Flintshire (historic): Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Historic county of Wales}}
{{About||the modern-day county|Flintshire|the racehorse|Flintshire (horse)}}
{{Moresources|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox historic subdivision|
| Name |Name= Flintshire<br>{{lang-cy|Sir y Fflint}} = Flintshire
|HQ= native_name = {{native name|cy|Sir [[Flint,y Wales|Flint]]Fflint}}
| HQ = [[County Hall, Mold|County Hall]], [[Mold, Flintshire]]
|Government= Flintshire County Council (1889–1974)
| Government = Flintshire County Council (1889–1974)
| Origin =
| Status = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]] (until 1974)<br>[[Administrative county]] (1889–1974)
| Start = 1284
| End =
| Code = FLN
| CodeName = [[Chapman code]]
| Replace =
| Motto =
| Divisions =
| DivisionsNames =
| DivisionsMap =
| Image = [[File:Flag of Flintshire.svg|160px]]<br>[[Flag of Flintshire|Flag]] adopted in 2015
| Map = {{Switcher
| [[File:Wales Historic Counties map Flintshire.svg|250px|Flintshire shown within Wales]]
| Show location in Wales
| [[File:Flintshire Brit Isles Sect 5.svg|250px|Flintshire shown within England and Wales]]
| Show location in England and Wales
| [[File:Flintshire - British Isles.svg|250px|Flintshire shown within the United Kingdom]]
| Show location in the United Kingdom
}}
| Arms =
| Civic =
| PopulationFirst = 60,012<ref name=census_1831>Vision of Britain – [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/table_page.jsp?tab_id=GB1831ABS_M%5B1%5D&u_id=10001043&show=DB&min_c=11&max_c=15 1831 Census]</ref>
| PopulationFirstYear = 1831
| AreaFirst = {{convert|184905|acre|km2}}
| AreaFirstYear = 1831
| DensityFirst = 0.32
| DensityFirstYear = 1831
| PopulationSecond =
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}}
Until 1974, '''Flintshire''' ({{lang-cy|Sir y Fflint}}), also known as the '''County of Flint''', was an [[History of local government in Wales|administrative county]] in the [[North East Wales|north-east]] of [[Wales]], later classed as one of the thirteen [[historic counties of Wales]].
 
Most of what was Flintshire was along the north-east coast of Wales, however the county was notable for having one of the few large [[List of county exclaves in England and Wales 1844 - 1974|county exclaves]], the [[English Maelor]] ({{Lang-cy|Maelor Saesneg|label=none}}), to survive the [[Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844]].
|Origin=
|Status= [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]] (until 1974)<br>[[Administrative county]] (1889–1974)
|Start= 1284
|End=
|Code= FLN
|CodeName= [[Chapman code]]
|Replace=
|Motto=
|Divisions=
|DivisionsNames=
|DivisionsMap=
 
The administrative county of Flint was abolished under the [[Local Government Act 1972]] on 1 April 1974, and became part of the new administrative area of [[Clwyd]]. The exclaves became part of [[Wrexham Maelor]] district – other parts formed the districts of [[Alyn and Deeside (district)|Alyn and Deeside]], [[Delyn (district)|Delyn]] and [[Rhuddlan (district)|Rhuddlan]]. A [[Unitary authorities of Wales|unitary authority]], also named [[Flintshire]], was formed in 1996 under the [[Local Government (Wales) Act 1994]], consisting only of the Alyn and Deeside and Delyn districts – the Wrexham Maelor parts now form part of [[Wrexham County Borough]], with the former Rhuddlan district forming the northernmost part of the current [[Denbighshire]] unitary authority.
|Image= [[File:Flag of Flintshire.svg|160px]]<br>[[Flag of Flintshire|Flag]] adopted in 2015
|Map= [[Image:WalesFlintshireTrad.png]]<br>''Ancient extent of Flintshire''
|Arms=
|Civic=
 
==Geography==
|PopulationFirst= 60,012<ref name=census_1831>Vision of Britain – [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/table_page.jsp?tab_id=GB1831ABS_M%5B1%5D&u_id=10001043&show=DB&min_c=11&max_c=15 1831 Census]</ref>
The former county did not have the same boundaries as the current administrative county of [[Flintshire]]; in particular the former county included a large [[exclave]] called the [[English Maelor]] ({{Lang|cy|Maelor Saesneg}}); it also included [[Prestatyn]], [[Rhyl]] and [[St Asaph]] which are now administered as part of modern-day [[Denbighshire]], as well as [[Bangor-on-Dee]] and [[Overton-on-Dee]], which are administered as part of [[Wrexham County Borough]]. Other exclaves of the historic Flintshire included the manors of [[Marford|Marford and Hoseley]], Abenbury Fechan and Bryn Estyn, all on the outskirts of Wrexham, and also a small part of the parish of [[Erbistock]] around the ''Boat Inn''. These were all completely surrounded by the [[Denbighshire (historic)|historic county of Denbighshire]]. Additionally, a small part of Flintshire, including the village of [[Sealand, Flintshire|Sealand]], was isolated across the River Dee when its course was changed to improve navigation.
|PopulationFirstYear= 1831
|AreaFirst= {{convert|184905|acre|km2}}
|AreaFirstYear= 1831
|DensityFirst= 0.32
|DensityFirstYear= 1831
 
