Charles Fox Parham: Difference between revisions

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Out of the Galena meetings, Parham gathered a group of young coworkers who would travel from town to town in "bands" proclaiming the "apostolic faith". Unlike other preachers with a holiness-oriented message, Parham encouraged his followers to dress stylishly so as to show the attractiveness of the Christian life. It was at this time in 1904 that the first frame church built specifically as a Pentecostal assembly was constructed in [[Keelville, Kansas]]. Other "apostolic faith assemblies" (Parham disliked designating local Christian bodies as "churches") were begun in the Galena area.<ref name=RestoringtheFaith54>Blumhofer 1993, p. 54.</ref> Parham's movement soon spread throughout Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma.
 
During 1906 Parham began working on a number of fronts. In Houston, Parham's ministry included conducting a Bible school around 1906. Several African Americans were influenced heavily by Parham's ministry there, including [[William J. Seymour]].<ref name=RestoringtheFaith55>Blumhofer 1993, p. 55.</ref> Both Parham and Seymour preached to Houston's African Americans, and Parham had planned to send Seymour out to preach to the black communities throughout Texas.<ref>Randall Herbert Balmer, "Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism", Baylor University Press, USA, 2004, page 619</ref> In September he also ventured to [[Zion, IL]], in an effort to win over the adherents of the discredited [[John Alexander Dowie]], although he left for good after the municipal water tower collapsed and destroyed his preaching tent. For about a year he had a following of several hundred "Parhamites", eventually led by [[John Graham Lake|John G Lake]].<ref>B. Morton, ‘The'The Devil Who Heals’Heals': Fraud and Falsification in the Evangelical Career of John G Lake, Missionary to South Africa 1908–1913," African Historical Review 44, 2 (2013): 105-6.</ref> In 1906, Parham sent [[Lucy Farrow]] (a black woman who was cook at his Houston school, who had received "the Spirit's Baptism" and felt "a burden for Los Angeles"), to Los Angeles, California, along with funds, and a few months later sent Seymour to join Farrow in the work in [[Los Angeles, California]], with funds from the school.<ref>''The Winds of God'', Ethel Goss, 1958 Word Aflame Press, pages 72-73</ref><ref>''Azusa Street and Beyond'', L. Grant McClung Jr., 1986 Bridge Publishing Inc., page 5</ref> Seymour's work in Los Angeles would eventually develop into the [[Azusa Street Revival]], which is considered by many as the birthplace of the Pentecostal movement. Seymour requested and received a license as a minister of Parham's Apostolic Faith Movement, and he initially considered his work in Los Angeles under Parham's authority.<ref name=RestoringtheFaith55>Blumhofer 1993, p. 55.</ref> However, Seymour soon broke with Parham over his harsh criticism of the emotional worship at Asuza Street and the intermingling of whites and blacks in the services.<ref name=Enrichment>Gary B. McGee, [http://enrichmentjournal.ag.org/199903/068_tongues.cfm "Tongues, The Bible Evidence: The Revival Legacy of Charles F. Parham"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919072706/http://enrichmentjournal.ag.org/199903/068_tongues.cfm |date=2017-09-19 }}, ''[http://enrichmentjournal.ag.org/ Enrichment Journal]''.</ref>
 
His commitment to racial segregation and his support of [[British Israelism]] have often led people to consider him as a racist.<ref name="RestoringtheFaith47" /> However, some have noted that Parham was the first to reach across racial lines to African Americans and Mexican Americans and included them in the young Pentecostal movement.{{By whom|date=January 2024}} He preached in black churches and invited [[Lucy Farrow]], the black woman he sent to Los Angeles, to preach at the Houston "Apostolic Faith Movement" Camp Meeting in August 1906, at which he and W. Fay Carrothers were in charge. This incident is recounted by eyewitness [[Howard A. Goss]] in his wife's book, ''The Winds of God,''<ref>''The Winds of God'', Ethel Goss, 1958 Word Aflame Press, page 97-98</ref> in which he states: "Fresh from the revival in Los Angeles, Sister [[Lucy Farrow]] returned to attend this Camp Meeting. Although a Negro, she was received as a messenger from the Lord to us, even in the deep south of Texas."<ref name=Hyatt>Eddie L. Hyatt (Fall 2004), [http://www.pneumafoundation.org/article.jsp?article=EHyatt-AcrossTheLines.xml "Across the Lines: Charles Parham's Contribution to the Inter-Racial Character of Early Pentecostalism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727180844/http://www.pneumafoundation.org/article.jsp?article=EHyatt-AcrossTheLines.xml |date=2011-07-27 }}, ''Pneuma Review''.</ref> Nonetheless, Parham was a sympathizer for the [[Ku Klux Klan]] and even preached for them.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hollenweger |first1=Walter J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5H2xCwAAQBAJ&q=Klan |title=The Black Roots and White Racism of Early Pentecostalism in the USA |last2=MacRobert |first2=Iain |date=1988-10-10 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-19488-9 |pages=XII; 62 |language=en |quote=Parham (1873-1929), often described as a pioneer of pentecostalism, was also a sympathizer of the Ku Klux Klan and therefore he excluded Seymour from his Bible classes. Seymour was only allowed to listen outside the classroom.....when Parham arrived back in Texas he was charged with homosexuality and subsequently went off to look for Noah's Ark. During the mid 1920s he was writing for a racist, antiSemitic periodical and preached for the notorious Ku Klux Klan...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grady |first=J. Lee |title=Pentecostals Renounce Racism |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/1994/december12/4te058.html |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=ChristianityToday.com |language=en |quote=The "father of American Pentecostalism," Charles Parham, continued to endorse the Ku Klux Klan as late as 1927, Robeck said.}}</ref>