DTS (company): Difference between revisions

| type = [[Subsidiary ]]

| foundation = October{{start date and age|1990|10|}} (as Digital Theater Systems, Inc.)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Digital Theater Systems, Inc. Final Prospectus|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1226308/000095014803002770/v94004be424b4.htm|access-date=2021-04-26|website=www.sec.gov}}</ref>

'''DTS, Inc.''' (originally '''Digital Theater Systems''') is an American company, . DTS company makes [[surround sound|multichannel audio]] technologies for [[film]] and [[video]]. Based in [[Calabasas, California]], the company introduced its DTS technology in 1993 as a competitor to [[Dolby Laboratories]], incorporating DTS in the film ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharkey |first1=Jack |title=A Brief History of Surround Sound |url=https://www.kefdirect.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-surround-sound |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111133700/https://www.kefdirect.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-surround-sound |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 11, 2018 |website=Kefdirect.com |publisher=Kef |access-date=November 11, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Garber |first=David |title=Jon Kirchner: Delivering the Sonic Goods |url=https://csq.com/2015/01/jon-kirchner-dts-delivering-the-sonic-goods/ |magazine=CSQ}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Rothman |first=Matt |title=Sound future arrives aboard a dinosaur |url=https://variety.com/1993/film/news/sound-future-arrives-aboard-a-dinosaur-107149/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=May 25, 1993}}</ref> The DTS product is used in [[surround sound]] formats for both commercial/theatrical and consumer-grade applications. It was known as '''The Digital Experience''' until 1995. DTS [[license]]s its technologies to [[consumer electronics]] manufacturers.

In 2014, DTS acquired Manzanita Systems,<ref>{{Cite press release |url=http://www.dts.com/corporate/press-releases/2014/09/dts-acquires-manzanita-systems.aspx |title=DTS Acquires Manzanita Systems |date=September 2014 |publisher=DTS, Inc. |access-date=2016-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313125547/http://www.dts.com/corporate/press-releases/2014/09/dts-acquires-manzanita-systems.aspx |archive-date=2016-03-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a provider of MPEG software for digital television, VOD, and digital ad insertion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manzanitasystems.com/index.html|title=Manzanita Systems - Essential MPEG Solutions|website=www.manzanitasystems.com|access-date=2016-03-13|archive-date=2017-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915112429/http://www.manzanitasystems.com/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In theatrical use, a proprietary 24-bit [[time code]] is optically imaged onto the film. An LED reader scans the timecode data from the film and sends it to the DTS processor, using the time code to synchronize the projected image with the DTS soundtrack audio. The multi-channel DTS audio is recorded in compressed form on standard [[CD-ROM]] media at a bitrate of 882 &nbsp;kbit/s. The audio compression used in the theatrical DTS system (which is very different and completely unrelated to the home Coherent Acoustics-based DTS Digital Surround format) is the APT-X100 system. Unlike the home version of DTS or any version of Dolby Digital, the APT-X100 system is fixed at a 4:1 compression ratio. Data reduction is accomplished via sub-band coding with linear prediction and adaptive quantization. The theatrical DTS processor acts as a transport mechanism, as it holds and reads the audio discs. When the DTS format was launched, it used one or two discs with later units holding three discs, thus allowing a single DTS processor to handle two-disc film soundtracks along with a third disc for theatrical trailers. The DTS time code on the 35mm print identifies the film title which is matched to the individual DTS CD-ROMs, guaranteeing that the film cannot be played with the wrong disc. Each DTS CD-ROM contains a DOS program that the processor uses to play back the soundtrack, allowing system improvements or bug fixes to be added easily. Unlike Dolby Digital and SDDS, or the home version of DTS, the theatrical DTS system only carries 5 discrete channels on the CD-ROMs. The .1 LFE subwoofer track is mixed into the discrete surround channels on the disc and recovered via low-pass filters in the theater.

