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* The ''edinolichniki'' (единоличники: individual farmers, called "Independent Doukhobors"), who in 1907 comprised 10% of the Canadian Doukhobors, maintained their religion but abandoned communal ownership of land and rejected hereditary leadership and communal living as non-essential to it.
* The ''obshchinnye'' (общинные: communal, or "Community Doukhobors") were largest group, sometimes called "orthodox Doukhobors" (not to be confused with the Russian Orthodox Church), led by their spiritual leader [[Peter V. Verigin]]. They formed the [[Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood]] (CCUB), which reformed in 1939 as the Union of Spiritual Communities of Christ (USCC), headquartered in Grand Forks, British Columbia, publishing a monthly journal ''[http://www.iskra.ca Iskra]'' since 1943.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uscc-iskra.com/ |title=Iskra: The Voice of the Doukhobors |access-date=May 19, 2024}}</ref>
* The ''svobodniki'' (free, sovereign people) in 1902 tried to return to Russia, refused to obey laws, and attacked law-abiding Doukhobors. They became the famous dissident "Sons of Freedom", also called "[[Freedomites]]" by the media. They misinterpreted P. V. Verigin's writings in such a zealous manner that he banned them. The media and government mistakenly confused them with all Canadian Doukhobors when reporting their sensational protests.<ref name=
| author =<!--not stated-->
| date = April 4, 1930
| title = Doukhobors May Move To Mexico ; Peter [P.] Verigin Will Soon Leave to Look Over Settlement Prospect
| url = https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-colonist-doukhobors-may-move-to-me/150457427/
| work = Victoria Daily Times (Times Colonist)
| page = 1
| location = Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| archive-url = https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-colonist-doukhobors-may-move-to-me/150457427
| archive-date = June 1, 2024
| access-date = June 1, 2024
|quote= ... Peter [P,] Verigin ... urging the community members to have nothing to do with the Sons of Freedom.
}}</ref><ref name=”OaklandTribune1934”>{{cite news
| author =<!--not stated-->
| title = Doukhobor Leader Gets Indorsement
| |||