dead-duchess-of-beaufort-badminton-queen-elizabeth-a8615216.html |archive-date=9 July 2021 }}</ref> Badminton House has also been strongly associated with [[fox hunting]].<ref name=":0" /> Successive Dukes of Beaufort have been masters of the [[Duke of Beaufort's Hunt|Beaufort Hunt]], one of the two most famous hunts in the [[United Kingdom]] alongside the [[Quorn Hunt]].
Weddings and parties can be booked at Badminton House. Occasionally, houses and cottage on the estate can be rented. The estate was the location for some scenes of the films ''[[The Remains of the Day (film)|The Remains of the Day]]'', ''[[28 Days Later]]'' and ''[[Pearl Harbor (film)|Pearl Harbor]]
==Associated buildings==
Except for the Grade I listed parish church and Worcester Lodge, all structures named below are Grade II* listed.
===Parish church===
Adjacent to Badminton House is the Grade I listed parish church of [[St Michael and All Angels Church, Badminton|St Michael and All Angels]], built in 1785. It serves as the principal burial place of the Somerset family
=== Domestic buildings ===
▲Weddings and parties can be booked at Badminton House. Occasionally, houses and cottage on the estate can be rented. The estate was the location for some scenes of the films ''[[The Remains of the Day (film)|The Remains of the Day]], [[28 Days Later]]'' and ''[[Pearl Harbor (film)|Pearl Harbor]].''
* The 11-bay [[orangery]] of 1711 by Thomas Bateman<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1129313|desc=Orangery|access-date=11 July 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
* An early 18th century laundry in [[Queen Anne style architecture|Queen Anne style]], now a house<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1129315|desc=Laundry and dairy house|access-date=11 July 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
* A similar brewery, also now a house<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1129316|desc=Pond Cottage|access-date=11 July 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
* The servants' wing southwest of the house, three ranges, late 17th century, altered and extended in the 19th<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1129318|desc=Badminton House Servants Wing|access-date=11 July 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
*Stables, barns and blacksmith's shop forming the four sides of the stable court, 1878, possibly by [[Thomas Henry Wyatt|T. H. Wyatt]]<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1320860|desc=Single storey ranges, barn and covered way enclosing four sides of Court Yard at Stable Court to Badminton Rouse|access-date=11 July 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
=== Worcester Lodge ===
▲Adjacent to Badminton House is the parish church of [[St Michael and All Angels Church, Badminton|St Michael and All Angels]], built in 1785. It serves as the principal burial place of the Somerset family. Nearly all Dukes and Duchesses of Beaufort are interred here.<ref>[http://www.badmintonchurch.org.uk/churches/great-badminton/ St Michael and All Angels Church, Great Badminton], 19 July 2013</ref>
[[File:Worcester Lodge, Badminton (geograph 2489135).jpg|thumb|Worcester Lodge]]
At the north entrance to the park, near the Tetbury road and reached from the house by the Three Mile Ride, the Grade I listed Worcester Lodge was designed in 1746 by [[William Kent]]. The part-[[Rustication (architecture)|rusticated]] main block has four storeys. Over the high central archway is a dining room with generous windows and balustraded balconies; a [[pediment]] bears the Beaufort arms and the roof is partly domed. The room has a plaster ceiling by Kent, depicting fruit and flowers of the four seasons, described as very fine by Historic England. Kent also designed the convex mirror with a sunburst pattern. Outside, the ornamental flanking quadrant walls on both sides finish at small pavilions.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1153252|desc=Worcester Lodge to Badminton Park, with flanking quadrant walls and terminal pavilions|access-date=11 July 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
=== Other estate buildings ===
Several buildings and follies were designed by Thomas Wright of Durham, around 1750.
* West of the house, Castle Barn is a castellated range of buildings including a barn and two flanking [[dovecote]] towers<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1129344|desc=Castle Barn, flanking dovecotes and screen walls|access-date=11 July 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
Set on a motte at the end of a main drive from Badminton House is the [[folly]] known as Ragged Castle, built c1750 by Thomas Wright of Durham and now a [[Heritage at Risk Register|building at risk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://risk.english-heritage.org.uk/2010.aspx?id=1497 |title=Ragged Castle |publisher=English Heritage |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826064230/http://risk.english-heritage.org.uk/2010.aspx?id=1497 |archivedate=2011-08-26 }}</ref> It is a Grade II* [[Listed Building]].<ref>{{NHLE|num=1156209|desc=|accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref>▼
* In the deer park, the park-keeper's house is styled as a rustic cottage, one storey with attics<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1155297|desc=Park Keeper's House, and workshop wing to east|access-date=11 July 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
* Nearby, the Hermit's Cell or Root House is a small square wooden building with a thatched roof<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1320851|desc=Hermit's Cell or The Root House|access-date=11 July 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
* Lower Slait Lodge, at the northwest entrance, has two storeys in [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style with four hexagonal corner turrets<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1129323|desc=Lower Slait Lodge|access-date=11 July 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
▲* Set on a motte at the end of a main drive from Badminton House is the [[folly]] known as Ragged Castle,
==See also==
*[[Badminton Horse Trials]]▼
*''[[Badminton Library]]''
==Notes==
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==External links==
{{coord|51.
*[http://www.badmintonestate.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101121163832/http://dicamillocompanion.com/houses_detail.asp?ID=121
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Badminton (village)|display=Badminton|volume=3|page=189}} About half of this article is devoted to a discussion of Badminton House.
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Badminton in England]]
[[Category:Country houses in Gloucestershire]]
[[Category:English gardens in English Landscape Garden style]]
[[Category:Folly castles in England]]
[[Category:Gardens in Gloucestershire]]
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[[Category:Grade I listed parks and gardens in Gloucestershire]]
[[Category:Gardens by Capability Brown]]
[[Category:Palladian architecture in England]]
[[Category:William Kent buildings]]
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