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Flower-class corvette

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For other naval ship classes of the same name, see Flower class.

The Flower class corvette [1] [2] [3] (also referred to as the Gladiolus class)[4] was a class of 267 corvettes used during World War II, specifically with the Allied navies as anti-submarine convoy escorts during the Battle of the Atlantic. Several vessels saw service with the United States Navy where they were known as Action-class patrol gunboats.

USS Intensity (PG-93)
Class overview
Operatorslist error: <br /> list (help)
during World War II (Allies):

 Royal Navy
Canada Royal Canadian Navy
 United States Navy

Free France Greece India Netherlands New Zealand Norway South Africa

during World War II (Axis) - seized during construction:

 Kriegsmarine

after World War II:

Argentina Chile Dominican Republic Greece India Israel Republic of Ireland South Africa Venezuela
Completed225 (original), 69 (modified)
Cancelled5 (original), 6 (modified)
Lost33 World War II (22 to submarines)
Preserved1
General characteristics (Flower-class corvette (original))
TypeCorvette
Displacement925 long tons (940 t; 1,036 short tons)
Length205 feet (62.48 m)o/a
Beam33 feet (10.06 m)
Draught11.5 feet (3.51 m)
Propulsionlist error: <br /> list (help)
1939-1940 program
  • single shaft
  • 2 x fire tube Scotch boilers
  • 1 x 4-cycle triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine
  • 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW)

1940-1941 program

  • single shaft
  • 2 x water tube boilers
  • 1 x 4-cycle triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine
  • 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW)
Speed16 knots (29.6 km/h)
Range3,500 nautical miles (6,482 km) at 12 knots (22.2 km/h)
Complement85
Sensors and
processing systems		list error: mixed text and list (help)
  • 1 x SW1C or 2C radar
  • 1 x Type 123A or Type 127DV sonar
Armamentlist error: mixed text and list (help)
General characteristics Flower-class corvette (modified)
Displacement1,015 long tons (1,031 t; 1,137 short tons)
Length208 feet (63.40 m)o/a
Beam33 feet (10.06 m)
Draught11 feet (3.35 m)
Propulsionlist error: mixed text and list (help)
  • single shaft
  • 2 x water tube boilers
  • 1 x 4-cycle triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine
  • 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW)
Speed16 knots (29.6 km/h)
Range3,500 nautical miles (6,482 km) at 12 knots (22.2 km/h)
Complement90
Sensors and
processing systems		list error: mixed text and list (help)
  • 1 x Type 271 SW2C radar
  • 1 x Type 144 sonar
Armamentlist error: mixed text and list (help)

The majority served during World War II with the Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), with some being built for, or transferred to, other Allied navies such as the United States Navy (USN) (where some were manned by the U.S. Coast Guard)[5], the Free French Naval Forces, the Royal Netherlands Navy, the Royal Norwegian Navy, the Royal Indian Navy, the Royal Hellenic Navy, the Royal New Zealand Navy and, immediately post-war, the South African Navy. Several ships built largely in Canada were transferred between the USN and RN under the lend-lease program, seeing service in both navies.

After World War II many surplus Flower-class vessels saw use in non-Allied navies the world over, as well as civilian use. HMCS Sackville (K181) is the only member of the class to be preserved as a museum ship.

Class designation

The term "corvette" was originally a French name for a small sailing warship, intermediate between the frigate and the sloop-of-war. In the 1830s the term was adopted by the RN for sailing warships of roughly similar size, primarily operating in the shipping protection role. With the arrival of steam power, paddle- and later screw-driven corvettes were built for the same purpose, growing in power, size, and armament over the decades. In 1877, the RN abolished the "corvette" as a traditional category; corvettes and frigates were then combined into a new category, "cruiser."

The months leading up to World War II saw the RN return to the concept of a small escort warship being used in the shipping protection role. The Flower-class was based on a whale-catcher design and apparently Sir Winston Churchill labelled them "corvettes", thus restoring the title for the RN. As such, there is no linear link between the Flower-class and the cruising vessels of post-1877.

