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Christianity [[Jewish Christian|began as a movement]] within [[Second Temple Judaism]], but the two religions gradually [[Split of early Christianity and Judaism|diverged over the first few centuries]] of the [[Christian era]]. Today, differences of opinion vary between denominations in both religions, but the most important distinction is Christian acceptance and Jewish non-acceptance of [[Jesus]] as the [[Messiah]] prophesied in the [[Hebrew Bible]] and Jewish tradition. [[Early Christianity]] distinguished itself by determining that observance of [[halakha]] (Jewish law) was not necessary for non-Jewish converts to Christianity (see [[Pauline Christianity]]). Another major difference is the two religions' conceptions of God. Depending on the denomination followed, the Christian God is either believed to [[Trinity|consist of three persons of one essence]] (Father, Son and Holy Spirit), with the doctrine of the [[Incarnation (Christianity)|incarnation]] of the Son in Jesus being of special importance, or like Judaism, believes in and emphasizes the [[Shema Yisrael|Oneness of God]]. Judaism, however, rejects the Christian concept of [[God the Son|God in human form]]. While Christianity recognizes the [[Hebrew Bible]] (called the [[Old Testament]] by Christians) as part of its scriptural canon, Judaism does not recognize the Christian [[New Testament]].
The relative importance of belief and practice constitute an important area of difference. Most forms of [[Protestantism|Protestant Christianity]] emphasize correct belief (or [[orthodoxy]]), focusing on the [[New Covenant]] as [[Mediator (Christ as Mediator)|mediated]] through [[Jesus in Christianity|Jesus]] [[Christ (title)|Christ]],<ref name="bibleverse||Hebrews|8:6|NIV">{{bibleverse||Hebrews|8:6|NIV}}</ref> as recorded in the [[New Testament]]. Judaism places emphasis on correct conduct (or [[Orthopraxy#Judaism|orthopraxy]]),<ref>{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Elizabeth |title=The Illustrated Dictionary of Culture |publisher=Lotus Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-89093-26-6 |pages= 147}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Westley |first=Miles |title=The Bibliophile's Dictionary |publisher=Writer's Digest Books |year=2005 |pages=91 |isbn=978-1-58297-356-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=McKim |first=Donald K. |title=Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=1996 |pages=197 |isbn=978-0-664-25511-4}}</ref> focusing on the [[Mosaic covenant]], as recorded in the [[Torah]] and [[Talmud]]. Mainstream [[Roman Catholicism]] occupies a middle position, stating
==Jewish self-identification==
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