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* <!--Per page xii, references to this work are preferred to be made in this manner:-->{{cite book | last1 = Jones | first1 = T. P. | last2 = Rowe | first2 = N. P. | title = Fossil plants and spores: modern techniques | publisher = Geological Society | year = 1999 | location = London | isbn = 978-1-86239-035-5|ref=harv }}
* {{cite journal|title=Concerning "Lake Balls," "Cladophora Balls" and "Coal Balls"|last=Kindle|first=E. M.|publisher=[[University of Notre Dame]]|journal=[[American Midland Naturalist]]|volume=15|issue=6|date=November 1934|jstor=2419894|ref=harv|pages=752–760|doi=10.2307/2419894 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/about-isgs/heritage/noe.shtml |title=ISGS – Our Heritage – A Memorial: Adolf C. Noé |publisher=University of Illinois Board of Trustees |date=16 May 2011 |last=Leighton |first=Morris W. |last2=Peppers |first2=Russel A. |ref={{harvid|Leighton|Peppers|2011}} |archiveurl=
* {{cite journal|last=Lomax|first=James|year=1903|title=On the occurrence of the nodular concretions (coal balls) in the lower coal measures|journal=Report of the annual meeting|publisher=[[British Association for the Advancement of Science]]|volume=72|pages=811–812|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qdsUAAAAYAAJ|ref=harv }} {{PD-notice}}
* {{cite journal|title=Coalification of organic matter in coal balls of the Pennsylvanian (upper Carboniferous) of the Illinois Basin, United States|journal=Organic Geochemistry|volume=5|issue=4|pages=227–239|year=1984|publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]|last1=Lyons|first1=Paul C.|last2=Thompson|first2=Carolyn L.|last3=Hatcher|first3=Patrick G.|last4=Brown|first4=Floyd W.|last5=Millay|first5=Michael A.|last6=Szeverenyi|first6=Nikolaus|last7=Maciel|first7=Gary E.|ref={{harvid|Lyons et al.|1984}}|doi=10.1016/0146-6380(84)90010-X }}
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* {{cite web|url=http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/3746/3/paleo.paper.082op.pdf|title=Textures and Conditions of Formation of Middle Pennsylvanian Coal Balls, Central United States|last=Perkins|first=Thomas|year=1976|publisher=[[University of Kansas]]|accessdate=16 July 2011|ref=harv }}
* {{cite web|url=http://library.isgs.uiuc.edu/Pubs/pdfs/ges/es11.pdf|title=Fossil Peats from the Illinois Basin: A guide to the study of coal balls of Pennsylvanian age|last=Phillips|first=Tom|last2=Avcin|first2=Matthew J.|last3=Berggren|first3=Dwain|work=[[University of Illinois]]|year=1976|accessdate=16 July 2011|ref=harv }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.life.illinois.edu/plantbio/People/Faculty/Phillips.htm |title=T L 'Tommy' Phillips, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois |last=Phillips |first=Tom L. |publisher=University of Illinois |accessdate=31 July 2011 |archiveurl=
* {{cite web | url = http://library.isgs.uiuc.edu/Pubs/pdfs/circulars/c480.pdf | title = Development of Paleobotany in the Illinois Basin | accessdate = 15 September 2011 | last = Phillips | first = Tom L. | last2 = Pfefferkorn | first2 = Herman L. | last3 = Peppers | first3 = Russel A. | year = 1973 | format = PDF | publisher = Illinois State Geological Survey | ref = harv | deadurl = yes | archiveurl =
* {{cite journal | title = Changing patterns of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation and implications of climatic control on coal occurrence | journal = International Journal of Coal Geology | date = February 1984 | first = Tom L. | last = Phillips | last2=Peppers|first2= Russel A. | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 205–255|ref=harv | doi = 10.1016/0166-5162(84)90019-3 }}
* {{cite journal|url=http://digirep.rhul.ac.uk/file/c58e6257-7af3-2f87-0eeb-c9c521ae0dbb/1/38ScottandRex.pdf|title=The formation and significance of Carboniferous coal balls|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]]|last=Scott|first=Andrew C.|last2=Rex|first2=G.M.|year=1985|accessdate=15 July 2011|volume=B 311|pages=123–137|jstor=2396976|ref=harv|issue=1148|doi=10.1098/rstb.1985.0144 |bibcode = 1985RSPTB.311..123S }}
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* {{cite book|last=Seward|first=Albert Charles|title=Fossil plants: a text-book for students of botany and geology|year=1898|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=84–87|ref=harv }} {{PD-notice}}
* {{cite journal|last=Stopes|first=Marie C.|authorlink=Marie Stopes|last2=Watson|first2=David M. S.|authorlink2=D. M. S. Watson|year=1909|title=On the Present Distribution and Origin of the Calcareous Concretions in Coal Seams, Known as 'Coal Balls'|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society|publisher=Royal Society|location=Britain|volume=200|pages=167–218|jstor=91931|bibcode=1909RSPTB.200..167S|ref=harv|doi=10.1098/rstb.1909.0005|issue=262–273 }}
* {{cite web|url=http://paleobiology.si.edu/paleoart/techniques/pages/reconstuct9.htm |title=NMNH Paleobiology: Illustration Techniques |work=paleobiology.si.edu |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |year=2007 |accessdate=9 August 2011 |archiveurl=
* {{cite web |url=http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/mrl/centralfacilities/xray/xray-basics/index.html#x2 |title=Materials Research Lab – Introduction to X-ray Diffraction |work=Materials Research Lab |publisher=[[University of Santa Barbara, California]] |year=2011 |accessdate=25 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61DXItxK1?url=http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/mrl/centralfacilities/xray/xray-basics/index.html |archivedate=26 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |ref={{harvid|University of Santa Barbara, California|2011}} |df=dmy }}
* {{cite news|title=Ore Deposits Under Study – Chicago University professor to engage in research work|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xvFPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zFQDAAAAIBAJ&dq=coal+balls&pg=3547%2C4532691|accessdate=1 September 2011|newspaper=[[Evening Independent]]|date=19 June 1923|page=13|ref={{Harvid|Evening Independent|1923}} }}
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* {{cite journal|title=The Mode of Origin of Coal|last=Jeffrey|first=Edward C.|journal=The Journal of Geology|year=1915 |volume=23|pages=218–230|id={{Google books|kX3zAAAAMAAJ|The Journal of Geology, volume 23}}|ref=harv|doi=10.1086/622227|issue=3|bibcode=1915JG.....23..218J }} {{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book|title=Taphonomy: a process approach|year=1999|last1=Martin|first1=Robert E.|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|edition=Illustrated|isbn=978-0-521-59833-0|ref=harv }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/paleo/fossils/permin.html |title=Fossils – Window To The Past (Permineralisation) |accessdate=8 July 2011 |archiveurl=
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