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* 1933 to 1934: [[Fifth Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet|Fifth Encirclement Campaign]]<ref name="fish " />
* 1934 to 1936: [[Long March]]<ref name="fish " /><ref>《中國國民黨史》：“赤匪自稱這次流竄為長征。這次長征開始於民國二十三年十月，到二十四年一月，紅軍主力已到達貴州的遵義。”</ref>
==Main Leadership==
=== Main Leadership of the Red Army Headquarters ===
In May 1933, the Chinese Red Army began to build a military regularization system. They established the Red Army headquarters on the front line to command operations.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
|-
! Military Posts
! First Term
! Second Term
! Third Term
|-
| Chairman of the Military Commission
| [[Zhu De]]（朱德，1933.5 - 1936.12）
| [[Mao Zedong]]（毛泽东，1936.12 - 1937.7）
|
|-
| Commander in Chief
| [[Zhu De]]（朱德，1933.5 - 1937.7）
|
|
|-
| Chief Political Commissar
| [[Zhou Enlai]]（周恩来，1933.5 - 1935.6）
| [[Zhang Guotao]]（张国焘，1935.6 - 1937.7）
|
|-
| Chief of the General Staff
| [[Liu Bocheng]]（刘伯承，1933.5 - 1937.7）
|
|
|-
| Deputy Chief of the General Staff
| [[Zhang Yunyi]]（张云逸，1933.5 - 1934.10）
| [[Ye Jianying]]（叶剑英，1934.10 - 1937.7）
|
|-
| Director of the General Political Department
| [[Wang Jiaxiang]]（王稼祥，1933.5 - 1935.6）
| Cheng Changhao（陈昌浩，1935.6 - 1936.12）
| [[Wang Jiaxiang]]（王稼祥，1936.12 - 1937.7）
|-
| Deputy Director of the General Political Department
| He Chang（贺昌，1933.5 - 1934.10）
| Yuan Guoping（袁国平，1934.10 - 1936.12）
| Yang Shangkun（杨尚昆，1936.12 - 1937.7）
|-
| Director of Security
| [[Li Kenong]]（李克农，1933.5 - 1935.12）
| [[Luo Ruiqing]]（罗瑞卿，1935.12 - 1937.7）
|
|-
| Minister of Supply
| Ye Jizhuang（叶季壮，1933.5 - 1937.7）
|
|
|-
| Minister of Public Health
| Peng Longbo（彭龙伯，1933.5 - 1933.12）
| He Cheng（贺诚，1933.12 - 1937.7）
|
|-
| Minister of Military Station
| Yang Lisan（杨立三，1933.5 - 1937.7）
|
|
|}
=== Commanders of Group Armies ===
The Chinese Red Army often claimed they had three group armies, although, by 1931, the Second Red Army was much smaller than the other two.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
|-
! Army
! Military Posts
! First Term
! Second Term
! Third Term
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[First Red Army]]
| Commander
| [[Zhu De]]（朱德，1930.8 - 1935.10）
| [[Peng Dehuai]]（彭德怀，1935.10 - 1937.8）
|
|-
| [[Political Commissar]]
| [[Mao Zedong]]（毛泽东，1930.8 - 1933.5）
| [[Zhou Enlai]]（周恩来，1933.5 - 1935.10）
| [[Mao Zedong]]（毛泽东，1935.10 - 1937.8）
|-
| Chief of Staff
| Zhu Yunqing（朱云卿，1930.8 - 1931.6）
| [[Ye Jianying]]（叶剑英，1931.6 - 1937.8）
|
|-
| Director of Political Department
| Yang Yuebin（杨岳彬，1930.8 - 1932.6）
| [[Yang Shangkun]]（杨尚昆，1932.6- 1935.10）
| [[Wang Jiaxiang]]（王稼祥，1935.10 - 1937.8）
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Second Red Army]]
| Commander
| [[He Long]]（贺龙，1936.7 - 1937.8）
|
|
|-
| [[Political Commissar]]
| [[Ren Bishi]]（任弼时，1936.7 - 1936.10）
| [[Guan Xiangying]]（关向应，1936.10 - 1937.8）
|
|-
| Chief of Staff
| [[Li Da (general)|Li Da]]（李达，1936.7 - 1936.10）
| [[Zhou Shidi]]（周士第，1936.10 - 1937.8）
|
|-
| Director of Political Department
| Gan Siqi（甘泗淇，1936.7 - 1936.10）
| [[Zhu Rui]]（朱瑞，1936.10 - 1937.8）
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Fourth Red Army]]
| Commander
| [[Xu Xiangqian]]（徐向前，1931.11 - 1937.8）
|
|
|-
| [[Political Commissar]]
| Cheng Changhao（陈昌浩，1931.11 - 1937.8）
|
|
|-
| Chief of Staff
| Zeng Zhongsheng（曾中生，1931.11 - 1933.10）
