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'''Children's Day''' is a commemorative date celebrated annually in
In 1925, '''International Children's Day''' was first proclaimed in Geneva during the World Conference on Child Welfare. Since 1950, it is celebrated on
|location=Bloomington, IN, US|publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-5049-4192-1}}</ref> '''World Children's Day''' is celebrated on 20 November to commemorate the [[Declaration of the Rights of the Child]] by the [[United Nations General Assembly|UN General Assembly]] on 20 November 1959.<ref name="World Children's Day" /> In some countries, it is Children's Week and not Children's Day. The Sikhs celebrate Children Day on 20 December to 27 December == History ==
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Children's Day began on the second Sunday of June in 1857 by Reverend Dr. Charles Leonard, pastor of the Universalist Church of the Redeemer in [[Chelsea, Massachusetts]]: Leonard held a special service dedicated to, and for the children. Leonard named the day Rose Day, though it was later named Flower Sunday, and then named Children's Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19170611&id=uI4tAAAAIBAJ&pg=3467,1386815&hl=en|title=Reading Eagle – Google News Archive Search|access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesharonbaptistchurch.com/index.php?p=1_36_The-Family|title=The Sharon Baptist Church|access-date=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401102727/http://thesharonbaptistchurch.com/index.php?p=1_36_The-Family|archive-date=1 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://christianadopt.org/today-is-universal-childrens-day/|title=Today is Universal Children's Day – Christian Adoption Services|access-date=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616190650/http://christianadopt.org/today-is-universal-childrens-day/|archive-date=16 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Children's Day was first officially declared a national holiday by [[Government of the Grand National Assembly|the Republic of Turkey]] in 1920 with the set date of 23 April. Children's Day has been celebrated nationally since 1920 with the government and the newspapers of the time declaring it a day for the children. However, it was decided that an official confirmation was needed to clarify and justify this celebration and the official declaration was made nationally in 1929 by the founder and the President of the Republic of Turkey, [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]].<ref>Veysi Akın (1997). "23 Nisan Millî Hâkimiyet ve Çocuk Bayramı'nın Tarihçesi" (akademik yayın). PAÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 3. sayı: s. 91.</ref><ref>Veysi Akın (1997). "23 Nisan Millî Hâkimiyet ve Çocuk Bayramı'nın Tarihçesi" (akademik yayın). PAÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 3. sayı: s. 92.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kultursanat/23_Nisan.htm|title=23 Nisan|language=tr|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806133206/https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kultursanat/23_Nisan.htm|archive-date=6 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== International Children's Day ===
International Children's Day was first proclaimed in Geneva during the World Conference on Child Welfare in 1925. On 4 November 1949, 1 June was established as the International Day for Protection of Children by the [[Women's International Democratic Federation]] in Moscow.<ref name="Yang 2015"/> Since 1950, 1 June is celebrated as Children's Day in many [[List of socialist states|Communist and post-Communist]] countries.
=== UN ===
On 14 December 1954, a joint resolution by India and Uruguay was passed in the UN General Assembly to encourage all countries to institute a Universal Children's Day, firstly to promote mutual exchange and understanding among children and secondly to initiate action to promote the ideals of the [[Charter of the United Nations|UN Charter]] and the welfare of the world's children.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UN Yearbook|url=https://www.unmultimedia.org/searchers/yearbook/page.jsp?volume=1954&page=279|access-date=2021-11-14|website=www.unmultimedia.org}}</ref> On 20 November 1959,
The United Nations adopted the [[Declaration of the Rights of the Child]].<ref name="United Nations">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/events/childrenday/ |title=United Nations |publisher=United Nations |date=14 December 1954 |access-date=28 July 2013}}</ref> '''World Children's Day''' is celebrated on 20 November to commemorate the [[Declaration of the Rights of the Child]] by the [[United Nations General Assembly|UN General Assembly]] on 20 November 1959.<ref name="World Children's Day">{{cite web|title=World Children's Day|url=https://www.un.org/en/events/childrenday/|access-date=2 June 2020}}</ref>
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In September 2012, the Secretary-General [[Ban Ki-moon]] of the United Nations led the initiative for the education of children.<ref name="Global Education First">{{cite web |url=http://www.globaleducationfirst.org/ |title=Global Education First |publisher=Global Education First |access-date=28 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729080641/http://www.globaleducationfirst.org/ |archive-date=29 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He firstly wants every child to be able to attend school, a goal by 2015.<ref name="Global Education First"/> Secondly, to improve the skill set acquired in these schools.<ref name="Global Education First"/> Finally, implementing policies regarding education to promote peace, respect, and environmental concern.<ref name="Global Education First"/>
