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[[File:Asaba roundabout, Asaba, Delta state.jpg|thumb|Asaba roundabout, Asaba, Delta state]]
'''Delta State''' is a [[States of Nigeria|state]] in the [[South South (Nigeria)|South-South geopolitical zone]] of [[Nigeria]]. Named after the [[Niger Delta]]—a large part of which is in the state—the state was formed from the former [[Bendel State]], on 27 August 1991. Bordered on the north by [[Edo State]], the east by [[Anambra State|Anambra]] and [[Rivers State|Rivers]] states, and that south by [[Bayelsa State]] while to the west is the [[Bight of Benin]] which covers about 160 kilometres of the state's [[coastline]]. The state was initially created with 12 local government areas in 1991,
Of the [[States of Nigeria|36 states]], Delta is the [[List of Nigerian states by area|23rd largest in area]] and [[List of Nigerian states by population|twelfth most populous]] with an estimated population of over 5.6 million as of 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population 2006-2016 |url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/474 |website=[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> Geographically, the state is divided between the [[Central African mangroves]] in the coastal southwest and the [[Nigerian lowland forests]] in most of the rest of the state as a small portion of the [[Niger Delta swamp forests]] are in the far south. The other important geographical features are the [[River Niger]] and its distributary, the [[Forçados River]], which flow along Delta's eastern and southern borders, respectively; while fellow Niger distributary, the [[Escravos River]], runs through [[Warri]] and the coastal areas are riddled with dozens of smaller Niger distributaries that make up much of the western [[Niger Delta]]. Much of the state's nature contain threatened [[dwarf crocodile]], [[Grey parrot]], [[African fish eagle]], [[mona monkey]], and [[African manatee]] populations along with potentially extirpated populations of [[African leopard]] and [[Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lameed |first1=GA |title=Potential impact on biodiversity in kwale's forest reserve by power plant establishments |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |date=2009 |volume=9 |issue=30 |pages=1878–1900 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.30.1750 |s2cid=240141039 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfand/article/view/50070 |access-date=19 December 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Ogbe–Ijaw market" /> Offshore, the state is also biodiverse as there are populations of [[Lesser African threadfin]], [[crab]]s, and [[blue mussel]] along with various [[Cetacea|cetacean species]].<ref name="Ogbe–Ijaw market">{{cite journal |last1=Ijeomah |first1=HM |last2=Oruh |first2=EK |title=Wildlife based business activities in Ogbe–Ijaw market of Delta state, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Agriculture and Social Research |date=2015 |volume=12 |issue=2 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasr/article/view/112825 |access-date=19 December 2021}}</ref>
What is now Delta State has been inhabited for years by various ethnic groups, including the [[Isoko people|Isoko]] and [[Eruwa language|Eruwa]] in the centre of the state; [[Ukwuani people|Ukwuani]] in the east; the [[Ika people|Ika]], [[Enuani dialect|Enuani]], and [[Olukumi people|Olukumi]] in the northeast; the [[Anioma people|Anioma
After independence in 1960, the area of now-Delta was a part of the post-independence [[Western State (Nigeria)|Western Region]] until 1963 when the region was split and the area became part of the [[Mid-Western Region, Nigeria|Mid-Western Region]]. In 1967, the [[Igbo people|Igbo]]-majority former [[Eastern Region, Nigeria|Eastern Region]] attempted to secede as the state of [[Biafra]] and [[Midwest Invasion of 1967|invaded]] the Mid-Western Region in an attempt to capture [[Lagos]] and end the [[Nigerian Civil War|war]] quickly; Biafran forces were halted and eventually pushed back but briefly declared the captured Mid-Western Region (including now-Delta State) as the [[Republic of Benin (1967)|Republic of Benin]]. During the occupation there were widespread hostilities between the [[Biafra]]n forces and the mainly non-Igbo inhabitants of now-Delta State with [[Biafra]]n forces committing atrocities against ethnic [[Hausa people|Hausa]], [[Urhobo people|Urhobo]], and [[Ijaw people|Ijaw]] people; similarly, upon the liberation of the Mid-West, Nigerian forces committed the [[Asaba massacre]] against ethnic Igbos in [[Asaba, Delta|Asaba]]. At the war's end and the reunification of Nigeria, the [[Mid-Western Region, Nigeria|Mid-Western Region]] was reformed until 1976 when it was renamed [[Bendel State]]. In 1991, Bendel State was split with the north becoming [[Edo State]] and the south becoming Delta State.<ref>{{cite web |title=This is how the 36 states were created |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e |website=Pulse.ng |date=24 October 2017 |access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>