There are two distinct groups of vessels in this class: the original Flower-class which was a group of 225 vessels ordered during the 1939 and 1940 building programs; and the modified Flower-class which followed with a further 69 vessels ordered from 1940 onward. The modified "Flower"s were slightly larger and somewhat better armed.

In addition, those Flower-class vessels which saw service with the USN are also known as Action-class gunboats and carried the hull classification symbol PG (Patrol Gunboat), regardless of whether they were original or modified designs.

The generic term "Flower" is derived from the RN's use of flower names for the class.

Design

The design of the Flower-class was inspired by whale catcher Southern Pride, constructed by the Smiths Dock Company of Middlesbrough. The class was intended to be a "stop-gap" measure for the Allied navies in their battle against Kriegsmarine U-boats. They were intended as small convoy escort ships that could be produced quickly and cheaply in large numbers. Despite naval planners intentions that they be deployed for coastal convoys, their long range meant that they became the mainstay of Mid-Ocean Escort Force convoy protection during the first half of the war.

The Flower class became an essential resource for North Atlantic convoy protection until larger vessels such as destroyers and frigates could be produced in sufficient quantities. The simple design of the Flower class using parts and techniques common to merchant shipping meant they could be constructed in small commercial shipyards all over the United Kingdom and eastern Canada, where larger (or more sophisticated) warships[6] could not otherwise be built. Additionally, the use of commercial machinery meant the largely Royal Naval Reserve and Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve crews to man them would be familiar with their operation.

Flower-class vessels were relatively slow for a warship with maximum speed of 16 kn (30 km/h). They were also very lightly armed as they were intended solely for anti-submarine warfare; many of the RCN's original Flower-class ships were initially fitted with minesweeping equipment, while virtually all of the modified Flower's were fitted with a limited anti-aircraft capability.

The original Flowers had the standard RN layout, consisting of a raised forecastle, a well deck, then the bridge or wheelhouse, and a continuous deck running aft. The modified Flowers saw the forecastle extended aft past the bridge to the aft end of the funnel, a variation known as the "long forecastle" design. Apart from providing a very useful space where the whole crew could gather out of the weather, the added weight improved the ships' stability and speed and was retrospectively applied to a number of the original Flower-class vessels during the mid and latter years of the war.

The original Flowers had a mast located immediately forward the bridge, a notable exception to naval practice at that time. The modified Flowers saw the mast returned to the normal position immediately aft of the bridge, however this does not seem to have been done in all of the modified builds or conversions of the original vessels.

A cruiser stern finished the appearance for all vessels in the class.

Orders

The RN ordered 145 Flower-class corvettes in 1939, the first 26 on 25 July with a further batch of 30 on 31 August, all under the 1939 Pre-War Programme. Following the outbreak of World War II, on 19 September the British Admiralty ordered another 20 (all from Harland & Wolff) under the 1939 War Programme. This was followed by an order for a further ten Flower-class corvettes from other British shipbuilders two days later. Another 18 were ordered on 12 December and an additional two on 15 December, again from British shipbuilders. The RN ordered the last ten vessels (under the 1939 War Programme) from Canadian shipbuilders in January 1940.

Thus, by the end of January 1940, a total of 116 ships were building or on order to this initial design. The 10 vessels ordered from Canadian shipbuilders were transferred to the RCN upon completion. Another four vessels were ordered at Smiths Dock Company for the French Navy, the first ship being completed for the Free French Naval Forces in mid-1940 and the other three being taken over by the RN. Another 31 Flowers were ordered by the RN under the 1940 War Programme, but six of these (ordered from Harland & Wolff) were cancelled on 23 January 1941.

The RN ordered 27 modified Flower-class corvettes under the 1941 and 1942 War Programmes. British shipbuilders were contracted to build seven of these vessels under the 1941 Programme and 5 vessels under the 1942 Programme, however two vessels (one from each year's Programme) were later cancelled. Additionally, the RN ordered 15 modified Flowers from Canadian shipyards under the 1941 programme; eight of these were transferred to the USN under the Lend-Lease Programme.

