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{{Short description|Research library for Western art history}}
{{Infobox museum
| name = Frick Art Reference Library
| library_logo =
| image= Frick Art Reference Library 02.JPG
▲| coordinates = {{coord|40.77118|-73.96735|region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}
| established= {{Start date|1920}}
| location= 10 East 71st Street, New York, NY 10021 (United States)
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| architect= [[John Russell Pope]]
| director= Ian Wardropper (Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Director)
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| num_employees=
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[[Image:WTM3 Chenumuri 0022.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the library]]
The '''Frick Art Reference Library''' is the research arm of the [[
The library, founded in 1920, offers public access to materials on the study of art and art history in the Western tradition from the fourth to the mid-twentieth century. It is open to visitors 16 years of age or older and serves the greater art and art history research community through its membership in the [[New York Art Resources Consortium]] (which also includes the libraries of the [[Brooklyn Museum]] and the [[Museum of Modern Art]]).
[[Helen Clay Frick]] founded the Frick Art Reference Library in 1920 as a memorial to her father, [[Henry Clay Frick]], who died in 1919. Its first home was the bowling alley of the Frick residence, which is now The Frick Collection. In 1924, the library moved from the bowling alley to a one-story building at 6 East 71st Street, designed by the architecture firm, [[Carrère and Hastings]]. The library opened to the public in its current building on January 14, 1935.▼
Within the library is the Center for the History of Collecting—a research organization that supports the study of the formation of collections of fine and decorative arts, both public and private, from colonial times to the present through its fellowships, symposia, and publications.
==
▲[[Helen Clay Frick]] founded the
The collections held at the Frick Art Reference Library focus on art of the Western tradition from the fourth century (A.D.) to the mid twentieth century (A.D.), and chiefly include information about paintings, drawings, sculpture, prints, and illuminated manuscripts. Archival materials augment its research collections.<ref>[http://www.frick.org/research/archives Archival materials]</ref> The Library holds more than 228,000 monograph and 3,300 periodical titles. The collection includes several highlights: an auction catalog collection that contains approximately 90,000 items; the [[Frick Art Reference Library Photoarchive]] which holds more than 1.2 million images including photographs and clippings of works of art; and the electronic resources collection which consists of more than 2,000 subscription databases and e-journals, as well as e-books.▼
== Collections ==
==List of Chief Librarians==▼
▲The collections held at the Frick Art Reference Library focus on art of the Western tradition from the
== Center for the History of Collecting ==
In 2007, the library established its Center for the History of Collecting. It operates with the goal of encouraging and sustaining research on the development of public and private art collections in Europe and the United States, from the early modern period to the present.<ref name="wsj2013">{{cite news|last1=Gardner|first1=Ralph|date=8 January 2013|title=The Art of Collecting|publisher=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323936804578229893194035224|accessdate=24 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Neyfakh|first1=Leon|date=18 November 2009|title=At the Frick, a Focus on the Collector as Art History|publisher=The Observer|url=http://observer.com/2009/11/at-the-frick-a-focus-on-the-collector-as-art-history/|accessdate=24 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Homa Taj In Conversation with The Frick Collections' Inge Reist on Collectors & Merchant Princes|url=http://museumviews.com/2010/11/interview-with-the-frick-collections-inge-reist-on-collectors-merchant-princes-2/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122213022/http://museumviews.com/2010/11/interview-with-the-frick-collections-inge-reist-on-collectors-merchant-princes-2/|archive-date=2015-01-22|access-date=2015-07-13|work=museumviews.com}}</ref>
* [[Helen Sanger]], 1978 to 1994 (the first Andrew W. Mellon Chief Librarian)▼
The center supports a broad range of intellectual initiatives;<ref>{{cite news|last=Muchnic|first=Suzanne|date=18 July 2010|title=American art collectors ripe for study|newspaper=LA Times|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/18/entertainment/la-ca-collectors-20100718}}</ref> it organizes and hosts a regular calendar of symposia, specialist lectures, and study days, and it contributes to undergraduate and graduate seminars taught in collaboration with local colleges. It also offers long and short term fellowships in the history of collecting, which attract scholars researching diverse aspects of cultural history. In addition, the center created and continues to expand a major digital archive of art collectors and dealers, and it is collaborating on the creation of software that will aid in the study of visual history. The center has an active publications program and awards a biennial book prize for excellent contributions to the history of collecting in America.
From its inception under the leadership of founding director Inge Reist, the center has had an advisory committee consisting of academics, collectors, librarians, archivists, and curators. In 2014, a Fellows Committee was introduced to garner financial support and to gather a dedicated community of individuals interested in engaging with collecting practices, especially through visits to the homes of private collectors.
