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Line 265: === Before Vatican II === For Catholics as for Protestants, the challenge to inerrancy became serious when the Bible began to come into conflict with science: first astronomy (heliocentrism), then geology (the age of the earth) and finally biology (the evolution of species). {{Citation needed\|date=May 2023}} By the 19th century, some Catholic thinkers were suggesting the same solution as some Protestants: inerrancy in the Bible is restricted to matters of doctrine and morality. {{Citation needed\|date=May 2023}} [[Galileo]] had already said something similar in the early 17th century when, quoting Cardinal [[Caesar Baronius]], he had quipped: "The Bible teaches us how to go to heaven, not how the heavens go." Pope [[Leo XIII]], in his 1893 encyclical {{lang\|la\|[[Providentissimus Deus]]}}, addressed attacks on the inerrancy of the Bible regarding descriptions of physical phenomena.<ref name=":0" /> He explained that descriptions of physical events in the Bible are meant to manifest religious truths, and not to describe the physical events themselves.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=Belmonte \|first=Charles \|url=https://fsubelmonte.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/7/1/19715887/fsu1.pdf \|title=Faith Seeking Understanding \|publisher=Studium Theologiae Foundation, Inc. \|year=2006 \|isbn=971-91060-4-2 \|editor-last=Belmonte \|editor-first=Charles \|edition=2nd \|volume=I \|location=Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines \|pages=122-123 \|access-date=May 17, 2023}}</ref> He also explained that the inspiration that the Holy Spirit gave to the hagiographers did not extend to the explanations of natural phenomena; hence, the hagiographers wrote about natural phenomena as they were commonly observed and in terms of everyday language.<ref name=":0" /> He also explained that the hagiographers sometimes described natural phenomena using metaphors. <ref name=":0" /> He also explained that there could not be real conflict between biblical descriptions of natural phenomena and science, because the hagiographers did not intend to describe natural phenomena scientifically, and because God is the author of the Bible.<ref name=":0" />

Biblical inerrancy: Difference between revisions