Universal Children's Day is not just a day to celebrate children for who they are, but to bring awareness to children around the globe that have experienced violence in forms of abuse, exploitation, and discrimination. Children are used as laborers in some countries, immersed in armed conflict, living on the streets, suffering by differences be it religion, minority issues, or disabilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.international.gc.ca/rights-droits/kids-enfants/index.aspx?view=d |title=Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada |publisher=International.gc.ca |date=16 March 2012 |access-date=28 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111213230/http://www.international.gc.ca/rights-droits/kids-enfants/index.aspx?view=d |archive-date=11 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Children feeling the effects of war can be displaced because of the armed conflict and may suffer physical and psychological trauma.<ref name="
A summary of the rights under the convention on the Rights of the Child can be found on the [[UNICEF]] website.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fact Sheet: A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child|url=http://www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf|website=unicef.org|publisher=United Nations|access-date=22 November 2012|archive-date=13 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213074327/http://www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|2035 = 27 September 2034<br/>'''16 September 2035'''<br/>4 October 2036
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====South Africa====
In South Africa, Children's Day is on the first Saturday of November.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Children's Day {{!}} South African Government|url=https://www.gov.za/national-childrens-day|access-date=2020-11-01|website=www.gov.za}}</ref>
====South Sudan====
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In the '''People's Republic of China''', Children's Day is celebrated on 1 June and is formally known as "the June 1 International Children's Day".<ref name="
====Hong Kong====
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Since 1939, [[Government-General of Chosen]], viewing Children's Day as one of the nationalist movement by Korean independence activists, had oppressed the Children's Day celebration. Since 1945, Children's Day celebration has been resumed. The children's welfare law written in the constitution officially designated 5 May as Children's Day in 1961. And by 'the law of holiday of government office', Children's day became a holiday in Korea in 1970.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |script-title=ko:어린이날 |url=http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=4289&docId=1023220&mobile&categoryId=4294 |encyclopedia=[[Doosan Encyclopedia]]|publisher=[[Doosan Corporation]]|access-date=5 May 2013|via=[[Naver]]}}</ref>
The holiday is also marks the unofficial beginning of summer in the country, as the [[solar term]] of ''[[
====Laos====
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====Nepal====
In Nepal, Children's Day (बाल दिवस) is celebrated on Bhadra 29 according to the Nepali Calendar (August–September) after signing the child rights agreement with the UN. Earlier during the Shah Rule, Nepal used to observe Children's Day on Bhadra 4 on the birthday of H.M. Queen Mother Ratna Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah. It is celebrated by conducting various programs in various institutions around Nepal. It was established as a holiday in 1990.
After the establishment of the federalism government, Child right is under the Ministry of Women, Children, and Senior Citizens. On the occasion of the 58th National Children's Day Bhadra 29th 2079 Nepali Calendar with the theme of " The Foundation of Child-Friendly Society: Responsible Family, Responsible Government" celebrates Children's Day in the different areas of Nepal.<ref
====Pakistan====
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====Germany====
In Germany, during the [[Cold War]], Children's Day (Kindertag) was handled quite differently in West Germany and East Germany.
The [[convention (norm)|customs]] of Children's Day
After the [[German reunification|reunification of East and West Germany]] occurred in 1990, ''Universal Children's Day'' has become official for whole Germany. This, however, was not accepted by large parts of the East German population. Most parents still celebrate Children's Day on the former date of 1 June, and public events pertaining to Children's Day take place on 20 September ({{lang|de|Weltkindertag}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.de/mitmachen/weltkindertag|title=Weltkindertag 2014: Jedes Kind hat Rechte – UNICEF Mitmachen|access-date=1 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421130838/https://www.unicef.de/mitmachen/weltkindertag|archive-date=21 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weltkindertag.de/wkt/|title=Startseite|access-date=1 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503050330/http://www.weltkindertag.de/wkt/|archive-date=3 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2019 it is a state holiday in the former GDR state of [[Thuringia]].
