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{{Christianity}}
{{Judaism}}
Christianity [[Jewish Christian|began as a movement]] within [[Second Temple Judaism]], but the two religions gradually [[Split of early Christianity and Judaism|diverged over the first few centuries]] of the [[Christian Era]]. Today, differences of opinion vary between denominations in both religions, but the most important distinction is
The relative importance of belief and practice constitute an important area of difference. Most forms of [[Protestantism|Protestant Christianity]] emphasize correct belief (or [[orthodoxy]]), focusing on the [[New Covenant]] as [[Mediator (Christ as Mediator)|mediated]] through [[Jesus in Christianity|Jesus]] [[Christ (title)|Christ]],<ref name="bibleverse||Hebrews|8:6|NIV">{{bibleverse||Hebrews|8:6|NIV}}</ref> as recorded in the [[New Testament]]. Judaism places emphasis on correct conduct (or [[Orthopraxy#Judaism|orthopraxy]]),<ref>{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Elizabeth |title=The Illustrated Dictionary of Culture |publisher=Lotus Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-89093-26-6 |pages= 147}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Westley |first=Miles |title=The Bibliophile's Dictionary |publisher=Writer's Digest Books |year=2005 |pages=91 |isbn=978-1-58297-356-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=McKim |first=Donald K. |title=Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=1996 |pages=197 |isbn=978-0-664-25511-4}}</ref> focusing on the [[Mosaic covenant]], as recorded in the [[Torah]] (The first five books of the Old Testament) and [[Talmud]] ( scholarly interpretations of the same). Mainstream [[Roman Catholicism]] occupies a middle position, stating the both faith and works are factors in a person's salvation. Some schools of thought within Catholicism, such as [[Franciscanism]] and [[liberation theology]], explicitly favor orthopraxy over orthodoxy. [[Praxis (Byzantine Rite)|Praxis]] is of central importance to [[Eastern Christianity]] as well, with Saint [[Maximus the Confessor]] going as far as to say that "theology without action is the theology of demons."<ref>{{cite book|author=Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians. International Conference|editor=Virginia Fabella|editor2= Sergio Torres|title=Doing Theology in a Divided World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kF4cAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Theology+without+action+is+the+theology+of+demons%22|year=1985|publisher=Orbis Books|isbn=978-0-88344-197-8|page=15}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_7VKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67 Paul W. Chilcote, ''Wesley Speaks on Christian Vocation''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215172955/https://books.google.com/books?id=_7VKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67 |date=2017-02-15 }} (Wipf and Stock 2001 {{ISBN|978-1-57910812-0}}), p. 67</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.edinburgh2010.org/fileadmin/files/edinburgh2010/files/docs/Mission%20among%20Other%20Faiths_Orthodox%20Perspective%20090820.doc|title=Mission among Other Faiths: An Orthodox Perspective|access-date=2010-12-03|archive-date=2010-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705205510/http://www.edinburgh2010.org/fileadmin/files/edinburgh2010/files/docs/Mission%20among%20Other%20Faiths_Orthodox%20Perspective%20090820.doc|url-status=live}}</ref> Christian conceptions of right practice vary (e.g., [[Catholic social teaching]] and its [[preferential option for the poor]]; the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]'s practices of [[fasting]], [[hesychasm]], and [[asceticism]]; the [[Protestant work ethic]] of [[Calvinism|Calvinists]] and others), but differ from Judaism in that they are not based on following halakha or any other interpretation of the Mosaic covenant. While more [[World Union for Progressive Judaism|liberal Jewish denominations]] may not require observance of halakha, Jewish life remains centred on individual and collective participation in an eternal dialogue with God through tradition, rituals, [[Jewish prayer|prayers]] and [[Jewish ethics|ethical actions]].
==Jewish self-identification==
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