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In medieval Europe, [[Thomas Aquinas]] accepted Aristotle's view<ref>{{cite book|first=Thomas|last=Aquinas|title=Commentaria in libros Aristotelis De caelo et Mundo|at=Lib II, cap XIV}} trans in {{cite book|title=A Source Book in Medieval Science|editor-first=Edward|editor-last=Grant|year=1974|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]}} pages 496–500</ref> and so, reluctantly, did [[John Buridan]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Quaestiones super libris quattuo De Caelo et mundo|first=John|last=Buridan|year=1942|pages=226–232}} in {{harvnb|Grant|1974|pp=500–503}}</ref> and [[Nicole Oresme]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Le livre du ciel et du monde|first=Nicole|last=Oresme|pages=519–539}} in {{harvnb|Grant|1974|pp=503–510}}</ref> in the fourteenth century. Not until [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] in 1543 adopted a [[Heliocentrism|heliocentric]] world system did the contemporary understanding of Earth's rotation begin to be established. Copernicus pointed out that if the movement of Earth is violent, then the movement of the stars must be very much more so. He acknowledged the contribution of the Pythagoreans and pointed to examples of relative motion. For Copernicus this was the first step in establishing the simpler pattern of planets circling a central Sun.<ref>{{cite book|first=Nicolas|last=Copernicus|title=On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres|at=Book I, Chap 5–8}}</ref>
[[Tycho Brahe]], who produced accurate observations on which [[Johannes Kepler|Kepler]] based his [[Kepler's laws of planetary motion|laws of planetary motion]], used Copernicus's work as the basis of a [[Tychonic system|system]] assuming a stationary Earth. In 1600, [[William Gilbert (physician)|William Gilbert]] strongly supported Earth's rotation in his treatise on Earth's magnetism<ref>{{cite book|first=William|last=Gilbert|title=De Magnete, On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on the Great Magnet the Earth|pages=313–347|url=https://archive.org/stream/williamgilbertof00gilb#page/316 |publisher=New York, J. Wiley & sons|year=1893}}</ref> and thereby influenced many of his contemporaries.<ref name = "Russell1972">{{cite book|title=The Reception of Copernicus' Heliocentric Theory|editor= J. Dobrzycki|first=John L|last=Russell| chapter=Copernican System in Great Britain|year= 1972|publisher= Springer|isbn= 9789027703118|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAWp34_GYLAC&pg=PA208}}</ref>{{rp|208}} Those like Gilbert who did not openly support or reject the motion of Earth about the Sun are called "semi-Copernicans".<ref name = "Russell1972"/>{{rp|221}} A century after Copernicus, [[Riccioli]] disputed the model of a rotating Earth due to the lack of then-observable eastward deflections in falling bodies;<ref>[[Almagestum novum]], chapter nine, cited in {{cite journal|title=126 arguments concerning the motion of the earth. GIOVANNI BATTISTA RICCIOLI in his 1651 ALMAGESTUM NOVUM|first=Christopher M.|last=Graney|year=2012|journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy|at=volume 43, pages 215–226|arxiv = 1103.2057}}</ref> such deflections would later be called the [[Coriolis effect]]. However, the contributions of Kepler, [[Galileo]] and [[Isaac Newton|Newton]] gathered support for the theory of the rotation of Earth.
===Empirical tests===
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