Despite Chief Justice Marshall's strong push for the federal government, the court of his successor, [[Roger B. Taney]] (1835–1864), decided cases that favored equally strong national and state governments. The basic philosophy during this time was that the U.S. Government ought to be limited to its [[enumerated powers]] and that all others belonged to the states. Any powers that were not granted to the U. S. Government by the Constitution were handed over to the states through the Tenth Amendment. Relevant court cases Dual federalism had a significant impact on social issues in the United States. ''[[Dred Scott v. Sanford]]'' was an example of how Taney's dual federalism helped stir up tensions eventually leading to the outbreak of the Civil War. Another example of dual federalism's social impact was in the ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'' ruling. Dual federalism had set up that the U.S. Government could not legislate on moral issues. It was an issue that had to be decided by the states, and thus "separate but equal" could exist. Lastly, near the end of dual federalism's lifespan, both the [[Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Sixteenth]] and the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth]] Amendment bolstered the power of the national government, and divided state and federal power( Fuad Nor, 1977).