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'''Cinco de Mayo''' ({{IPA-es|ˈsiŋko ðe ˈmaʝo|pron}} in Mexico, [[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "Fifth of May") is a yearly celebration held on May 5 to celebrate [[Second Federal Republic of Mexico|Mexico's]] victory over the [[Second French Empire]] at the [[Battle of Puebla]] in 1862,<ref name="NatGeo">{{Cite news |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/05/0505_060505_cinco_de_mayo.html |work=[[National Geographic News]] |title=Cinco de Mayo, From Mexican Fiesta to Popular U.S. Holiday |first=Stefan |last=Lovgren |date=May 5, 2006}}</ref><ref name="Congress.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/2009/05/04/house-section/article/H5069-8|title=Recognizing the Significance of Cinco de Mayo|date=May 4, 2009|website=Congress.gov|publisher=House of Representatives|access-date=May 1, 2017}}</ref> led by General [[Ignacio Zaragoza]]. The victory over the French army was a morale boost for the Mexicans. Zaragoza died months after the battle from an illness, and a larger French force ultimately defeated the Mexican army at a Second Battle of Puebla and occupied Mexico City. However, following the end of the American Civil War in 1865, the United States began lending money and guns to Mexican liberals, pushing France and Mexican Conservatives to the edge of defeat. At the opening of the French chambers in January 1866, [[Napoleon III]] announced that he would withdraw French troops from Mexico. In reply to a French request for American neutrality, the American secretary of state [[William H. Seward]] replied that French withdrawal from Mexico should be unconditional.
More popular in the [[United States]] than Mexico,<ref name="go">{{cite web| url= http://gomexico.about.com/od/festivalsholidays/p/cinco_de_mayo.htm | website=About.com| title= Cinco de Mayo has become a day for celebrating Mexican culture in the United States, and celebrations there easily outshine those in Mexico| access-date= May 8, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why is Cinco de Mayo More Popular in America Than in Mexico?|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/05/04/why-is-cinco-de-mayo-more-popular-in-america-than-in-mexico|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=May 5, 2018}}</ref> Cinco de Mayo has become associated with the celebration of [[Mexican-American]] culture.<ref name="mn">{{cite news| url= http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2003/05/05/38887 |date= May 5, 2003| title= University community celebrates Cinco de Mayo| first= Jens |last= Krogstad| work= The Minnesota Daily| publisher= University of Minnesota| access-date= April 25, 2016| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071118214433/http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2003/05/05/38887| archive-date= November 18, 2007| quote= Today, the holiday is celebrated more in the United States than in Mexico}}</ref><ref name="clnet"/><ref name="MexCon">{{Cite news|work=Deseret News|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,660217535,00.html|title=Cinco de Mayo celebrations run all weekend|access-date=May 8, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930193228/http://www.deseretnews.com/dn/view/0%2C1249%2C660217535%2C00.html|archive-date=September 30, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Celebrations began in [[California]], where they have been observed annually since 1863. The day gained nationwide popularity beyond those of Mexican-American heritage in the 1980s due to advertising campaigns by beer, wine, and tequila companies; today, Cinco de Mayo generates beer sales on par with the [[Super Bowl]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=What Is Cinco de Mayo?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/05/business/cinco-de-mayo-facts-history.html|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 6, 2018|date=May 5, 2018}}</ref> In Mexico, the commemoration of the battle continues to be mostly ceremonial, such as through military parades or battle reenactments. The city of [[Puebla (city)|Puebla]] marks the event with various festivals and reenactments of the battle.
Cinco de Mayo is sometimes mistaken for [[Cry of Dolores|Mexico's Independence Day]]—the most important national holiday in Mexico—which is celebrated on September 16, commemorating the [[Cry of Dolores]] in 1810, which initiated the war of Mexican independence from Spain.<ref name="NatGeo"/><ref name=DN>{{cite web |url=http://news.discovery.com/history/cinco-de-mayo-not-mexicos-independence-day.html |title=Cinco de Mayo: NOT Mexico's Independence Day |author=Lauren Effron |website=[[Discovery Channel]] |date=May 5, 2010 |access-date=May 5, 2011 }}</ref> Cinco de Mayo has been referenced and featured in entertainment media, and has become an increasingly global celebration of Mexican culture, cuisine, and heritage.
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