The RCN ordered 70 original and 34 modified Flower-class from Canadian shipbuilders. The Canadian shipbuilders also built seven original Flowers ordered by the USN, however these vessels were transferred to the RN under the Lend-Lease Programme upon completion as wartime shipbuilding production in the United States had reached the level where the USN could dispense with vessels it had ordered in Canada. The RCN vessels had several design variations from their RN counterparts: the "bandstand," where the aft pom-pom gun was mounted, was moved to the rear of the superstructure; the galley was also moved forward, immediately abaft the engine room.

Kriegsmarine use

Six Flowers had been ordered by the French Navy and were under construction in Saint-Nazaire at the time of the Fall of France. They were seized by Nazi Germany and four were completed for service in the Kriegsmarine. They were launched in 1943-1944 under the names PA-1 through PA-4.

Their logs have all been lost, however it is thought their war careers consisted of a mixture of coastal patrol and escort with at least one specially adapted as a sea-mobile heavy anti-aircraft platform. PA-4 (formerly FFL Poignard) was sunk as a blockship [1] and the other three were put out of action or sunk by Allied air attacks.

Armament

The original Flower-class were fitted with a 4 inch (102 mm) gun on the bow, depth charge racks carrying 40 charges on the stern, a minesweeping winch, and a 2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom gun on a "bandstand" over the engine room.

Due to initial shortages, a pair of Lewis guns was sometimes substituted for the pom-pom, which would have left the ship very vulnerable to aircraft attack in its envisaged role of coastal convoy escort and patrol in the North Sea. The long-range endurance of the vessels, coupled with early war-time shortages of larger escort warships, saw Flowers assigned to trans-Atlantic convoy escort where Luftwaffe fighter-bombers were rarely encountered. Vessels assigned to the Mediterranean Sea usually had their anti-aircraft capability significantly upgraded.

Detection capability was provided by a fixed ASDIC dome; this was later modified to be retractable. Subsequent inventions such as the High Frequency Radio Detection Finder (Huff-Duff) were later added, along with various radar systems (such as the Type 271), which proved particularly effective in low-visibility conditions in the North Atlantic.

The Flower-class had been designed for inshore patrol and harbour anti-submarine defence, thus many required minor modifications when the Allied navies began deploying these vessels as trans-Atlantic convoy escorts. These small warships could be supported by any small dockyard or naval station, therefore many ships came to have a variety of different weapons systems and design modifications depending upon when and where they were refitted; there is really no such thing as a 'standard Flower-class corvette'

Several of the major changes that vessels in the class underwent are indicated below, in a typical chronological order:

  • Original twin mast configuration changed to single mast in front of the bridge, then moved behind the bridge for improved visibility.
  • Heavy minesweeping gear removed for deep-sea escort work and to improve range.
  • Galley relocated from the stern to midships.
  • Extra depth-charge storage racks were fitted at the stern. Later more depth-charges stowed along walkways.
  • Hedgehog fitted to enable remote attacks while keeping ASDIC contact.
  • Surface radar fitted in a "lantern" housing on the bridge.
  • Forecastle lengthened to midships to provide more accommodation and better seaworthiness. Several vessels were given a "three-quarters length" extension.
  • Increased flare at the bow. This and the above modification created the modified Flower design for subsequent orders.
  • Various changes to the bridge, typically lowering and lengthening it. Enclosed compass house removed.
  • Extra twin Lewis guns mounted on the bridge or engine room roof.
  • Oerlikon 20 mm cannons fitted, usually two on the bridge wings but sometimes as many as six spread out along the engine-room roof, depending on the theatre of operations.

Note any particular ship may have had any mix of these (including none), in any order, or other specialist one-off modifications. Ships allocated to other navies such as the RCN or USN usually had different armament (3 inch {76 mm}/50 cal) and deck layouts.

A major difference between the RN vessels and the RCN, USN, and other navies' vessels was the provision of upgraded ASDIC and radar. The RN was a world leader in developing these technologies, thus RN Flowers were somewhat better equipped for remote detection of enemy submarines. A good example of this is the difficulty that RCN Flowers had in intercepting U-boats with their Canadian-designed SW1C metric radar while the RN vessels were equipped with the technologically advanced Type 271 centimetric sets. In addition, RCN vessels were incapable of operating gyrocompasses, making ASDIC attacks more difficult.