| Ni Zhiliang（倪志亮，1933.10 - 1936.4）
| Li Te（李特，1936.4 - 1937.8）
|-
| Director of Political Department
| Liu Shiqi（刘士奇，1931.11 - 1932.11）
| Cheng Changhao（陈昌浩，1932.11 - 1936.4）
| Li Zhuoran（李卓然，1936.4 - 1937.8）
|}
=== Main Leadership of Base Areas ===
In 1930, the Chinese Red Army had established several base areas. Though the designations of the Red Army changed frequently, the main leadership of base areas did not change significantly.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
|-
! Base Area
! Duration
! Main Leadership
! Remarks
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Jiangxi]]
|rowspan="4"|1929 - 1934
| [[Mao Zedong]]（毛泽东）
|
|-
| [[Zhu De]]（朱德）
|
|-
| [[Zhu De]]（博古）
|
|-
| [[Zhou Enlai]]（周恩来）
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|Northern [[Jiangxi]]
|rowspan="3"|1929 - 1934
| Kong Hechong（孔荷宠）
| Betrayed in 1934
|-
| Fu Qiutao（傅秋涛）
|
|-
| Fang Buzhou（方步舟）
| Betrayed in 1937
|-
|rowspan="3"|Eastern [[Jiangxi]]
|rowspan="3"|1929 - 1935
| Fang Zhimin（方志敏）
| Died in 1935
|-
| Zhou Jianping（周建屏）
|
|-
| Shao Shiping（邵式平）
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|Northern [[Fujian]]
|rowspan="3"|1929 - 1934
| Huang Dao（黄道）
|
|-
| Huang Ligui（黄立贵）
| Died in 1937
|-
| Wu Xianxi（吴先喜）
| Died in 1937
|-
|rowspan="4"|Western [[Jiangxi]] and Eastern [[Hunan]]
|rowspan="4"|1930 - 1934
| Ren Bishi（任弼时）
|
|-
| Wang Zhen（王震）
|
|-
| Xiao Ke（萧克）
|
|-
| Cai Huiwen（蔡会文）
| Died in 1936
|-
|rowspan="5"|Western [[Anhui]], Eastern [[Hubei]], and Southern [[Henan]]
|rowspan="5"|1930 - 1932
| Zhang Guotao（张国焘）
|
|-
| Xu Jishen（许继慎）
| Died in 1931
|-
| Xu Xiangqian（徐向前）
|
|-
| Chen Changhao（陈昌浩）
|
|-
| Shen Zemin（沈泽民）
| Died in 1933
|-
|rowspan="4"|Western [[Hubei]]
|rowspan="4"|1930 - 1932
| [[He Long]]（贺龙）
|
|-
| Zhou Yiqun（周逸群）
| Died in 1931
|-
| Guan Xiangying（关向应）
|
|-
| Xia xi（夏曦）
| Died in 1936
|-
|rowspan="4"| Northern [[Sichuan]]
|rowspan="4"|1933 - 1935
| Zhang Guotao（张国焘）
|
|-
| Xu Xiangqian（徐向前）
|
|-
| Chen Changhao（陈昌浩）
|
|-
| Wang Weizhou（王维舟）
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| Northern [[Shaanxi]]
|rowspan="3"|1932 - 1937
| Liu Zhidan（刘志丹）
| Died in 1936
|-
| Xie Zichang（谢子长）
| Died in 1935
|-
| Xi Zhongxun（习仲勋）
|
|-
|rowspan="1"| Eastern [[Guangdong]]
|rowspan="1"|1930 - 1931
| Gu Dacun（古大存）
|
|-
|rowspan="4"| [[Guangxi]]
|rowspan="4"|1930 - 1932
| [[Deng Xiaoping]]（邓小平）
|
|-
| Li Mingrui（李明瑞）
| Died in 1931
|-
| Yu Zuoyu（俞作豫）
| Died in 1930
|-
| Wei Baqun（韦拔群）
| Died in 1932
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Hainan]]
|rowspan="2"|1930 - 1932
| Wang Wenming（王文明）
| Died in 1930
|-
| Feng Baiju（冯白驹）
|
|}
== Personnel ==
Line 85 ⟶ 379:
=== Militia ===
Typically a Red Army's base area was surrounded by enemy forces. To protect the base area from enemy attack, the Red Army recruited red guards. The red guards were commanded by officers of the local [[Soviet (council)|soviet]]. When large-scale war broke out, the red guards were responsible for the logistical support of the Red Army and supplied new soldiers for the Red Army. For example, in the winter of 1932, [[Xiao Ke]]'s Eighth Army had 2,200 red soldiers and 10,000 red guards. The red guards' officers were not always loyal. In the spring of 1933, one of the red guards' officers killed 29th Army's commander Chen Qianlun and surrendered to the Nationalist forces.