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==== Italy ====
In Italy, Children's day (in Italy usually referred to as "Giornata nazionale dei diritti dell'infanzia e dell'adolescenza", i.e. "National day for childhood and adolescence rights") is celebrated on 20 November every year, since it was established in 1997 due to law no. 451.<ref name="
====Moldova====
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====Sweden====
In Sweden, Children's Day is celebrated on the first Monday of October. It was [[Gustav Rosén]] who is credited with starting a Children's Day in [[Umeå]] in northern Sweden in 1905.<ref
====Switzerland====
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====United Kingdom====
Children's Day was established in the United Kingdom in 1954 by the [[United Nations General Assembly]], so as to create "a day of worldwide fraternity and understanding between children".<ref
====Vatican====
From 25 to 26 May 2024, the Vatican celebrated its first ever World's Children's Day festival, first in Rome's Olympic Stadium and then the next day in Saint Peter's Square.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pope-kicks-off-world-childrens-day-romes-olympic-stadium-2024-05-25/|title=Pope kicks off 'World Children's Day' at Rome's Olympic Stadium|publisher=Reuters|date=25 May 2024|accessdate=26 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=vaticanworldchildren'sday>{{cite news|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/257817/world-childrens-day-pope-francis-instills-key-lesson-on-holy-spirit-in-mass-with-children|title=World Children's Day: Pope Francis instills key lesson on Holy Spirit at Mass with children|first=Rachel|last=Thomas|publisher=Catholic News Agency|date=26 May 2024|accessdate=26 May 2024}}</ref> Pope Francis afterwards announced that the next Vatican World Children's Day would not be held until September 2026.<ref name=vaticanworldchildren'sday />
===North America===
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</ref><ref>
{{cite web|author=The American Presidency Project |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-8152-national-childs-day-2007 |title=Proclamation 8152 – National Child's Day, 2007 |publisher=UC Santa Barbara |access-date=16 June 2020}}
</ref><ref name="
{{cite web|author=The American Presidency Project |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-8267-national-childs-day-2008 |title=Proclamation 8267 – National Child's Day, 2008 |publisher=UC Santa Barbara |access-date=16 June 2020}}
</ref> except in 2002, when it was postponed to the second Sunday of June.<ref>
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</ref>
The [[Barack Obama|Obama]] administration continued to celebrate "National Child's Day", but switched the date to 20 November, which does not always fall on a Sunday.<ref name="
{{cite web|author=The American Presidency Project |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-8604-national-childs-day-2010 |title=Proclamation 8604 – National Child's Day, 2010 |publisher=UC Santa Barbara |access-date=16 June 2020}}
</ref><ref>
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In 1996, author [[Pat Mora]], after learning about the annual Mexican tradition of celebrating 30 April as El día del niño, the Day of the Child, proposed an annual celebration in the U.S. of El día de los niños, El día de los libros/Children's Day, Book Day, thus honoring children and connecting them to literacy, essential in a democracy. Assistance starting this community-based, family literacy initiative was provided by REFORMA, the National Association to Promote Library & Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish Speaking. Often known as Día, because it is both a daily commitment and an annual April celebration, Children's Day, Book Day, has grown to link all children to books, languages, and cultures. A major partner is the Association for Library Services to Children (ALSC), a division of the American Library Association (ALA). Every year, across the country, hundreds of libraries, schools, and community organizations, etc. hold culminating April Children's Day, Book Day celebrations that unite communities, creating an annual tradition much like Mother's Day and Father's Day.
On 23 April 2011, Executive of King County, WA declared 23 April as the International Children's Day.<ref
Children's Day celebrations of Turkish Community in California lead to the State of California recognizing the last Saturday of April as the Children's Day.<ref>{{cite web|title=SCR 91 Senate Concurrent Resolution – ENROLLED|url=http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/07-08/bill/sen/sb_0051-0100/scr_91_bill_20080425_enrolled.html|website=LegInfo,ca.gov|access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref>
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====Paraguay====
In Paraguay, Children's Day is celebrated on 16 August, day of the [[Battle of Acosta Ñu]], where it is said that 20,000 men from the Triple Alliance were awaited by a Paraguayan force made up of 3,500 children ages six to fifteen, ordered to hold the Alliance forces while the president Solano Lopez could escape. Even though Paraguay had been already completely defeated, it is said that Lopez forced them to stay and face the enemy, others sources claim that the children volunteered to fight against the Allied forces after their families had been killed by the advancing allied forces (see more in [[Paraguayan War]]). Since 1948, Children's Day
====Peru====
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