Operations

Flower-class corvettes were used extensively by both the RN and RCN during the Battle of the Atlantic. They also saw limited service elsewhere with the RN, as well as the USN and several Allied navies such as the Royal Netherlands Navy, the Royal Norwegian Navy, the Royal Hellenic Navy, the Free French Naval Forces, the Royal Indian Navy, and the Royal New Zealand Navy.

Most RN Flower-class ships drew their officers and crew from the Royal Naval Reserve and the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR). Many RN Flowers had captains drawn from the merchant navy.

Service on Flowers in the North Atlantic was typically cold, wet, monotonous and uncomfortable. Every dip of the fo'c'sle into an oncoming wave was followed by a cascade of water into the well deck amidships.[7] Men at action stations were drenched with spray and water entered living spaces through hatches opened to access ammunition magazines.[7] Interior decks were constantly wet and condensation dripped from the overheads.[7] The head (or sanitary toilet) was drained by a straight pipe to the ocean; and a reverse flow of the icy North Atlantic would cleanse the backside of those using it during rough weather.[7] By 1941, corvettes carried twice as many crewmen as anticipated in the original design.[7] Men slept on lockers or tabletops or in any dark place that offered a little warmth.[7] The warships were nicknamed "the pekingese of the ocean". They had a reputation of having poor sea-handling characteristics, most often rolling in heavy seas, with complete 80-degree rolls (40 degrees each side of the normal upright position) being fairly common; it was said they "would roll on wet grass".[8] Many crewmen suffered severe motion sickness for a few weeks until they acclimatised to shipboard life.[7] It should be noted however, the general design of the Flowers was extremely seaworthy (just poor sea-handling characteristics), as no Allied sailor was ever lost overboard from a Flower during World War II, outside of enemy action.

A typical action by a Flower during convoy escort duties should she encounter a surfaced U-boat was to run directly at the submarine to force it to dive (thus limiting the speed and manoeverability of the U-boat). The corvette would then keep the submarine down and pre-occupied with avoiding depth charge attacks long enough to allow the convey to safely pass. The low 16kt top speed of the Flower-class ships made effective pursuit of a surfaced U-boat (17.7kt) impossible, though it was adequate to manoeveure around submerged U-boats (8kt) or convoys, which ran at a typical maximum of 8kt, and sometimes much less in poor weather.

This technique was hampered when the Kriegsmarine began deploying its U-boats in "wolf-pack" attacks, which were intended to overwhelm the escort warships of a convoy and allow at least one of the submarines to attack the merchant vessels. Upgrades in sensors and armament for the Flowers, such as radar, HF/DF, depth-charge projectors, and ASDIC, meant these small warships were well equipped to detect and defend against such attacks, but the tactical advantage often lay with the attackers, who could operate a cat-and-mouse series of attacks intended to draw the defending Flower off-station.

Success for the Flowers, therefore, should be measured in terms of tonnage protected, rather than U-boats sunk. Typical reports of convoy actions by these craft include numerous instances of U-boat detection near a convoy, followed by brief engagements using guns or depth-charges and a rapid return to station as another U-boat took advantage of the initial skirmish to attack the unguarded convoy. Continuous actions of this kind against a numerically superior U-boat pack demanded considerable seamanship skills from all concerned, and were very wearing on the crews.

Thirty-six ships in the class were lost during World War II, many due to enemy action, some to collision with Allied warships and merchant ships. One, sunk in shallow water, was raised and repaired. Of the vessels lost to enemy action, 22 were torpedoed by U-boats, five were mined, and four were sunk by enemy aircraft. The Flower-class corvettes are credited with participating in the sinking of 47 German and four Italian submarines.

Construction of the Flower-class was superseded toward the end of the war as larger shipyards concentrated on River-class frigates, and smaller yards on the improved Castle-class corvette design.

The Flower class represented fully half of all Allied convoy escort vessels in the North Atlantic during World War II.