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== Geography ==
=== Climate ===
An important characteristics of the Climate of Delta State is flooding.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Balogun |first1=Verere S. |last2=Onokerhoraye |first2=Andrew G. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Climate change vulnerability mapping across ecological zones in Delta State, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria |journal=Climate Services |language=en |volume=27 |pages=100304 |doi=10.1016/j.cliser.2022.100304 |issn=2405-8807|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022CliSe..2700304B }}</ref> The ecological attributes of Delta State also include heavy rainfall, which makes the state, like other states in the Niger-Delta Nigeria to be regarded as lowland [[rainforest]], freshwater [[swamp]] and mangrove swamp. Delta State has a mean rainfall of 36.9 mm, as well as increase in rainfall which in year 2015 resulted to [[Flood|inundation]] of farmlands in the state.<ref name="Oyerinde 15–18">{{Cite journal |last=Oyerinde |first=Oyeleke Oluwaseun |date=2021-03-27 |title=Analysis of Decadal Rainfall and Temperature Trend in Warri, Nigeria |url=https://www.ej-geo.org/index.php/ejgeo/article/view/120 |journal=European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=15–18 |doi=10.24018/ejgeo.2021.2.2.120 |issn=2684-446X|doi-access=free }}</ref> 2015 was also the year the state had the highest rainfall, amounting to 3183.6 mm. In year 2007, the state had the lowest rainfall over the 11-year period, amounting to an annual rainfall of 2030.58 mm. While January has the lowest rainfall in the state, in July, rainfall is very high at 423.2 mm.<ref name="Oyerinde 15–18"/>
== History ==
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=== Politics ===
The State government is
=== Electoral system ===
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== Demographics ==
Delta State is predominantly inhabited by the [[Urhobo people|Urhobo]], [[Anioma people|
The [[Urhobo-Isoko]] are basically the same people and are the most predominant people inhabiting the state<ref name=":0" /> and currently about 3.3 million spanning across 13 local government areas, followed by [[Ukwuani]], [[Ika people|Ika]] and Aniocha-Oshimili ([[Igboid languages|Igboid]]/[[Enuani dialect|Igbo]]) people of Delta State with a population of about 1.8 million spanning across 9 Local government areas who are sometimes referred to as the [[Anioma people]].<ref name="Unveiling Nigeria - state">{{Cite web |title=Unveiling Nigeria - state |url=https://www.unveilingnigeria.ng/geopolitical-zone/delta-state |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=www.unveilingnigeria.ng}}</ref><ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ujah/article/view/166014/155449 {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The Itsekiri speak a language very closely related to [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] but have been culturally influenced by the [[Edo people|Edo]] from neighbouring [[Edo State|Edo state]], as well as the [[Urhobo people|Urhobo]], and [[Ijaw people|Ijaw]].<ref name=":0" />
The [[Okpe (Southwestern Edo)|Okpe]] is a dialect of Urhobo language. The Okpe people occupy two local government areas ([[Sapele, Nigeria|Sapele]] and Okpe) in Delta Central.
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The Catholic Church includes the [http://Diocese%20of%20Warri Diocese of Warri] (1964) with 135 parishes under Bishop [http://Anthony%20Ovayero%20Ewherido Anthony Ovayero Ewherido] (2022), and parts of [http://Diocese%20of%20Bomadi Bomadi] (1991) under Bishop [http://Hyacinth%20Oroko%20Egbebo Hyacinth Oroko Egbebo] (2009), both suffragans of the [http://Archdiocese%20of%20Benin%20City Archdiocese of Benin City].