==Organization==
Usually each Chinese Red Army's army or legion had three or two infantry divisions. Each division has three infantry regiments and one mortar company. In different time the number of one division's soldiers is different. In the beginning every division had about 1000 or 2000 men. From 1933 to 1936, one [[Division (military)|division]] usually had about 5000 or 6000 men.
===1928===
After several uprisings, the Chinese Red Army had several armies in the summer of 1928.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
|-
! Province
! Order of battle
! Commander
! Troop strength
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[Jiangxi]]
| 4th Army
| [[Zhu De]]（朱德）
| 6000
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[Hunan]]
| 5th Army
| [[Peng Dehuai]](彭德怀)
| 2000
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[Hubei]]
| 2nd Army
| [[He Long]](贺龙)
| 1500
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[Anhui]]
| 11th Army
| Wu Guanghao(吴光浩)
| 300
|}
===1930===
The Chinese Red Army became stronger than before during the summer of 1930.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
|-
! Province
! Order of battle
! Commander
! Troop strength
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Jiangxi]]
| 4th Army
| [[Lin Biao]]（林彪）
| 5000
|-
| 6th Army
| Huang Gonglue（黄公略）
| 5000
|-
| 10th Army
| Fang Zhimin（方志敏）
| 2000
|-
| 12th Army
| Deng Yigang(邓毅刚)
| 3000
|-
| 20th Army
| Hu Shaohai(胡少海)
| 1500
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Hunan]]
| 5th Army
| [[Peng Dehuai]](彭德怀)
| 4000
|-
| 8th Army
| He Zhanggong(何长工)
| 5000
|-
| 16th Army
| Hu Yiming(胡一鸣)
| 2000
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Hubei]]
| 4th Army
| [[He Long]](贺龙)
| 2000
|-
| 6th Army
| Duan Dechang(段德昌)
| 8000
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[Anhui]]
| 1st Army
| Xu Jishen(许继慎)
| 2100
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[Zhejiang]]
| 13th Army
| Hu Gongmian(胡公冕)
| 3000
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[Jiangsu]]
| 14th Army
| He Kun(何昆)
| 700
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Guangxi]]
| 7th Army
| Li Mingrui(李明瑞)
| 6000
|-
| 8th Army
| Yu Zuoyu(俞作豫)
| 1000
|}
===1932===
In the summer of 1932, the Chinese Red Army had formed three main forces before the Fourth Encirclement Campaign.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
|-
! Province
! Order of battle
! Commander
! Troop strength
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Jiangxi]]
| 1st Legion
| [[Lin Biao]]（林彪）
| 20000
|-
| 3rd Legion
| [[Peng Dehuai]]（彭德怀）
| 18000
|-
| 5th Legion
| Dong Zhentang（董振堂）
| 17000
|-
| 12th Army
| Luo Binghui(罗炳辉)
| 7400
|-
| 22nd Army
| [[Xiao Ke]](萧克)
| 2000
|-
| rowspan="1"|Northern [[Jiangxi]]
| 16th Army
| [[Kong Hechong]](孔荷宠)
| 17000
|-
| rowspan="2"|Eastern [[Hunan]]
| 8th Army
| [[Wang Zhen (general)|Wang Zhen]](王震)
| 2200
|-
| 12th Division
| Ye Changgeng(叶长庚)
| 1200
|-
| rowspan="1"|Eastern [[Jiangxi]]
| 10th Army
| [[Zhou Jianping]](周建屏)
| 4000
|-
| rowspan="1"|Western [[Hubei]]
| 3rd Army
| [[He Long]](贺龙)
| 14000
|-
| rowspan="3"|Western [[Anhui]] and Eastern [[Hubei]]
| 4th Army
| Xu Xiangqian(徐向前)
| 30000
|-
| 25th Army
| Kuang Jixun(旷继勋)
| 12000
|-
| 1st Division
| Zeng Zhongsheng(曾中生)
| 3000
|-
| rowspan="1"|Northern [[Shaanxi]]
| 42nd Division