[[File:DTS Sound compatible laptop.jpg|thumb|A DTS Sound logo on a compatible Toshiba Laptop]]

DTS is related to the [[aptX]] [[audio coding format]], and it is based on the [[adaptive differential pulse-code modulation]] (ADPCM) [[audio data compression]] algorithm.<ref>{{cite web |title=Digital Theater Systems Audio Formats |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000232.shtml |website=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=10 November 2019 |date=27 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Spanias |first1=Andreas |last2=Painter |first2=Ted |last3=Atti |first3=Venkatraman |title=Audio Signal Processing and Coding |date=2006 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=9780470041963 |page=338 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1RULRErhOYC&pg=PA338}}</ref> In contrast, [[Dolby Digital]] (AC-3) is based on the [[modified discrete cosine transform]] (MDCT) compression algorithm.<ref name="Luo">{{cite book |last1last=Luo |first1first=Fa-Long |title=Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting Standards: Technology and Practice |date=2008 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=9780387782638 |page=590 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l6PovWat8SMC&pg=PA590 }}</ref><ref name="Britanak2011">{{cite journal |last1=Britanak |first1=V. |title=On Properties, Relations, and Simplified Implementation of Filter Banks in the Dolby Digital (Plus) AC-3 Audio Coding Standards |journal=IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing |date=2011 |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=1231–1241 |doi=10.1109/TASL.2010.2087755 |s2cid=897622 }}</ref>

Both music and movie DVDs allow delivery of a DTS audio signal, but DTS was not part of the original DVD specification (it was added later in 1997<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dtstech.com/chat.html |title=Chat Transcript - Nov 5, 1997 |website=DTS|authorpublisher=DTS Staff|date=November 5, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980206163459/http://www.dtstech.com/chat.html |archive-date=February 6, 1998|url-status=dead |access-date=March 24, 2022 }}</ref>), so early DVD players do not recognize DTS audio tracks at all. The DVD specification was revised{{when|date=May 2016}} to allow optional inclusion of DTS audio tracks. The DVD title must carry one or more primary audio tracks in AC-3 or [[LPCM]] format (in Europe, [[MPEG-1 Audio Layer II]] is also an allowed primary track format). The DTS audio track, if present, can be selected by the user. Subsequent DVD players now decode DTS natively or pass it through to an external decoder. Nearly all standalone receivers and many integrated DVD player/receivers can decode DTS.

A small number of LaserdiscsLaserDiscs carry DTS soundtracks. The NTSC LaserdiscLaserDisc format allows for either analog audio only or both analog and digital audio tracks. LaserdiscsLaserDiscs encoded with DTS sound<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.audiogurus.com/learn/electronics/dts-sound/198|title=What is DTS Sound? - Audiogurus |website=www.audiogurusAudioGurus.com |date=21 May 2021}}</ref> replace the LPCM digital audio track with the DTS soundtrack. This soundtrack is output via digital coaxial or optical audio outputs and requires an external decoder to process the bitstream.

InDolby theclaims consumerits market,competing AC-3 andcodec DTSachieves are close in terms of audio performance. When the DTS audio track is encoded at its highest legal bitrate (1509.75&nbsp;kbit/s), technical experts rank DTS as perceptuallysimilar [[Transparency (data compression)|transparenttransparency]] for most audio program material (i.e., indistinguishable to the uncoded source in a [[double blind]] test).{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} Dolby claims its competing AC-3 codec achieves similar transparency at its highest coded bitrate (640&nbsp;kbit/s). However, in program material available to home consumers (DVD, broadcast, and subscription digital TV), neither AC-3 nor DTS typically run at their highest allowed bitrate. DVD and broadcast (ATSC) HDTV cap AC-3 bitrate at 448&nbsp;kbit/s. But even at that rate, consumer audio gear already enjoys better audio performance than theatrical (35&nbsp;mm movie) installations, in which AC-3 is limited to 320kbps320&nbsp;kbit/s. When DTS audio was introduced to the DVD specification, a few studios authored DTS tracks on some DVDs at the full bitrate (1509.75&nbsp;kbit/s). Most later DVD titles that offered DTS tracks were encoded at 754.5&nbsp;kbit/s (about half the rate of 1536kbit1536&nbsp;kbit/s). At this reduced rate, DTS no longer retains audio transparency. This was done to make room for more audio tracks and content to reduce costs of spreading extra material on multiple discs.

