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Line 83: {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal\|title=American Coal-Ball Floras\|last=Andrews\|first=Henry N., Jr\|journal=Botanical Review\|year=1951\|volume=17\|issue=6\|pages=431–469\|jstor=4353462\|doi=10.1007/BF02879039 \|s2cid=28942723}} * {{cite journal \| title = Coal Balls – A Key to the Past \| journal = [[The Scientific Monthly]] \| date = April 1946 \| first = Henry N. \| last = Andrews \| volume = 62 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 327–334\| jstor = 18958\|bibcode = 1946SciMo..62..327A }} * {{cite journal \| title = Coal Balls: New Discoveries in Plant Petrifactions from Kansas Coal Beds \| journal = [[Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science]] \| date = December 1951 \| first = Robert W. \| last = Baxter \| volume = 54 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 526–535\| jstor = 3626215\| doi=10.2307/3626215}} Line 89: * {{cite book\|last1=Darrah\|first1=William Culp\|last2=Lyons\|first2=Paul C.\|title=Historical Perspective of Early Twentieth Century Carboniferous Paleobotany in North America\|year=1995\|publisher=[[Geological Society of America]]\|location=United States of America\|isbn=978-0-8137-1185-0}} * {{cite journal \| title= Formation and distribution of coal balls in the Herrin Coal (Pennsylvanian), Franklin County, Illinois Basin, USA\|last=Demaris\|first=Phillip J. \|journal=[[Journal of the Geological Society]] \| date = January 2000\|volume = 157 \|issue=1\| pages = 221–228\| doi = 10.1144/jgs.157.1.221\|bibcode=2000JGSoc.157..221D\|s2cid=129037655}} * {{cite journal\|title=An Example of the Origin of Coal-Balls\|journal=Proceedings of the Geologists' Association\|volume=72\|issue=4\|last1=Evans\|first1=W. D.\|last2=Amos\|first2=Dewey H.\|date=February 1961\|doi=10.1016/S0016-7878(61)80038-2\|~~pages~~page=445 }} * {{cite journal \|last=Feliciano \|first=José Maria \|title=The Relation of Concretions to Coal Seams \|journal=The Journal of Geology \|date=1 May 1924 \|volume=32 \|issue=3 \|doi=10.1086/623086 \|pages=230–239 \|bibcode=1924JG.....32..230F \|jstor=30059936\|s2cid=128663837 }} * {{cite journal \| title = Making Coal Ball Peels to Study Fossil Plants \| journal = The American Biology Teacher \| date = February 1986 \| first1 = Mark L. \| last1 = Gabel \| last2=Dyche \| first2= Steven E. \| volume = 48 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 99–101\| doi = 10.2307/4448216 \| jstor=4448216}} Line 97: * <!--Per page xii, references to this work are preferred to be made in this manner:-->{{cite book \| last1 = Jones \| first1 = T. P. \| last2 = Rowe \| first2 = N. P. \| title = Fossil plants and spores: modern techniques \| publisher = Geological Society \| year = 1999 \| location = London \| isbn = 978-1-86239-035-5}} * {{cite journal\|title=Concerning "Lake Balls," "Cladophora Balls" and "Coal Balls"\|last=Kindle\|first=E. M.\|journal=[[American Midland Naturalist]]\|volume=15\|issue=6\|date=November 1934\|jstor=2419894\|pages=752–760\|doi=10.2307/2419894 }} * {{cite web \|url=http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/about-isgs/heritage/noe.shtml \|title=ISGS – Our Heritage – A Memorial: Adolf C. Noé \|publisher=University of Illinois Board of Trustees \|date=16 May 2011 \|last1=Leighton \|first1=Morris W. \|last2=Peppers \|first2=Russel A. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204130445/http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/about-isgs/heritage/noe.shtml \|archive-date=4 December 2008 ~~\|url-status=dead~~ }} * {{cite journal\|last=Lomax\|first=James\|year=1903\|title=On the occurrence of the nodular concretions (coal balls) in the lower coal measures\|journal=Report of the Annual Meeting\|volume=72\|pages=811–812\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qdsUAAAAYAAJ}} {{PD-notice}} * {{cite journal\|title=Coalification of organic matter in coal balls of the Pennsylvanian (upper Carboniferous) of the Illinois Basin, United States\|journal=Organic Geochemistry\|volume=5\|issue=4\|pages=227–239\|year=1984\|last1=Lyons\|first1=Paul C.\|last2=Thompson\|first2=Carolyn L.\|last3=Hatcher\|first3=Patrick G.\|last4=Brown\|first4=Floyd W.\|last5=Millay\|first5=Michael A.\|last6=Szeverenyi\|first6=Nikolaus\|last7=Maciel\|first7=Gary E.\|ref={{harvid\|Lyons et al.\|1984}}\|doi=10.1016/0146-6380(84)90010-X }} * {{cite journal\|last1=Mamay\|first1=Sergius H.\|last2=Yochelson\|first2=Ellis L.