| Liu Zhidan(刘志丹)
| 200
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[Guangxi]]
| 21st Division
| Wei Baqun(韦拔群)
| 1000
|}
===1934===
The Chinese Red Army had nearly 200,000 men in the winter of 1934.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
|-
! Province
! Army
! Order of battle
! Commander
! Troop strength
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Jiangxi]]
|rowspan="5"|First Red Army
| 1st Legion
| Lin Biao（林彪）
| 22400
|-
| 3rd Legion
| Peng Dehuai（彭德怀）
| 19800
|-
| 5th Legion
| Dong Zhentang(董振堂)
| 12000
|-
| 8th Legion
| Zhou Kun(周昆)
| 10900
|-
| 9th Legion
| Luo Binghui(罗炳辉)
| 11500
|-
|rowspan="2"|Eastern [[Guizhou]]
| rowspan="2"|Second Red Army
| 2nd Legion
| [[He Long]](贺龙)
| 4400
|-
| 6th Legion
| Xiao Ke(萧克)
| 3300
|-
| rowspan="5"|[[Sichuan]]
| rowspan="5"|Fourth Red Army
| 4th Army
| Wang Hongkun(王宏坤)
| 20000
|-
| 9th Army
| He Wei(何畏)
| 18000
|-
| 30th Army
| Yu Tianyun(余天云)
| 16000
|-
| 31st Army
| Sun Yuqing(孙玉清)
| 16000
|-
| 33rd Army
| luo Nanhui (罗南辉)
| 10000
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[Fujian]]
| rowspan="1"|7nd Army
| 7th Legion
| Xun Huaizhou (寻淮洲)
| 6000
|-
| rowspan="1"|Eastern [[Jiangxi]]
| rowspan="1"|New 10th Army
| New 10th Army
| Liu Chouxi (刘畴西)
| 4000
|-
| rowspan="1"|Northern [[Jiangxi]]
| rowspan="1"|16th Division
| 47th regiment
| Xu Yangang (徐彦刚)
| 1500
|-
| rowspan="1"|Eastern [[Hubei]]
| rowspan="1"|25th Army
| 25th Army
| Xu Haidong (徐海东)
| 3100
|-
| rowspan="1"|Northern [[Shaanxi]]
| rowspan="1"|26th Army
| 78th Division
| Liu Zhidan (刘志丹)
| 2000
|-
| rowspan="1"|Western [[Anhui]]
| rowspan="1"|28th Army
| 82nd Division
| Gao Jingting (高敬亭)
| 1000
|}
===1936===
Most of Chinese Red Army had arrived in northern [[Shaanxi]] Province by autumn 1936. Only a minority of them stayed in southern China.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
|-
! Province
! Army
! Order of battle
! Commander
! Troop strength
|-
|rowspan="8"|Northern [[Shaanxi]]
|rowspan="3"|First Red Army
| 1st Legion
| Zuo Quan（左权）
| 10000
|-
| 15th Legion
| Xu Haidong（徐海东）
| 7000
|-
| 28th Army
| [[Song Shilun]] (宋时轮)
| 1500
|-
|rowspan="3"|Second Red Army
| 2nd Legion
| He Long (贺龙)
| 6000
|-
| 6th Legion
| Xiao Ke (萧克)
| 5000
|-
| 32nd Army
| Luo Binghui (罗炳辉)
| 2000
|-
| rowspan="2"|Fourth Red Army
| 4th Army
| Chen Zaidao (陈再道)
| 9000
|-
| 31st Army
| Wang Shusheng (王树声)
| 7000
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Gansu]]
| rowspan="3"|Western Route Army
| 5th Army
| Dong Zhentang（董振堂）
| 3000
|-
| 9th Army
| Sun Yuqing (孙玉清)
| 6500
|-
| 30th Army
| Cheng Shicai (程世才)
| 7000
|-
|rowspan="1"|Southern [[Shaanxi]]
|rowspan="1"|25th Army
| 74th Division
| Chen Xianrui（陈先瑞）
| 1400
|-
|rowspan="1"|Western [[Anhui]] and Eastern [[Hubei]]
|rowspan="1"|28th Army
| 82nd Division
| Gao Jingting (高敬亭)
| 2500
|-
|rowspan="1"|Northern [[Jiangxi]]
|rowspan="1"|16th Division
| 47th regiment
| Fang Buzhou（方步舟）
| 1200
|-
|rowspan="1"|Eastern [[Fujian]]
|rowspan="1"|Eastern Fujian Military Command
| Independent Division
| [[Ye Fei]]（叶飞）
| 1000
|-
|rowspan="1"|Northern [[Fujian]]
|rowspan="1"|Northern Fujian Military Command
| Independent Division
| Huang ligui（黄立贵）
| 3000
|-
|rowspan="1"|Southern [[Zhejiang]]
|rowspan="1"|Southern Zhejiang Military Command
| Independent Division
| [[Su Yu]]（粟裕）
| 1600
|}
== Equipment ==
| |||