AC-3 and DTS are sometimes judged by their encoded bitrates.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} Dolby Digital 5.1 can compress the same data to less, taking up minimal space. Conversely, DTS proponents claim that the extra bits give higher fidelity and more dynamic range, providing a richer and more lifelike sound. But no conclusion can be drawn from their respective bitrates, as each codec relies on different coding tools and syntax to compress audio.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

In addition to the standard 5.1-channel DTS Surround codec, the company has several other technologies in its product range designed to compete with similar systems from [[Dolby Labs]]. Those which conceptually extend DTS (to add more channels and/or more accurate sound reproduction) are implemented as extensions to a core DTS Coherent Acoustics data stream.<ref>[{{cite web |url=http://www.dts.com/DTS_Audio_Formats/DTS_Audio_Formats/Overview.aspx |title=Audio Technologies & Software |{{!}} Professional] {{Webarchive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721114216/http://www.dts.com/DTS_Audio_Formats/DTS_Audio_Formats/Overview.aspx |archive-date=2009-07-21 }}. |publisher=DTS. Retrieved on |access-date=2013-12-09. }}</ref> The core stream is compatible with DTS decoders which do not support the extension(s); the extension(s) provide the additional data required to implement the additional functionality.

This is a process designed specifically for playback in motion picture theaters equipped with [[70mm|70 mm film]] projection and 6-track surround sound. The 70&nbsp;mm DTS prints do not have 6-track magnetic striping, so there is no analog backup should the digital sound fail. The time code track on the film is many times wider than the 35mm version, since it can occupy the area formerly taken up by a magnetic track. Theaters with 70&nbsp;mm DTS frequently install two time code readers for greater reliability.

'''DTS-ES''' (DTS Extended Surround), introduced in March 1999 theatrically<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtsonline.com/cinema/dtstech039.html|title=DTS INTRODUCES THE DTS-ES EXTENDED SURROUND|date=March 9, 1999|author=Digital Theater Systems|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413210602/http://www.dtsonline.com/cinema/dtstech039.html|archive-date=April 13, 2001|url-status=dead|access-date=March 24, 2022}}</ref>{{secondaryprimary source neededinline|date=March 2022}} and in June 2000 for home theaters<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtsonline.com/consumer/061500.html|title=DTS Announces DTS-ES Discrete 6.1 Audio Standard|date=June 15, 2000|author=Digital Theater Systems|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417215902/http://www.dtsonline.com/consumer/061500.html|archive-date=April 17, 2001|url-status=dead|access-date=March 24, 2022}}</ref>{{secondaryprimary source neededinline|date=March 2022}}; includes two variants, DTS-ES Discrete 6.1, and DTS-ES Matrix 5.1, depending on how the sound was originally mastered and stored.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timefordvd.com/ref/dts-ES.shtml|title=timefordvd.com - Informationen zum Thema time for DVD.|website=www.timefordvd.com}}</ref> Both variants are implemented in ways which are compatible with DTS decoders which do not include support for DTS-ES.

'''DTS 96/24''', introduced in May 2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtsonline.com/consumer/051301.html|title=DTS DEMONSTRATES THE NEXT LEAP FORWARD IN HIGH RESOLUTION AUDIO WITH 96 KHZ, 24-BIT DIGITAL AUDIO FOR DVD |date=May 13, 2001|author=Digital Theater Systems|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010817004127/http://www.dtsonline.com/consumer/051301.html|archive-date=August 17, 2001|url-status=dead|access-date=March 24, 2022}}</ref>{{secondaryprimary source neededinline|date=March 2022}}, allows the delivery of 5.1 channels of 24-bit, 96&nbsp;kHz audio and high quality video on the [[DVD-Video]] format. Prior to the development of DTS 96/24, it was only possible to deliver two channels of 24-bit, 96&nbsp;kHz audio on DVD Video. DTS 96/24 can also be placed in the video zone on [[DVD-Audio]] discs, making these discs playable on all DTS-compatible DVD players. DTS 96/24 is implemented as a core DTS stream plus an extension containing the deltas to enable 96/24 sound reproduction.

'''DTS-HD High Resolution Audio''', along with DTS-HD Master Audio, comprise the DTS-HD extension to the original DTS audio format. It delivers up to 7.1 channels of sound at a 96&nbsp;kHz sampling frequency and 24-bit depth resolution. DTS-HD High Resolution Audio is selected as an optional surround sound format for [[Blu-ray Disc]], with constant bit rates up to 6.0 &nbsp;Mbit/s and 3.0 &nbsp;Mbit/s, respectively. It is intended to be an alternative for DTS-HD Master Audio where disc space may not allow it. DTS-HD High Resolution Audio is implemented as a core DTS stream plus an extension containing the two additional channels plus details to enable 96/24 sound reproduction.

