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Line 31: {{main\|Clipped compound}} Clipped forms are also used in [[Compound (linguistics)\|compounds]]. One part of the original compound most often remains intact. Examples are: ''cablegram'' (''cable'' tele''gram''), ''op art'' (''op''tical ''art''), ''org-man'' (''org''anization ''man''), ''linocut'' (''lino''leum ''cut''). Sometimes both halves of a compound are clipped as in ''navicert'' (''navi''gation ''cert''ificate). In these cases it is difficult to know whether the resultant formation should be treated as a clipping or as a [[blend word\|blend]], for the border between the two types is not always clear. According to Bauer (1983),<ref name=Bauer/> the easiest way to draw the distinction is to say that those forms which retain compound stress are clipped compounds, whereas those that take simple word stress are not. By this criterion ''bodbiz, Chicom, Comsymp, Intelsat, midcult, pro''-''am, photo op, sci-fi'', and ''sitcom'' are all compounds made of clippings. ~~==Purpose(s)==~~ The motivation (i.e. the usage-based, semantic purpose) or objective (i.e. the utterance-based, semantic-pragmatic purpose)<ref>The terms ''motivation'' and ''objective'' are defined in LEFILLIÂTRE, Boris. "Quand une abréviation tient deux fers au feu : l'euphémisme et le dysphémisme générés par troncation en anglais contemporain (à partir de 1850)". PhD thesis. Poitiers : Université Confédérale Léonard de Vinci, 2021 [online] <https://www.theses.fr/2021POIT5001>, p.566, accessed on 14/01/2023.</ref> of a clipped word can be one or several of the following elements: ~~<p>- to use informal or slang terms, such as the noun ''deb(utante)'' or the adjective ''mis(erable)''</p>~~ <p>- to use jargon in a profession or sociocultural environment, within a specific or technical subject, so as to clip a term employed on a daily basis to reduce the articulatory effort, according to the the law of least effort <ref>TOURNIER, Jean. 2004. Précis de Lexicologie Anglaise. Paris : Ellipses Edition Marketing SA, pp.162,195</ref>, with for example the adjective ''post-op(erative)'' or the nouns ''intercom(munication)'' or ''sched(ule)''.</p> <p>- to create an Xphemistic word, namely a [[euphemism]] or [[dysphemism]], which can sometimes be humorously uttered.<ref>LEFILLIÂTRE, Boris. Quand une abréviation tient deux fers au feu : l'euphémisme et le dysphémisme générés par troncation en anglais contemporain (à partir de 1850). PhD thesis. Poitiers : Université Confédérale Léonard de Vinci, 2021 [online] <https://www.theses.fr/2021POIT5001>, accessed on 14/01/2023.</ref></p> A clip can be multi-motivated, like the word ''patoot'', a shortened version of the noun ''patootie'', which may be described as euphemistic and humorous slang.<ref>LEFILLIÂTRE, Boris. Quand une abréviation tient deux fers au feu : l'euphémisme et le dysphémisme générés par troncation en anglais contemporain (à partir de 1850). PhD thesis. Poitiers : Université Confédérale Léonard de Vinci, 2021 [online] <https://www.theses.fr/2021POIT5001>, p.88, accessed on 14/01/2023.</ref> ==See also==

Clipping (morphology): Difference between revisions