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The "doctrine of the inerrancy of scripture"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scotthahn.com/download/attachment/2516|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508175506/http://www.scotthahn.com/download/attachment/2516|url-status= dead|title=Cardinal Augustin Bea, "Vatican II and the Truth of Sacred Scripture"|archivedate=May 8, 2012}}</ref> held by the [[Catholic Church]], as expressed by the [[Second Vatican Council]], is that, "The books of Scripture must be acknowledged as teaching solidly, faithfully and without error that truth which God wanted put into sacred writings for the sake of salvation."<ref name=DV11/>
Inerrancy has been much more of an issue in
A minority of biblical inerrantists go further than the Chicago Statement, arguing that the original text has been perfectly preserved and passed down through time. "''[[Textus Receptus]]'' onlyism" holds that the Greek text of this name (Latin for received text) is a perfect and inspired copy of the original and supersedes earlier manuscript copies. The [[King James Only movement]] ascribes inerrancy only to the [[King James Version|King James English translation]] made from the ''Textus Receptus''.
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== Terms and opinions ==
{{see also|Biblical inspiration|Biblical infallibility|Biblical literalism|Biblical authority|Criticism of the Bible|Internal consistency of the Bible|The Bible and history}}
The word ''inerrancy'' comes from the [[English language | English]] word ''inerrant'', from the Latin ''inerrantem'', (parsable as ''in-'' + ''errantem'' - the accusative singular present participle of ''errāre'' - "to err" or "wander"). The [[Oxford English Dictionary]] defines ''inerrant'' as "That does not err; free from error; unerring."<ref>{{oed | inerrant}}</ref> Another word often used{{by whom?|date=June 2021}} to characterize the Bible is "infallible". From dictionary definitions, Frame (2002) insists that this is a stronger term than "inerrant". "'Inerrant' means there are no errors; 'infallible' means there ''can be'' no errors".<ref>Frame, John M. "Is the Bible Inerrant?" IIIM Magazine Online, Volume 4, Number 19, May 13 to May 20, 2002 [http://reformedperspectives.org/files/reformedperspectives/theology/TH.Frame.inerrancy.html]</ref> Yet he agrees that "modern theologians insist on redefining that word also, so that it actually says less than 'inerrancy.{{'"}} [[Harold Lindsell|Lindsell]] (1978) states that, "The very nature of inspiration renders the Bible infallible, which means that it cannot deceive us. It is inerrant in that it is not false, mistaken, or defective".<ref>[[Harold Lindsell| Lindsell, Harold]]. ''The Battle for the Bible.'' Zondervan, 1978, p. 31. {{ISBN|978-0-310-27681-4}}</ref>
According to H. Chaim Schimmel, [[Judaism]] had never promulgated a belief in the literal word of the [[Hebrew Bible]], hence the co-existence of the [[Oral Torah]].<ref>Schimmel, H. Chaim, ''The Oral Law: The rabbinic contribution to Torah Shebe'al Peh'', 2nd, revised ed., Feldheim Publishers, Jerusalem, 1996, pp. 19–21</ref> Within [[Christianity]], some mainstream [[Evangelical]] and [[Protestant]] groups adhere to the inerrancy of the [[Biblical canon | canon]] of [[scripture]] as it reads today. However, the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' says that "Evangelical scholars ... doubt that accepting the doctrine of biblical inerrancy is the best way to assert their belief in biblical authority".<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "Evangelicalism".</ref>
The [[Second Vatican Council]] authoritatively expressed the [[Catholic Church]]'s view on Biblical inerrancy. Citing earlier declarations, it stated: "Since everything asserted by the inspired authors or sacred writers must be held to be asserted by the Holy Spirit, it follows that the books of Scripture must be acknowledged as teaching solidly, faithfully and without error that truth which God wanted put into sacred writings for the sake of salvation."<ref name=DV11>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651118_dei-verbum_en.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531175312/https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651118_dei-verbum_en.html|url-status= dead|title=Dei verbum|archivedate=May 31, 2014|website=www.vatican.va}}</ref> The Council added: "Since God speaks in Sacred Scripture through men in human fashion, the interpreter of Sacred Scripture, in order to see clearly what God wanted to communicate to us, should carefully investigate what meaning the sacred writers really intended, and what God wanted to manifest by means of their words."<ref>''Dei Verbum'', 12</ref>
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</ref>
Some Judaic and Christian traditions hold that [[Moses]] — rather than God himself — physically wrote the [[Torah]] or Pentateuch of the [[Hebrew Bible]], although in the process of transcription many thousands of times copyists have allowed errors, or (some suggest) even forgeries in the text to accumulate.<ref>
Tov, Emanuel, ''Textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible'', Uitgeverij Van Gorcum, 2001, p. 213</ref> According to this position, God originally spoke through a select person to reveal his purpose, character and plan for humanity. However, the Bible does record some direct statements from God (i.e.,"Thus says the Lord...", "And God said...", etc.). The significance of most phrases, their parts, grammar, and occasionally individual words, letters and even [[Hebrew cantillation|pronunciation]] in the Hebrew Bible are the subject of many rabbinic
== History ==
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