=== Symposia, lectures, and publications ===
[[File:Hiëronymus_Francken_II_(1578-1623)_-_Het_kabinet_van_de_kunstliefhebber_-_KMSK_Brussel_25-02-2011_13-21-34.jpg|thumb|350x350px|The Cabinet of an Art Collector, by Hieronymus Francken II, 1621, Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Belgium]]
Between 2007 and 2015, the center organized the following symposia on the history of collecting:<ref>{{cite web|author=James Tarmy|date=19 May 2014|title=Frick Experts: Key to Understanding Current Art Bubble Lies in the Past|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-05-19/frick-experts-key-to-understanding-current-art-bubble-lies-in-the-past|work=Bloomberg.com}}</ref>
* May 2015 – Seen through the Collector's Lens: 150 Years of Photography<ref>Video recording: [http://www.frick.org/interact/video/photography "Seen through the Collector's Lens: 150 Years of Photography"]</ref>
* January 2015 – El Greco Comes to America: The Discovery of a Modern Old Master<ref>Video recording: [http://www.frick.org/interact/video/el_greco_frick "El Greco Comes to America: The Discovery of a Modern Old Master"]</ref>
* May 2014 – The Americas Revealed: Collecting Colonial and Modern Latin American Art in the United States<ref>Video recording: [http://www.frick.org/interact/video/americas_revealed "The Americas Revealed, Collecting Colonial and Modern Latin American Art in the United States"]</ref>
* September 2013 – Going for Baroque: Americans Collect Italian Paintings of the 17th and 18th Centuries
* March 2013 – Money for the Most Exquisite Things: Bankers and Collecting from the Medici to the Rockefellers<ref>Video recording: [http://www.frick.org/interact/video/money "Money for the Most Exquisite Things: Bankers and Collecting from the Medici to the Rockefellers"]</ref>
* March 2012 – The Dragon and the Chrysanthemum: Collecting Chinese and Japanese Art in America<ref>Video recording: [http://www.frick.org/interact/video/dragon_and_chrysanthemum "The Dragon and the Chrysanthemum: Collecting Chinese and Japanese Art in America"]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Strong Sales and Attendance at Japanese Art Exhibitions And Events During Asia Week 2012|url=http://www.artfixdaily.com/artwire/release/5364-strong-sales-and-attendance-at-japanese-art-exhibitions-and-event|work=ArtfixDaily}}</ref>
* May 6, 2011 – Reflections across the Pond: British Models of Art Collecting and the American Response
* November 2010 – A Market for Merchant Princes: Collecting Italian Renaissance Paintings in America<ref>{{cite web|title=Report on The FRICK's Symposium on Collecting Italian Renaissance Art|url=http://museumviews.com/2010/12/report-on-the-fricks-symposium-on-collecting-italian-renaissance-art/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122213052/http://museumviews.com/2010/12/report-on-the-fricks-symposium-on-collecting-italian-renaissance-art/|archive-date=2015-01-22|access-date=2015-07-21|work=museumviews.com}}</ref>
* March 2010 – The Collector's Choice: Art on Display in American Private Collections
* May 2009 – Holland's Golden Age in America: Collecting the Art of Rembrandt, Vermeer and Hals
* March 2009 – The American Artist as Collector: From the Enlightenment to the Post-War Era
* November 2008 – Collecting Spanish Art: Spain's Golden Age and America's Gilded Age<ref>{{cite web|title=Collecting Spanish Art: Spain's Golden Age and America's Gilded Age|url=http://www.ceeh.es/en/activity/collecting-spanish-art-spains-golden-age-and-americas-gilded-age/|work=ceeh.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Cervantes|title=CVC. Coleccionismo norteamericano de arte y cultura españolas.|url=http://cvc.cervantes.es/artes/coleccionismo_eeuu/|work=cervantes.es}}</ref>
* April 2008 – Power Underestimated: American Women Art Collectors
* February- March 2008 – Turning Points: Modern Art Collecting 1913–
* May 19, 2007 – Turning Points in Old Masters Collecting, 1830– 1940
The center has an active publication program, issuing books that draw on the scholarship presented in the symposia. Many of these have been published in association with Pennsylvania State University Press as volumes of The Frick Collection Studies on the History of Art Collecting in America. Titles include:
* Reist, Inge Jackson., and Rosella Mamoli Zorzi, eds. ''Power Underestimated: American Women Art Collector''s. Venezia: Marsilio, 2011.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Project MUSE – The Henry James Review – Power Underestimated: American Women Art Collectors by Rosella Mamoli Zorzi (review)|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/henry_james_review/v034/34.1.macleod.html|journal=Jhu.edu|year=2013 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=E–1 |doi=10.1353/hjr.2013.0006 |last1=MacLeod |first1=Dianne Sachko |s2cid=191344387 }}</ref>
* Reist, Inge Jackson., and José Luis Colomer, eds. ''Collecting Spanish Art: Spain's Golden Age and America's Gilded Age''. New York: Frick Collection in Association with Centro De Estudios Europa Hispánica, Madrid, and Center for Spain in America, New York, 2012.
