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1 and 2 Samuel were originally (and, in most Jewish bibles, still are{{sfn|Barron|2015|p=17}}) a single book, but the first Greek translation, called the [[Septuagint]] and produced around the second century BC, divided it into two; this was adopted by the Latin translations used in the early Christian church of the West, and finally introduced into Jewish bibles around the early 16th century.{{sfn|Gordon|1986|pp=19–20}}
In imitation of the Septuagint what is now commonly known as 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel, are called by the [[Vulgate]], [[Books of Kings|1 Kings and 2 Kings]] respectively.{{sfn|Bechtel|1910}} What are now commonly known as 1 Kings and 2 Kings would be 3 Kings and 4 Kings in Bibles dating from before 1516.{{sfn|Schets|1910}} It was in 1517 that use of the division we know today, used by [[Protestant Bible]]s and adopted by [[Catholic Bible|Catholics]], began.
The Hebrew text that is used by Jews today, called the [[Masoretic Text]], differs considerably from the Hebrew text that was the basis of the first Greek translation, and scholars are still working at finding the best solutions to the many problems this presents.{{sfn|Bergen|1996|pp=25–27}}
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