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'''Chitons''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|aɪ|t|ən|z}}) are [[marine (ocean)|marine]] [[mollusc]]s of varying size in the [[class (biology)|class]] '''Polyplacophora''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|ɒ|l|i|p|l|ə|ˈ|k|ɒ|f|ər|ə}}),<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Chiton|volume=6|pages=247–251}}</ref> formerly known as '''Amphineura'''.<ref>{{ITIS |id=78807 |taxon=Polyplacophora }}</ref> About 940<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schwabe |first1=E |year=2005 |title=A catalogue of recent and fossil chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) addenda |journal=Novapex |volume=6 |pages=89–105}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stebbins |first1=T.D. |last2=Eernisse |first2=D.J. |year=2009 |title=Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) known from benthic monitoring programs in the Southern California Bight |journal=The Festivus |volume=41 |pages=53–100}}</ref> [[Extant taxon|extant]] and 430<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Puchalski |first1=S. |last2=Eernisse |first2=D.J. |last3=Johnson |first3=C.C. |year=2008 |title=The effect of sampling bias on the fossil record of chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) |journal=American Malacological Bulletin |volume=25 |pages=87–95 |doi=10.4003/0740-2783-25.1.87 |s2cid=59485784 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/241820 |access-date=4 October 2021 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726031855/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/241820 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[fossil]] species are recognized.
They are also sometimes known as '''Gumboots''' or '''sea cradles''' or '''coat-of-mail shells''', or more formally as '''loricates''', '''polyplacophorans''', and occasionally as '''polyplacophores'''.
Chitons have a shell composed of eight separate shell plates or [[Valve (mollusc)|valves]].<ref name=EB1911/> These plates overlap slightly at the front and back edges, and yet articulate well with one another. Because of this, the shell provides protection at the same time as permitting the chiton to flex upward when needed for locomotion over uneven surfaces, and even allows the animal to curl up into a ball when dislodged from rocks.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Connors |first1=M.J. |last2=Ehrlich |first2=H. |last3=Hog |first3=M. |last4=Godeffroy |first4=C. |last5=Araya |first5=S. |last6=Kallai |first6=I. |last7=Gazit |first7=D. |last8=Boyce |first8=M. |last9=Ortiz |first9=C. |year=2012 |title=Three-Dimensional Structure of the Shell Plate Assembly of the Chiton Tonicella Marmorea and Its Biomechanical Consequences |journal=Journal of Structural Biology |volume=177 |issue=2 |pages=314–328 |doi=10.1016/j.jsb.2011.12.019 |pmid=22248452}}</ref> The shell plates are encircled by a skirt known as a [[girdle (chiton)|girdle]].
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