Clipping (morphology): Difference between revisions

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In a final clipping, the most common type in English, the beginning of the prototype is retained. The unclipped original may be either a simple or a composite. Examples include ''ad'' (advertisement), ''cable'' (cablegram), ''doc'' (doctor), ''exam'' (examination), ''fax'' (facsimile), ''gas'' (gasoline), ''gym'' (gymnastics, gymnasium), ''memo'' (memorandum), ''mutt'' (muttonhead), ''pub'' (public house), ''pop'' (popular music), and ''clit'' (clitoris).<ref name="language">[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] (2003), [[Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew]]. [[Palgrave Macmillan]]. {{ISBN|9781403917232}} / {{ISBN|9781403938695}} [http://www.palgrave.com/br/book/9781403917232]</ref>{{rp|109}} An example of apocope in Israeli Hebrew is the word ''lehit'', which derives from להתראות ''lehitraot'', meaning "see you, goodbye".<ref name="language" />{{rp|155}}
 
==Initial clipping, or apheresis, or procope==
{{main article|Apheresis (linguistics)}}
Initial (or fore) clipping retains the final part of the prototypeword. Examples: ''bot'' (robot), ''chute'' (parachute), ''roach'' (cockroach), ''gator'' (alligator), ''phone'' (telephone), ''pike'' (turnpike), ''varsity'' (university), ''net'' (Internet).
 
Final and initial clipping may be combined and result in curtailed words with the middle part of the prototype retained, which is the stressed syllable. Examples: ''flu'' (influenza), ''frig'' or ''fridge'' (refrigerator), ''jams'' or ''jammies'' (pajamas/pyjamas), ''polly'' (apollinaris), ''shrink'' ([[Psychiatrist|head-shrinker]]), ''tec'' (detective).