* Reist, Inge, ed. ''British Models of Art Collecting and the American Response: Reflections Across the Pond''. Burlington: Ashgate, 2014.
* [[Esmée Quodbach|Quodbach, Esmée]], ed. ''Holland's Golden Age in America: Celebrating the Art of Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Hals''. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Books Received|url=http://www.maineantiquedigest.com/stories/books-received/4788|work=maineantiquedigest.com}}</ref><ref>Mascolo, Marco. Review of, ''Holland's Golden Age in America'', ed. by E. Quodbach, Penn State University Press-The Frick Collection, 2014, in ''The Burlington Magazine'', February 2015, p. 110</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bodick|first=Noelle|date=26 September 2014|title=8 Sumptuous New Art Books to Read this Fall|publisher=Artspace|url=http://www.artspace.com/magazine/news_events/fall-2014-books-preview-52478}}</ref>
* Reist, Inge, ed. ''A Market for Merchant Princes: Collecting Italian Renaissance Paintings in America''. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015.
The center also organizes special events such as movie showings and lectures by important scholars, artists, and collectors. For instance, in 2013, the center presented a lecture by artist and author [[Edmund de Waal]], and in 2014, it hosted a conversation between Sir David Cannadine, Lord Rothschild, and Duke of Devonshire.<ref>{{cite web|title=Edmund de Waal: "Start Again: Collections and Memory"|url=http://www.frick.org/interact/edmund_de_waal|work=frick.org}}</ref>
=== Collaborations ===
[[File:M._Knoedler_&_Co._(interior.),_from_Robert_N._Dennis_collection_of_stereoscopic_views.jpg|thumb|350x350px|M. Knoedler & Co. (interior.), from the Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views]]
The center regularly collaborates with academic institutions, including Barnard College, Columbia University, and New York University's Institute of Fine Arts, to offer graduate and undergraduate seminars and graduate workshops on the history of collecting. Alongside local museums, it also organizes and participates in study days that contextualize major museum exhibitions within the history of collecting.<ref>Video recordings are available for the study days on: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=121GxfHULN0 The Philippe de Montebello Years: Curators Celebrate Three Decades of Acquisitions at The Metropolitan Museum of Art] and [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL50D4D05A7522D62D Collecting Byzantine and Islamic Art].</ref> In addition, it facilitates oral and video histories of dealers and collectors who have helped to shape American collecting through the twentieth century.<ref>{{cite web|title=PRIVATE EYE|url=http://artillerymag.com/private-eye-4/|work=Artillery Magazine|date=4 March 2015 }}</ref> In this effort, it has partnered with the Archives of American Art on a two-year project to produce a series of oral histories of collectors.<ref>{{cite web|author=Archives of American Art|title=Oral history interview with Tony Ganz, 2014 December 6|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-tony-ganz-16213|work=si.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Archives of American Art|title=Oral history interview with Robert E. Meyerhoff, 2014 December 11–12|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-robert-e-meyerhoff-16212|work=si.edu}}</ref>
=== Digital scholarship ===
The center maintains an archives directory,<ref>[https://research.frick.org/directory Archives Directory for the center for the History of Collecting]</ref> which is a growing index of collectors, dealers, auction houses and galleries, presented with historical notes and with the locations of their archival materials.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 February 2015|title=The Frick Art Reference Library Opens Two New Online Databases|url=http://www.collegeart.org/news/2010/02/23/the-frick-art-reference-library-opens-two-new-online-databases/|publisher=College Art Association|accessdate=24 July 2015}}</ref> In 2011, the [[Art Libraries Society of North America]] awarded the archives directory its annual Worldwide Books Award for Electronic Resources, which recognizes achievements in digital librarianship or in curating visual resources.<ref>{{cite web|title=Worldwide Books Award for Electronic Resources|url=https://www.arlisna.org/about/awards-honors/awards-history/227-worldwide-books-award-for-electronic-resources-past-winners|work=ARLIS/NA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Worldwide Books Award for Electronic Resources: Past Winners|url=https://www.arlisna.org/about/awards-honors/73-worldwide-books-electronic-resources|work=ARLIS/NA}}</ref> The center is also currently collaborating with scholars at the NYU Polytechnic School of Engineering to develop a digital platform that will facilitate the storage, comparison, and manipulation of digital images.