'''DTS-HD Master Audio''', previously known as ''DTS++'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ecoustics.com/bbs/messages/10381/107453.html|title=DTD Unveils DTS-HD Brand For High Definition Media Formats - ecoustics.com|date=1 November 2004}}</ref> is the second of two DTS-HD audio formats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dts.com/~/media/D84CFDAD4E534E32920F80A5A3B7D4CC.ashx|title=Box|website=www.dts.com|access-date=2009-01-19|archive-date=2011-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202124800/http://www.dts.com/~/media/D84CFDAD4E534E32920F80A5A3B7D4CC.ashx|url-status=dead}}</ref> It supports a virtually unlimited number of surround sound channels, can deliver audio quality at bit rates extending from lossless (24-bit, 192 &nbsp;kHz) down to DTS Digital Surround and, like Neo, [[downmixing|downmix]] to 5.1 or 2.1 systems.

DTS-HD Master Audio is selected as an optional surround sound format for [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]], where it has been limited to a maximum of 8 discrete channels. DTS-HD MA supports variable bit rates up to 24.5 &nbsp;Mbit/s, with up to [[5.1 surround sound|6 channels]] encoded at up to 192 &nbsp;kHz or [[7.1 surround sound|8 channels]] and nine objects encoded at 96 &nbsp;kHz/24 bit. If more than two channels are used, a "channel remapping" function allows for remixing the soundtrack to compensate for a different channel layout in the playback system compared to the original mix.

All Blu-ray players can decode the DTS "core" resolution soundtrack at 1.5 &nbsp;Mbit/s, however, as DTS-HD Master Audio is also implemented as a standard DTS core plus extensions, but cannot decode audio from DTS audio CDs. DTS-HD Master Audio and [[Dolby TrueHD]] are the only technologies that deliver compressed [[lossless]] surround sound for these new disc formats, ensuring the highest quality audio performance available in the new standards. (DTS Coherent Acoustics' coding system was selected as mandatory audio technology for Blu-ray Discs.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dts.com/company/press/press-article.php?ID=132784259&yID=2004&cID=1|title=''DTS technology mandatory for next generation discs'' - dts.com|access-date=2008-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060324224057/http://www.dts.com/company/press/press-article.php?ID=132784259&yID=2004&cID=1|archive-date=2006-03-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>

For each speaker, '''DTS:X''' allows the "location" (direction from the listener) of "objects" (audio tracks) to be specified as [[Polar coordinate system|polar coordinates]]. The audio processor is then responsible for dynamically rendering sound output depending on the number and position of speakers available. [[Dolby Atmos]] uses a similar technique,<ref name="CNETX">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/dtsx-takes-on-dolby-atmos/ |title=DTS:X takes on Dolby Atmos from on high |first=Ty |last=Pendlebury |website=[[CNET]] |date=April 9, 2015 |access-date=April 10, 2015}}</ref><ref name="twice">{{cite web |url=http://www.twice.com/dts-makes-case-dtsx-surround/56814 |title=DTS Makes The Case For DTS:X Surround |first=Joseph |last=Palenchar |work=[[Twice (magazine)|TWICE]] |date=April 20, 2015 |access-date=April 21, 2015 |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423093243/http://www.twice.com/dts-makes-case-dtsx-surround/56814 |url-status=dead }}</ref> although the speaker layout employed by cinema DTS:X is the sum of Dolby Atmos and [[Auro-3D]]. The layout showcased at AMC Burbank theatre number 8 has a standard eight channel base layer, a five channel height layer on top of the base layer (on the front and side walls) and three rows of speakers on the ceiling. The surround arrays are bass managed by woofers suspended from the ceiling.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.editorsguild.com/fromtheguild.cfm?FromTheGuildid=454|title=From the Guild : TOWARDToward ANan OPENOpen-STANDARDStandard SURROUNDSurround-SOUNDSound Format FORMAT|website=MPEG |access-date=2016-06-09 }}</ref> A first public demonstration was performed at CES 2015 on a Trinnov Altitude32 processor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/trinnov/dtsx/CEDIA/trinnov-set-to-demo-1146-dtsx-pro-immersive-audio-system-at-cedia-2019/44753|title=From highdefdigest.com : Trinnov Set to Demo 11.4.6 DTS:X Pro Immersive Audio System at CEDIA 2019|website=MPEG|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref>