Flintshire was a maritime county bounded to the north by the [[Irish Sea]], to the north-east by the Dee estuary, to the east by [[Cheshire]] and to the south and southwest by [[Denbighshire (historic)|Denbighshire]]. The Maelor Saesneg was bounded on the north-west by Denbighshire, on the north-east by Cheshire, and on the south by [[Shropshire]]. A medium height range of hills, the [[Clwydian Range]] (part of the [[Clwydian Range and Dee Valley]] [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]]) ran in southeast-northwest direction along the border between the main part of Flintshire and Denbighshire, almost reaching the sea near Prestatyn. The [[Offa's Dyke Path]] ran along the crest of these hills.
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The highest point in the historic county ([[List of counties of England and Wales in 1964 by highest point|county top]]) was found within these hills at [[Moel Famau]], height {{convert|554.8|m|ft}}, a notable viewpoint topped by the ruined remains of the Jubilee Tower, built in 1810 to commemorate the golden jubilee of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]].
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'''Flintshire''' ({{lang-cy|Sir y Fflint}}), also known as the '''County of Flint''', is one of Wales' thirteen [[historic counties of Wales|historic counties]], and a former administrative county (and a [[Vice-counties|vice-county]]). It mostly lies on the north-east coast of [[Wales]].
 
Flintshire was the smallest of what are now known as the [[Historic counties of Wales|historic counties]] in Wales. The coast along the Dee estuary was heavily developed by industry and the north coast much developed for [[tourism]]. The Clwydian Mountains occupied much of the west of the county. The highest point was [[Moel Famau]] (1,820 feet / 554 metres). The chief towns were [[Buckley, Flintshire|Buckley]], [[Connah's Quay]], [[Flint, Wales|Flint]], [[Hawarden]], [[Holywell, Flintshire|Holywell]], [[Mold, Flintshire|Mold]], [[Queensferry, Wales|Queensferry]], and [[Shotton, Flintshire|Shotton]]. The main rivers were the [[River Dee, Wales|Dee]] (the estuary of which forms much of the coast) and the [[River Clwyd|Clwyd]]. The main industries were manufacturing of aircraft components (Airbus), engines (Toyota), paper (Shotton Paper), steel processing (Corus), agriculture and tourism.
Flintshire is notable as having one of the few large [[List of county exclaves in England and Wales 1844 - 1974|county exclaves]] (an area known as "[[Maelor#Maelor Saesneg|English Maelor]]" or "Maelor [[Saesneg]]") to survive the [[Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844]].
 
Places of special interest included castles in Flint, Hawarden, Rhuddlan and Ewloe, Greenfield Valley, St. Winefride's Well in Holywell and Wepre Country Park, in Connah's Quay.
The administrative county of Flint was abolished under the [[Local Government Act 1972]] on 1 April 1974, becoming part of the new administrative area of [[Clwyd]]. The exclaves became part of [[Wrexham Maelor]] district – other parts formed the districts of [[Alyn and Deeside (district)|Alyn and Deeside]], [[Delyn (district)|Delyn]] and [[Rhuddlan (district)|Rhuddlan]]. A [[Unitary authorities of Wales|unitary authority]], also named [[Flintshire]], was formed in 1996 under the [[Local Government (Wales) Act 1994]], consisting only of the Alyn and Deeside and Delyn districts – the Wrexham Maelor parts now form part of [[Wrexham County Borough]], with the former Rhuddlan district forming the northernmost part of the current [[Denbighshire]] unitary authority.
 
==GeographyFormation==
The historic county does not have the same boundaries as the current administrative [[Flintshire]]; in particular it includes a large [[exclave]] called [[Maelor Saesneg]]; it also includes [[Prestatyn]], [[Rhyl]] and [[St Asaph]] which are now administered as part of [[Denbighshire]], as well as [[Bangor-on-Dee]] and [[Overton-on-Dee]], which are administered as part of [[Wrexham County Borough|Wrexham]]. Other exclaves of the historic Flintshire include the manors of [[Marford|Marford and Hoseley]], Abenbury Fechan and Bryn Estyn, all on the outskirts of Wrexham, and also a small part of the parish of [[Erbistock]] around the ''Boat Inn''. These are all completely surrounded by the [[Denbighshire (historic)|historic county of Denbighshire]]. Additionally, a small part of Flintshire, including the village of [[Sealand, Flintshire|Sealand]], is isolated across the River Dee when its course was changed to improve navigation.
 