The [[Bendel Province]] of the [[Anglican Church of Nigeria]] under Archbishop [[Cyril Odutemu]] (2020) includes the Dioceses of [[Anglican Diocese of Asaba|Asaba]] (1977) led by Bishop [http://Kingsley%20Chukwakanadu%20Obuh Kingsley Chukwakanadu Obuh] (2022), [[Anglican Diocese of Ika|Ika]] (2001) led by Bishop [[Godfrey Ifeanyichukwu Ekpenisi]] (2018), [[Anglican Diocese of Ndokwa|Ndokwa]] (2008) led by Bishop [[Festus Nwafili]] (2023),<ref name=":3" />
==Administration==
[[Sheriff Oborevwori]], a member of the [[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]], was elected [[Governor]] and chief executive of Delta State in March 2023. His deputy is [[Monday Onyeme]]. The state has three National Senatorial Districts (South, North and Central). In 2011 and 2013, the elected senators were [[James Manager]],{{
[[Arthur Okowa Ifeanyi]] and Emmanuel Aguariavwodo who replaced [[Pius Ewherido Akpor|Pius Ewherido]] who died in 2013 at National Hospital, Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=delta state history|url=https://itsmyschoollibrary.com/tag/delta-state-history/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=MYSCHOOLLIBRARY|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, Chief Ighoyeta Amori was elected Senator of Delta Central but his [[election]] was annulled and Senator
[[Ovie Omo-Agege]] sworn in as Senator of Delta Central,<ref name="vanguardngr.com">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-18|title=DELTA POLITICS: How providence smiled on Senator Ovie Omo-Agege|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/04/delta-politics-how-providence-smiled-on-senator-ovie-omo-agege/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> [[James Manager]] retained his position and Chief [[Peter Nwaoboshi]] was elected Senator of Delta North. The [[Executive functions|Executive]], Legislative and Judicial Chambers are housed in [[Asaba, Delta|Asaba]] with a government house annex in [[Warri]].{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}
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== Local Governments/Indigenous people ==
[[File:Easternnigeriamap1958.jpg|thumb|The British Map of Eastern Nigeria, 1958]]
Indigenous ethnic groups of Delta State listed by LGA:<ref name=e22>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG|title=Nigeria|work=Ethnologue|edition=22|access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref>
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| [[Uvwie]] || [[Effurun]] || [[Urhobo people|Urhobo]]
|-
| [[Warri North]] || [[Koko, Delta|Koko]] || [[Itsekiri]]
|-
| [[Warri South]] || Warri || [[Itsekiri]], [[Urhobo people|Urhobo]]<ref name="britishempire.co.uk">https://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/nigeria.htm</ref>
|-
| [[Warri South West]] || [[Ogbe Ijaw]] || [[Itsekiri]], [[Ijaw people|Ijaw]]<ref name="britishempire.co.uk">https://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/nigeria.htm</ref>
|}
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*Admiralty University of Nigeria at [[Ibusa]] and [[Sapele]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Overview – Admiralty University Of Nigeria|date=17 September 2020 |url=https://adun.edu.ng/overview/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Adam Igbudu Christian Institute, [[Emevor]] (a private Nigerian university named after the founder of the [[Anglican Adam Preaching Society]], [[Cornelius Adam Igbudu]]
== Transportation ==
Federal Highways are:
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*[[Sunday Oliseh]], Football Manager and former player<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-18|title=The perfect defensive midfield player – Sunday Ogochukwu Oliseh|url=https://t.guardian.ng/sport/the-perfect-defensive-midfield-player-sunday-ogochukwu-oliseh/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204704/https://t.guardian.ng/sport/the-perfect-defensive-midfield-player-sunday-ogochukwu-oliseh/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Omawumi]], Nigerian singer, songwriter, actress; brand ambassador for [[Globacom]], [[Konga]], Malta Guinness<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-16|title=We Can't Help But Love Omawumi Even More After This...|url=https://glamsquadmagazine.com/we-cant-help-but-love-omawumi-even-more-after-this/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=GLAMSQUAD MAGAZINE|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Mabel Evwierhoma]], Professor of Theatre Arts, University of Abuja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Arts Community to Celebrate Mabel at 50 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201504271433.html |website=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref>
*[[Ovie Omo-Agege]], Nigerian lawyer, politician<ref name="vanguardngr.com"/>
*[[Rachel Oniga]], was a Nigerian film actress
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