Equatorial bulge: Difference between revisions

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}}</ref> They depend on the orientation of the Earth's symmetry axis in the inertial space, and, in the general case, affect ''all'' the Keplerian [[orbital elements]] with the exception of the [[semimajor axis]]. If the reference ''z'' axis of the coordinate system adopted is aligned along the Earth's symmetry axis, then only the [[longitude of the ascending node]] Ω, the [[argument of pericenter]] ω and the [[mean anomaly]] ''M'' undergo secular precessions.<ref>{{cite journal