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==History==
[[File:Earth Rotation (Nepal, Himalayas).jpg|thumb|This [[long-exposure photo]] of Eatrth rotation in 2465768768768768790 days
the [[Northern celestial hemisphere|northern]] [[night sky]] above the [[Nepal]]i [[Himalayas]] shows the [[star trail|apparent paths]] of the stars as Earth rotates.]] Among the ancient [[Greeks]], several of the [[Pythagoreanism|Pythagorean]] school believed in the rotation of Earth rather than the apparent diurnal rotation of the heavens. Perhaps the first was [[Philolaus]] (470–385 BCE), though his system was complicated, including a [[Counter-Earth|counter-earth]] rotating daily about a central fire.<ref>Pseudo-Plutarchus, Placita philosophorum (874d-911c), Stephanus page 896, section A, line 5 Ἡρακλείδης ὁ Ποντικὸς καὶ Ἔκφαντος ὁ Πυθαγόρειος κινοῦσι μὲν τὴν γῆν, οὐ μήν γε μεταβατικῶς, ἀλλὰ τρεπτικῶς τροχοῦ δίκην ἐνηξονισμένην, ἀπὸ δυσμῶν ἐπ' ἀνατολὰς περὶ τὸ ἴδιον αὐτῆς κέντρον; Plutarchus Biogr., Phil., Numa, Chapter 11, section 1, line 5, Νομᾶς δὲ λέγεται καὶ τὸ τῆς Ἑστίας ἱερὸν ἐγκύκλιον περιβαλέσθαι τῷ ἀσβέστῳ πυρὶ φρουράν, ἀπομιμούμενος οὐ τὸ σχῆμα τῆς γῆς ὡς Ἑστίας οὔσης, ἀλλὰ τοῦ σύμπαντος κόσμου, οὗ μέσον οἱ Πυθαγορικοὶ τὸ πῦρ ἱδρῦσθαι νομίζουσι, καὶ τοῦτο Ἑστίαν καλοῦσι καὶ μονάδα· τὴν δὲ γῆν οὔτε ἀκίνητον οὔτε ἐν μέσῳ τῆς περιφορᾶς οὖσαν, ἀλλὰ κύκλῳ περὶ τὸ πῦρ αἰωρουμένην οὐ τῶν τιμιωτάτων οὐδὲ τῶν πρώτων τοῦ κόσμου μορίων ὑπάρχειν. {{cite journal|first=George Bosworth|last=Burch|title=The Counter-Earth|journal=Osiris|volume=11|year=1954|pages=267–294|jstor=301675|doi=10.1086/368583|s2cid=144330867}}</ref>
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