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The '''Books of Samuel''',{{efn|In Hebrew, 1 and 2 Samuel together comprise simply the "Book of Samuel" ({{hebrew|ספר שמואל}}, ''Sefer Shmuel''). For purposes of chapter and verse numbering, the book is treated as divided into two parts: 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel.}} '''1 Samuel''' and '''2 Samuel''', form part of the narrative history of [[Ancient Israel|Israel]] in the [[Nevi'im]] or "prophets" section of the [[Hebrew Bible]]/[[Old Testament]], called the [[Deuteronomistic history]], a series of books ([[Book of Joshua|Joshua]], [[Book of Judges|Judges]], Samuel and [[Books of Kings|Kings]]) that constitute a theological history of the [[Israelites]] and aim to explain [[Torah|God's law for Israel]] under the guidance of the prophets.{{sfn|Gordon|1986|p=18}} According to Jewish tradition, the book was written by [[Samuel]], with additions by the prophets [[Gad (prophet)|Gad]] and [[Nathan (prophet)|Nathan]].<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|29:29|9}}</ref> Modern scholarly thinking is that the entire Deuteronomistic history was composed in the period c. 630–540 BC by combining a number of independent texts of various ages.{{sfn|Knight|1995|p=62}}{{sfn|Jones|2001|p=197}}
Samuel begins with the prophet [[Samuel]]'s birth<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Samuel|1:1-20|NKJV}}</ref> and [[Yahweh|God]]'s call to him as a boy. The story of the [[Ark of the Covenant]] that follows tells of Israel's oppression by the [[Philistines]], which brought about Samuel's anointing of [[Saul]] as Israel's first king. But Saul proved unworthy and God's choice turned to [[David]], who defeated Israel's enemies, purchased the threshing floor (2 Samuel 24:24), where his son, Solomon built the Temple and brought the Ark to Jerusalem. God then promised David and his successors an everlasting dynasty.{{sfn|Spieckerman|2001|p=348}}
== Summary ==
[[File:Ernst Josephson. - David och Saul.JPG|thumb|[[Ernst Josephson]], ''David and Saul'', 1878.]]
The childless [[Hannah (biblical figure)|Hannah]] vows to [[Yahweh|Yahweh of hosts]] that if she has a son, he will be dedicated to him. [[Eli (Bible)|Eli]], the priest of [[Shiloh (biblical city)|Shiloh]] (where the [[Ark of the Covenant]] is located), blesses her, and a child named [[Samuel (Bible)|Samuel]] is born. Samuel is dedicated to the Lord as a [[Nazirite]] – the only one besides [[Samson]] to be identified in the Bible. Eli's sons, [[Hophni and Phinehas]],
The [[Philistines]] [[Philistine captivity of the Ark|capture the Ark of the Covenant]] from Shiloh and take it to the temple of their god [[Dagon]], who recognizes the supremacy of Yahweh. The Philistines are afflicted with plagues and return the ark to the Israelites, but to the territory of the [[tribe of Benjamin]] rather than to Shiloh. The Philistines attack the Israelites gathered at [[Mizpah in Gilead (Judges)|Mizpah]] in Benjamin. Samuel appeals to Yahweh, the Philistines are decisively beaten, and the Israelites reclaim their lost territory.
In Samuel's old age, he appoints his sons [[Joel (son of Samuel)|Joel]] and [[Abijah]] as judges, but they walked not in the ways of the Lord with perverted judgement, accepting, lucre, bribes because of the corruption the people ask for a king to rule over them instead of rejecting God and his laws, forgetting all God had done to bring them out of the Land of Egypt The Lord tells Samuel to tell the people of Israel what they have asked for. This king says Samuel that you have asked to rule over you will take the best of all your labor your fields, crops, vineyards and give them to his servants. He will take your sheep, and your asses. He will take your daughters and your manservants, and you will cry out but the Lord will not hear you. But the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel. After Samuel inquires of God he directs Samuel to grant them a king God There was a mighty man of Benjamin whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath the son of Aphiah a Benjamin a might man of power and he had a son, Saul a choice young man a goodly, there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he. Samuel had never met Saul but but God led Saul to Samuel to be anointed as King. God gave Saul a new heart 1Samuel 10:9 God was with Saul and he defeats the enemies of the Israelites, but disobeys God. The spirit of the Lord departs from Saul because of his disobedience. But the Lord has already selected another godly man as King over his people, David son of Jesse the Bethlehemite, David was his youngest son a Shepard boy , he is described as "ruddy and withal of beautiful countenance and goodly to look at" and "fair" 1Samuel 16:12
The elders of Judah anoint David as king, but in the north Saul's son [[Ish-bosheth]], or Ishbaal, rules over the northern tribes. After a long war, Ishbaal is murdered by [[Rechab]] and [[Baanah]], two of his captains who hope for a reward from David; but David has them killed for killing God's anointed. David is then anointed King of all Israel. David captures Jerusalem and brings the Ark there. David wishes to build a temple, but [[Nathan (Prophet)|Nathan]] tells him that one of his sons will be the one to build the temple. David defeats the enemies of Israel, slaughtering Philistines, [[Moab]]ites, [[Edom]]ites, Syrians and [[Arameans]].
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