\|year=1962\|title=Occurrence and significance of marine animal remains in American coal balls\|journal=Shorter Contributions to General Geology\|pages=193–224\|id={{Google books\|yCYlAQAAIAAJ\|Geological Survey Professional Paper, Volume 354}}}} * {{cite journal\|url=http://library.isgs.uiuc.edu/Pubs/pdfs/circulars/c530.pdf\|title=Geologic disturbances in Illinois coal seams\|publisher=Illinois State Geological Survey\|volume=530\|first=W. John\|last=Nelson\|year=1983\|access-date=19 January 2012\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417075834/http://library.isgs.uiuc.edu/Pubs/pdfs/circulars/c530.pdf\|archive-date=17 April 2012~~\|url-status=dead~~}} * {{cite journal \| title = A Paleozoic Angiosperm \| journal = The Journal of Geology \| date = June 1923b \| first = Adolph C. \| last = Noé \| volume = 31 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 344–347\| jstor = 30078443 \| doi = 10.1086/623025 \| bibcode = 1923JG.....31..344N\| s2cid = 129159972 }} * {{cite journal \| title = Coal Balls \| journal = [[Science (journal)\|Science]] \| date = 30 March 1923a \| first = Adolph C. \| last = Noé \| volume = 57 \| issue = 1474 \| ~~pages~~page = 385\| jstor=1648633 \| pmid=17748916 \| doi=10.1126/science.57.1474.385\|bibcode = 1923Sci....57..385N }} * {{cite web\|url=http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/3746/3/paleo.paper.082op.pdf\|title=Textures and Conditions of Formation of Middle Pennsylvanian Coal Balls, Central United States\|last=Perkins\|first=Thomas\|year=1976\|publisher=[[University of Kansas]]\|access-date=16 July 2011}} * {{cite web\|url=http://library.isgs.uiuc.edu/Pubs/pdfs/ges/es11.pdf\|title=Fossil Peats from the Illinois Basin: A guide to the study of coal balls of Pennsylvanian age\|last1=Phillips\|first1=Tom\|last2=Avcin\|first2=Matthew J.\|last3=Berggren\|first3=Dwain\|work=[[University of Illinois]]\|year=1976\|access-date=16 July 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009122255/http://library.isgs.uiuc.edu/Pubs/pdfs/ges/es11.pdf\|archive-date=9 October 2011~~\|url-status=dead~~}} * {{cite web \|url=http://www.life.illinois.edu/plantbio/People/Faculty/Phillips.htm \|title=T L 'Tommy' Phillips, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois \|last=Phillips \|first=Tom L. \|publisher=University of Illinois \|access-date=31 July 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727023325/http://www.life.illinois.edu/plantbio/People/Faculty/Phillips.htm \|archive-date=27 July 2011 ~~\|url-status=dead~~ }} * {{cite journal \| url = http://library.isgs.uiuc.edu/Pubs/pdfs/circulars/c480.pdf \| title = Development of Paleobotany in the Illinois Basin \| access-date = 15 September 2011 \| last1 = Phillips \| first1 = Tom L. \| last2 = Pfefferkorn \| first2 = Herman L. \| last3 = Peppers \| first3 = Russel A. \| year = 1973 \| publisher = Illinois State Geological Survey ~~\| url-status = dead~~ \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120326144058/http://library.isgs.uiuc.edu/Pubs/pdfs/circulars/c480.pdf \| archive-date = 26 March 2012 ~~\| df = dmy-all~~ \| doi = 10.5962/bhl.title.61485 \| hdl = 2142/43012 \| hdl-access = free }} * {{cite journal \| title = Changing patterns of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation and implications of climatic control on coal occurrence \| journal = International Journal of Coal Geology \| date = February 1984 \| first1 = Tom L. \| last1 = Phillips \| last2=Peppers\|first2= Russel A. \| volume = 3 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 205–255\| doi = 10.1016/0166-5162(84)90019-3 }} * {{cite journal\|url=http://digirep.rhul.ac.uk/file/c58e6257-7af3-2f87-0eeb-c9c521ae0dbb/1/38ScottandRex.pdf\|title=The formation and significance of Carboniferous coal balls\|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]]\|last1=Scott\|first1=Andrew C.\|last2=Rex\|first2=G.M.\|year=1985\|access-date=15 July 2011\|volume=B 311\|pages=123–137\|jstor=2396976\|issue=1148\|doi=10.1098/rstb.1985.0144 \|bibcode = 1985RSPTB.311..123S }} Line 113: * {{cite book\|last=Seward\|first=Albert Charles\|title=Fossil plants: a text-book for students of botany and geology\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271130\|year=1898\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271130/page/n103 84]–87}} {{PD-notice}} * {{cite journal\|last1=Stopes\|first1=Marie C.\|author-link=Marie Stopes\|last2=Watson\|first2=David M. S.\|author-link2=D. M. S. Watson\|year=1909\|title=On the Present Distribution and Origin of the Calcareous Concretions in Coal Seams, Known as 'Coal Balls'\|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society\|volume=200\|pages=167–218\|jstor=91931\|bibcode=1909RSPTB.200..167S\|doi=10.1098/rstb.1909.0005\|issue=262–273 \|doi-access=free}} * {{cite web \|url=http://paleobiology.si.edu/paleoart/techniques/pages/reconstuct9.htm \|title=NMNH Paleobiology: Illustration Techniques \|work=paleobiology.si.edu \|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] \|year=2007 \|access-date=9 August 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826114828/http://paleobiology.si.edu/paleoart/techniques/pages/reconstuct9.htm \|archive-date=26 August 2011 ~~\|url-status=dead~~ \|ref={{Harvid\|Smithsonian Institution\|2007}} }} * {{cite web \|url=http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/mrl/centralfacilities/xray/xray-basics/index.html#x2 \|title=Materials Research Lab – Introduction to X-ray Diffraction \|work=Materials Research Lab \|publisher=[[University of Santa Barbara, California]] \|year=2011 \|access-date=25 August 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811110503/http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/mrl/centralfacilities/xray/xray-basics/index.html \|archive-date=11 August 2011 ~~\|url-status=dead~~ \|ref={{harvid\|University of Santa Barbara, California\|2011}} }} * {{cite news\|title=Ore Deposits Under Study – Chicago University professor to engage in research work\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xvFPAAAAIBAJ&dq=coal+balls&pg=3547%2C4532691\|access-date=1 September 2011\|newspaper=[[Evening Independent]]\|date=19 June 1923\|page=13\|ref={{Harvid\|Evening Independent\|1923}} }} * {{cite web\|title=Paleobotany \|url=https://www.cmnh.org/site/researchandcollections/Paleobotany.aspx \|publisher=[[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]] \|access-date=10 September 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812211835/http://www.cmnh.org/site/ResearchandCollections/Paleobotany.aspx \|archive-date=12 August 2011 \|url-status=bot: unknown \|ref={{Harvid\|Cleveland Museum of Natural History}} }} Line 122: * {{cite journal\|title=Contributions to Our Knowledge of American Carboniferous Floras\|last=Andrews\|first=Henry N.\|journal=[[Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden]]\|issue=1\|date=February 1942\|pages=1–12, 14, 16, 18 \|jstor=2394237\|volume=29\|doi=10.2307/2394237 \|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/17000}} * {{cite book\|title=The Fossil Hunters: In Search of Ancient Plants\|last=Andrews\|first=Henry N.\|year=1980\|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]\|isbn=978-0-8014-1248-6\|oclc=251684423}} * {{cite journal \| title = Mineralogy and origin of coal balls \| journal = Geological Society of America North Central and South Central Section \| year = 1995 \| first = Henry L \| last = Barwood \| ~~pages~~page = 37}} * {{cite journal\|title=Formation of Coal Seams\|series=Coal Age\|volume= 21\|pages=699–701\|editor-last=Beard\|editor-first=James T.\|publisher=McGraw-Hill\|year=1922 }} {{PD-notice}} * {{cite book\|title=The Wyoming Valley, upper waters of the Susquehanna, and the Lackawanna coal-region: including views of the natural scenery of northern Pennsylvania : from the Indian occupancy to the year 1875\|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924095270843\|editor-last=Clark\|editor-first=James Albert\|year=1875\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924095270843/page/n349 236]\|id={{Google books\|VQiU4W7x8X4C\|The Wyoming Valley, upper waters of the Susquehanna, and the Lackawanna coal-region: including views of the natural scenery of northern Pennsylvania : from the Indian occupancy to the year 1875}}}} {{PD-notice}} * {{cite book\|title=The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge\|editor-last=Ripley\|editor-first=George\|editor2-last=Dana\|editor2-first=Charles A.\|publisher=Appleton\|year=1873\|last=Conant\|first=Blandina\|volume=4\|id={{Google books\|aZhRAAAAYAAJ\|The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 4}}}} {{PD-notice}} * {{cite journal\|last1=DiMichele\|first1=William A.\|last2=Phillips\|first2=Tom L.\|year=1988\|title=Paleoecology of the Middle Pennsylvanian-Age Herrin Coal Swamp (Illinois) Near a Contemporaneous River System, the Walshville Paleochannel\|journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology \|volume=56\|issue=1–2\|pages=151–176\|hdl=10088/7152\|doi=10.1016/0034-6667(88)90080-2}} Line 130: * {{cite journal\|title=The Mode of Origin of Coal\|last=Jeffrey\|first=Edward C.\|journal=The Journal of Geology\|year=1915 \|volume=23\|pages=218–230\|id={{Google books\|kX3zAAAAMAAJ\|The Journal of Geology, volume 23}}\|doi=10.1086/622227\|issue=3\|bibcode=1915JG.....23..218J \|doi-access=free}} {{PD-notice}} * {{cite book\|title=Taphonomy: a process approach\|year=1999\|last1=Martin\|first1=Robert E.\|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]\|edition=Illustrated\|isbn=978-0-521-59833-0}} * {{cite web \|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/paleo/fossils/permin.html \|title=Fossils – Window To The Past (Permineralisation) \|access-date=8 July 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531184810/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/paleo/fossils/permin.html \|archive-date=31 May 2013 ~~\|url-status=dead~~ }} [[Category:Carboniferous geology]]

Coal ball: Difference between revisions