Counterurbanization: Difference between revisions

'''Counterurbanization''', or '''deurbanization''', is a [[demographic]] and [[social]] process wherebyin which people move from [[urban area]]s to [[rural area]]s. It is, likeas [[suburbanization]], is inversely related to [[urbanization]]., Itand first occurredoccurs as a reaction to inner-city deprivation.<ref>{{Cite journal| url=http://ann.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/451/1/13| doi=10.1177/000271628045100103| title=Urbanization and Counterurbanization in the United States| journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science| volume=451| pages=13–20| year=1980| last1=Berry| first1=Brian J.L.| s2cid=145710851| access-date=2009-05-01| archive-date=2008-09-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924164450/http://ann.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/451/1/13| url-status=dead}}</ref> More recentRecent research has documented the social and political drivers of counterurbanization and its impacts in developingChina countriesand suchother asdeveloping China,countries which are currently undergoing thea process of mass urbanization.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1177/1466138110370412|title=Chinese consumers: The Romantic reappraisal|year=2010|last1=Griffiths|first1=Michael B.|last2=Chapman|first2=Malcolm|last3=Christiansen|first3=Flemming|journal=Ethnography|volume=11|issue=3|pages=331–357|s2cid=144152261}}</ref> ItCounterurbanization is one of the causes that can lead to [[shrinking cities]].

Clare J.A. Mitchell believes the phenomenon of counterurbanization to be reflective of values and ideology in people's preferred living style thus taking into consideration not only distances traveled from the urban area but the motivations. Mitchell uses the term “ex-urbanization” that is used in reference to the phenomenon that people reside in the outside perimeters of an urban city but remain closely involved through their social networks and jobs, and the term "ex-urbanites" in reference to those people. Ex-urbanites typically still enjoy the benefits of modern infrastructure. Another term concerning differing motives for traveling or moving away from the city is people who are forced out of the city due to factors such as: the inability to find work, the increased cost of living, or dissatisfaction and/or conflicts with the [[culture]] of urban society. This phenomenon is “displaced-urbanization”. Finally, there are those who participate in “anti-urbanization”. Typically these people are motivated by a sort of rejection concerning the urban lifestyle and consumer culture. Anti-urbanization is an escape for those to choose to leave and forgo the lifestyle and culture of the city. The decisive decision to move away from the city for this type of Counterurbanizationcounterurbanization is usually a step toward spiritual growth and rejection of materialism.<ref name="MakingSense"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nefedova |last2=Pokrovskii |last3=Treivish |first1=T.G. |first2=N.E. |first3=A.I.|title=Urbanization, Counterurbanization, and Rural-Urban Communities Facing Growing Horizontal Mobility|journal=Sociological Research|volume=55|issue=3|pages=195–210|doi=10.1080/10610154.2016.1245570|year=2016|s2cid=152201869}}</ref> A 2004 study of 4.4 million Swedish residents found that people who live in cities have a 20% increased chance of developing depression.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rautio |first=Nina |last2=Filatova |first2=Svetlana |last3=Lehtiniemi |first3=Heli |last4=Miettunen |first4=Jouko |date=February 2018 |title=Living environment and its relationship to depressive mood: A systematic review |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020764017744582 |journal=International Journal of Social Psychiatry |language=en |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=92–103 |doi=10.1177/0020764017744582 |issn=0020-7640|doi-access=free }}</ref>{{dubious|date=November 2023}}