Bleeding: Difference between revisions

}}</ref> Bleeding can occur [[Internal bleeding|internally]], or externally either through a natural opening such as the [[Mouth (human)|mouth]], [[human nose|nose]], [[ear]], [[urethra]], [[vagina]] or [[anus]], or through a puncture in the [[human skin|skin]].

[[Hypovolemia]] is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as [[exsanguination]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/exsanguination|title=Dictionary Definitions of Exsanguination|publisher=Reference.com|access-date=2007-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711062056/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/exsanguination|archive-date=2007-07-11|url-status=live}}</ref> Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious [[sequela|medical difficulties]] (by comparison, [[blood donation]] typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blood.co.uk/pages/b36faint.html|title=Blood Donation Information|publisher=UK National Blood Service|access-date=2007-06-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035216/http://www.blood.co.uk/pages/b36faint.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-09-28}}</ref> The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called [[hemostasis]] and is an important part of both [[first aid]] and [[surgery]].

 

==Types==

{{see also|Emergency bleeding control|Wound healing|Wound bed preparation}}

Acute bleeding from an injury to the skin is often treated by the application of direct pressure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Severe bleeding: First aid |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661 |website=Mayo Clinic |access-date=15 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> For severely injured patients, [[tourniquet]]s are helpful in preventing complications of [[shock (circulatory)|shock]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Scerbo |first1=MH |last2=Holcomb |first2=JB |last3=Taub |first3=E |last4=Gates |first4=K |last5=Love |first5=JD |last6=Wade |first6=CE |last7=Cotton |first7=BA |title=The Trauma Center Is Too Late: Major Limb Trauma Without a Pre-hospital Tourniquet Has Increased Death From Hemorrhagic Shock |journal=J Trauma Acute Care Surg |date=December 2017 |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=1165–1172 |doi=10.1097/TA.0000000000001666 |pmid=29190257|s2cid=19121937 }}</ref> [[Anticoagulant]] medications may need to be discontinued and possibly reversed in patients with clinically significant bleeding.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hanigan |first1=Sarah |last2=Barnes |first2=Geoffrey D |title=Managing Anticoagulant-related Bleeding in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism |url=https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2019/10/07/14/29/managing-anticoagulant-related-bleeding-in-patients-with-venous-thromboembolism |website=American College of Cardiology |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Patients that have lost excessive amounts of blood may require a [[blood transfusion]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nunez |first1=TC |last2=Cotton |first2=BA |title=Transfusion Therapy in Hemorrhagic Shock |journal=Curr Opin Crit Care |date=December 2009 |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=536–41 |doi=10.1097/MCC.0b013e328331575b |pmid=19730099 |pmc=3139329}}</ref>

 

==Etymology==