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According to Jewish tradition recorded in the [[Talmud]] ([[Bava Basra]] 14b, 15a) the book was written by Samuel up until 1 Samuel 25, which notes the death of Samuel, and the remainder by the prophets Gad and Nathan. Critical scholars from the 19th century onward have rejected this idea. [[Martin Noth]] in 1943 theorized that Samuel was composed by a single author as part of a history of Israel, the [[Deuteronomistic history]], made up of ([[Deuteronomy]], [[Book of Joshua|Joshua]], [[Book of Judges|Judges]], Samuel and [[Books of Kings|Kings]]).{{sfn|Klein|2003|p=316}} Although Noth's belief that the entire History was composed by a single individual has been largely abandoned, his theory in its broad outline has been adopted by most scholars.{{sfn|Tsumura|2007|p=15-19}}
The most common view today is that an early version of the History was composed in the time of king [[Hezekiah]] (8th century BCE)
The 6th century authors and editors responsible for the bulk of the History drew on many earlier sources, including (but not limited to) an "ark narrative" (1 Samuel 4:1–7:1 and perhaps part of 2 Samuel 6), a "Saul cycle" (parts of 1 Samuel 9-11 and 13–14), the "history of David's rise" (1 Samuel 16:14-2 Samuel 5:10), and the "succession narrative" (2 Samuel 9–20 and 1 Kings 1–2).{{sfn|Knight|1991|p=853}} The oldest of these, the "ark narrative," may even predate the Davidic era.{{sfn|Tsumura|2007|p=11}}
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