The county was formed in 1284 followingunder the defeatterms of the [[PrincipalityStatute of WalesRhuddlan]], underfollowing the termsdefeat of the [[StatutePrincipality of RhuddlanWales]]. byHowever, combiningthe region had been English since the 8th century, and formed part of ''[[CantrefCheshire]]i'' thatuntil wereit formerlywas partscaptured ofby [[Kingdomthe ofWelsh Gwynedd|Gwyneddin Isthe Conwy]]late and12th [[Powyscentury. Fadog]]In the 13th century, prior to its re-capture by the Normans, the region comprised:
 
* [[Cantref Tegeingl|Tegeingl]] (Mercian ''Englefield''), a Cantref in [[Gwynedd]]
* certain Commotes within the Cantref of [[Maelor]], in [[Powys Fadog]]:
* [[Maelor|Maelor ''Saesneg'']]
** [[English Maelor|Maelor ''Saesneg'']] (i.e., ''Saxon'' Maelor)
** [[Yr Hob]] - i.e., ''Hopedale''
** [[Ystrad Alyn]]
 
Yr Hob and Ystrad Alyn, which been part of Gwynedd earlier in the century, had become sufficiently Welsh that they were regarded as another part of ''Welsh Maelor'', rather than distinguished from it like ''English Maelor'' (''Maelor Saesneg''). They were not initially included in Flintshire, but instead became Marcher Lordships. Yr Hob became the ''Lordship of Hope'', while Ystrad Alyn was split in two - the Lordships of [[Mold, Flintshire|Mold]] and [[Hawarden]]. Following the [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542|Laws in Wales Act]] (1536), these three Lordships were merged into Flintshire.
It also included the ''Lordships'' of [[Mold, Flintshire|Mold]], [[Hawarden]], [[Mostyn]] and [[Lordship of Hope|Hope]].
 
==County offices==
Flintshire is a maritime county bounded to the north by the [[Irish Sea]], to the north-east by the Dee estuary, to the east by [[Cheshire]] and to the south and southwest by [[Denbighshire (historic)|Denbighshire]]. The Maelor Saesneg is bounded on the north-west by [[Denbighshire (historic)|Denbighshire]], on the north-east by [[Cheshire]], and on the south by [[Shropshire]].
[[File:Flintshire Shire Hall, Mold.jpg|thumb|[[County Hall, Mold]]]]
 
Flintshire County Council established its base at the old County Hall in Chester Street in Mold.<ref>{{NHAW|num=360|desc=Old County Hall|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> Additional facilities acquired included a local militia barracks (originally designed by [[Thomas Mainwaring Penson]]) which was converted for use as council offices in the late 1880s.<ref>{{Citation | last =Hubbard | first =Edward | author-link = Edward Hubbard (architectural historian) | series= The Buildings of Wales |title = Clwyd | publisher =[[Penguin Books|Penguin]] | year = 1986| location =London | isbn =0-14-071052-3 |pages=393–395}}</ref> After finding, in the 1930s, that the Chester Street facilities were too cramped, county leaders decided to procure modern facilities:<ref name=live>{{cite web|url=https://www.leaderlive.co.uk/news/16257950.molds-modernist-masterpiece-shire-hall-marks-50-years-of-civic-service/|title=Mold's modernist masterpiece Shire Hall marks 50 years of civic service|date=30 May 2018|publisher=Leader Live|access-date=18 October 2019}}</ref> the site they selected formed part of the Llwynegrin Hall estate which was acquired for the purpose.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.old-maps.co.uk/#/Map/324056/364990/10/101071|title=Ordnance Survey Ma|year=1914|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> The new building, known as [[County Hall, Mold]], was completed in October 1967.<ref name=live/>
Flintshire is the smallest [[Historic counties of Wales|historic county]] in Wales. The coast along the Dee estuary is heavily developed by industry and the north coast much developed for [[tourism]]. The Clwydian Mountains occupy much of the west of the county. The highest point is [[Moel Famau]] (1,820 feet / 554 metres). The chief towns are [[Buckley]], [[Connah's Quay]], [[Flint, Wales|Flint]], [[Hawarden]], [[Holywell]], [[Mold, Flintshire|Mold]], [[Queensferry, Wales|Queensferry]], and [[Shotton, Flintshire|Shotton]]. The main rivers are the [[River Dee, Wales|Dee]] (the estuary of which forms much of the coast) and the [[River Clwyd|Clwyd]]. The main industries are manufacturing of aircraft components (Airbus), engines (Toyota), paper (Shotton Paper), steel processing (Corus), agriculture and tourism.
 
Places of special interest include castles in Flint, Hawarden, Rhuddlan and Ewloe, and Wepre Country Park, Connah's Quay.
 
==See also==
Line 73 ⟶ 92:
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
*[https://wikishire.co.uk/map/#flintshire/base=outline Map of Flintshire] on Wikishire
 
{{Flintshire}}