'''DTS Neo:X''' reconstructs 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, or 7.1 sources to 11.1 front [[Height channels|height]] and width channel systems. [[Dolby Pro Logic IIz|Dolby's Pro Logic IIz]]'s system adds only front height channels to the 7.1 configuration. Neo:X also matrix [[downmixingDownmixing|downmixes]] 11.1 sources to 5.1 or 7.1 channel systems.

'''DTS Neural:X''', like [[Dolby_Pro_LogicDolby Pro Logic#Dolby_Surround_Dolby Surround (2014)|Dolby Surround]], is an upmixing technique to serve legacy bitstreams and PCM content by upmixing or remapping them to virtually any speaker layout (in which the sound can come from anywhere around the listener, including above). It is complementary to the DTS:X system, allowing the full use of a DTS:X speaker layout when the content has not been encoded for it.<ref name="DTShome">{{cite web|title=DTS home solutions|url=http://dts.com/professional/home-solutions|website=DTS|publisher=DTS|access-date=19 October 2016|ref=DTS home solutions}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Up-mixed: Dolby Surround v DTS:Neural:X {{!}} High-Def Digest |url=https://www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Dolby/DTS/Surround_Sound/height-speakers/Dolby_Atmos/dtsx/Denon/KEF/Yamaha/Pioneer/Onkyo/Sony/avr/av-receiver/Surround_Sound/upmixed-dolby-surround-v-dtsneuralx/32382 |website=www.highdefdigest.com |access-date=31 January 2023 |date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

'''DTS Virtual:X''' creates "phantom" surround and/or height speakers using psychoacoustic processing of existing soundtracks (including, if needed, the creation of height channels) to allow systems with a reduced number of physical speakers (such as TV soundbars) to provide a more "immersive" experience.<ref name="DTSvirtualx">{{cite web |title=Introducing DTS Virtual X |url=https://dts.com/virtualx |website=DTS|publisher=DTS |access-date=1 July 2019 }}</ref>

'''DTS Surround Sensation''': Previously known as DTS Virtual. It allows a virtual 5.1 surround sound to be heard through a standard pair of headphones.<ref>[http://investor.dts.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=511228 DTS Stirs Surround Sensation(TM) at CES 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522100740/http://investor.dts.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=511228 |date=2013-05-22 }}, (January 7, 2008)</ref>

* '''DTS Interactive''': This is a real-time DTS stream encoder. On the PC, it takes multichannel audio and converts it into a 1.5 &nbsp;Mbit/s DTS stream for output. Because it uses the original DTS codec to transmit audio, fidelity is limited to 5.1 channel at 48&nbsp;kHz, 24bit. More than 5.1 channels, a higher sampling frequency or data rate are not supported, due to the lack of support for DTS variants such as DTS 96/24. It can also be found on some standalone devices (e.g., Surround Encoder). Nearly a dozen titles on the [[PlayStation 2]] feature the "DTS Interactive" real-time stream encoder, such as ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]'' and ''[[Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (video game)|Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines]]''.

'''Play-Fi''' is a wireless protocol for multiroomultiroom audio based on the existing [[IEEE 802.11|802.11]] specification (b/g/n). It emerged in late 2012 as an Android streaming protocol, with iOS support added in September 2013, and Windows support later, including audio/video sync.<ref name="play-fi-win">{{cite web|title=Play-Fi for Windows|url=https://play-fi.com/apps/windows/|publisher=DTS}}</ref> The first Play-Fi speaker was the Phorus PS1, made by DTS subsidiary Phorus.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pendlebury|first1=Ty|title=Phorus PS1 Speaker review: Phorus' wireless sound won't scare Sonos|url=https://www.cnet.com/products/phorus-ps1-speaker/review/|website=[[CNET]]|date=22 October 2013}}</ref>

* [[DolbyAV Digitalreceiver]] (AC-3)

* [[Home cinema|Home theatre]]