=== Prizes and fellowships ===
Each year, the center grants a total of six short-term and long-term fellowships to pre- and post-doctoral scholars focusing on the history of collecting. It also awards a biennial book prize for a distinguished publication on the history of collecting in America.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ignacio Villarreal|title=Frick's Center for the History of Collecting in America to Award New $25,000 Biennial Book Prize|url=http://artdaily.com/news/29436/Frick-s-Center-for-the-History-of-Collecting-in-America-to-Award-New--25-000-Biennial-Book-Prize#.VZKvHRtVhHw|work=artdaily.com}}</ref> The book prize honorees include:
* 2013, Jennifer Farrell, ''Get There First, Decide Promptly: The Richard Brown Baker Collection of Postwar Art'', New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 2011 (Prize shared with essayists Thomas Crow, Serge Guilbaut, Jan Howard, Robert Storr, and Judith Tannenbaum)
* 2011, Mary L. Levkoff, ''Hearst, the Collector,'' New York: Abrams, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=CG: Frick Announces 2011 Book Prize Recipient (New York Spaces)|url=http://www.newyorkspacesmag.com/article/Frick-Announces-2011-Book-Prize-Recipient-20111123|work=newyorkspacesmag.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* 2009, Julia Meech, ''Frank Lloyd Wright and the Art of Japan: The Architect's Other Passion'', New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2001.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ignacio Villarreal|title=Julia Meech First Winner of Frick's Biennial $25,000 Book Prize|url=http://artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=34421#.Va6tsKRVhHw|work=artdaily.com}}</ref>
The position of chief librarian has been known as the [[Andrew W. Mellon]] Chief Librarian since 1990.<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 a819">{{cite press release | title=Remembering Helen Sanger, Frick’s First Mellon Chief Librarian | website=The Frick Collection | date=August 5, 2020 | url=https://www.frick.org/blogs/frick_art_reference_library/remembering_helen_sanger | access-date=February 5, 2024}}</ref> There have been seven chief librarians of the Frick Art Reference Library:
* [[Stephen J. Bury]], 2010 to present<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 f468">{{cite press release | title=Dr. Stephen J. Bury Appointed to the Post of Andrew W. Mellon Chief Librarian at the Frick Art Reference Library | website=The Frick Collection | date=August 5, 2020 | url=https://www.frick.org/press/dr-stephen-j-bury-appointed-post-andrew-w-mellon-chief-librarian-frick-art-reference-library | access-date=February 5, 2024}}</ref>
* [[Patricia Barnett]], 1995 to 2008<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 z909">{{cite press release | title=With Retirement of Andrew W. Mellon Chief Librarian Patricia Barnett, Frick Art Reference Library Marks 13 Years of Achievement | website=The Frick Collection | date=August 5, 2020 | url=https://www.frick.org/press/retirement-andrew-w-mellon-chief-librarian-patricia-barnett-frick-art-reference-library-marks | access-date=February 5, 2024}}</ref>
▲* [[Helen Sanger]], 1978 to 1994<ref
* [[Mildred Steinbach]], 1970 to 1977
* [[Hannah Johnson Howell]], 1947 to 1970
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* [[Ruth Savord]], 1920 to 1924
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{commons category|Frick Art Reference Library}}
* [http://www.frick.org/
*[http://www.frick.org/research/center Frick Center for the History of Collecting, Official Website]
* [https://archive.org/details/frickartreferencelibrary Frick Art Reference Library materials on Internet Archive]
* [http://arcade.nyarc.org/search~S6 FRESCO: Frick Research Catalog Online]
*[http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/provenance/ The Getty Research Institute, Collecting and Provenance Research]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090412075519/http://jhc.oxfordjournals.org/ Journal of the History of Collections]
{{Libraries in New York City}}
{{Upper East Side|state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Frick Art Reference Library| ]]
[[Category:Research libraries]]▼
[[Category:Libraries in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Library buildings completed in 1924]]
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[[Category:Frick Collection]]
[[Category:John Russell Pope buildings]]
▲[[Category:Research libraries in the United States]]
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