Ships

The following tables list all Flower-class corvettes which served in the Allied navies during World War II.

Flower class (original)

Free French Navy

Free French Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
FFL Aconit (K58) Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Troon 25 Mar 1940 31 Mar 1941 23 Jul 1941 30 April 1947 Formerly HMS Aconite (K58). Transferred on 23 Jul 1941 to the Free French Navy. Returned to RN on 30 Apr 1947.
FFL Alysse (K100) George Brown & Co., Greenock 24 Jun 1940 3 Mar 1941 17 Jun 1941 9 Feb 1942 Formerly HMS Alyssum (K100). Transferred on 17 Jun 1941 to the Free French Navy. Torpedoed and sunk on 9 Feb 1942 by U-654 while escorting convoy ON-60 approximately 420 nautical miles (780 km) east of Cape Race at 46-00N, 44-00W. 36 crew were killed.
FFL Commandant d'Estienne d'Orves (K93) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 26 May 1941 17 Jan 1942 23 May 1942 31 May 1947 Formerly HMS Lotus (K93). Transferred on 23 May 1942 to the Free French Navy upon completion. Returned to RN on 31 May 1947.
FFL Commandant Detroyat (K183) Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen 19 Sep 1940 9 Jun 1941 16 Sep 1941 1947 Formerly HMS Coriander (K183). Transferred on 16 Sep 1941 to the Free French Navy. Returned to RN in 1947.
FFL Commandant Drogou (K195) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 17 Dec 1940 11 Apr 1941 15 Jan 1942 May 1947 Formerly HMS Chrysanthemum (K195). Transferred on 26 Jan 1942 to the Free French Navy. Returned to the RN in May 1947.
FFL La Bastiaise Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 18 Nov 1939 8 Apr 1940 22 Jun 1940 22 Jun 1940 First and only Flower-class corvette commissioned into the French Navy before the Fall of France. Mined during sea trials off Hartlepool on day of her commissioning.
FFL Lobelia (K05) Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen 27 Jun 1940 15 Feb 1941 16 Jul 1941 Apr 1947 Formerly HMS Lobelia (K05). Transferred on 16 Jul 1941 to the Free French Navy. Returned to the RN in Apr 1947.
FFL Mimosa (K11) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 22 Apr 1940 18 Jan 1941 11 May 1941 9 Jun 1942 Formerly HMS Mimosa (K11). Transferred on 11 May 1941 to the Free French Navy. Torpedoed and sunk on 9 Jun 1942 by U-124 while escorting convoy ONS-100 at 52-12N, 32-37W. 58 French and 6 British crew were killed; the French crew being largely from Saint Pierre and Miquelon. 4 survivors rescued by HMCS Assiniboine (I18).
FFL Renoncule (K117) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 19 Jul 1940 25 Jun 1941 28 Jul 1941 1947 Formerly HMS Ranonculus (K117). Transferred on 28 Jul 1941 to the Free French Navy. Returned to the RN in 1947.
FFL Roselys (K57) J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen 4 Nov 1940 28 May 1941 19 Sep 1941 1947 Formerly HMS Sundew (K57). Transferred on 19 Sep 1941 to the Free French Navy. Returned to RN in 1947.

Royal Canadian Navy

Royal Canadian Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
HMCS Agassiz (K129) Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd., North Vancouver 29 Apr 1940 15 Aug 1940 23 Jan 1941 14 Jun 1945 Sold on 16 Nov 1945.
HMCS Alberni (K103) Yarrows Ltd., Esquimalt 29 Apr 1940 22 Aug 1940 4 Feb 1941 21 Aug 1944 Torpedoed and sunk on 21 Aug 1944 by U-480 while escorting a convoy in the English Channel south of St. Catherine's Point at 50-18N, 00-51W. 59 crew killed and 31 rescued by RN motor torpedo boats.
HMCS Algoma (K127) Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur 18 Jun 1940 17 Dec 1940 11 Jul 1941 6 Jul 1945 Transferred in 1945 to Venezuela as Constitucion.
HMCS Amherst (K148) Saint John Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Saint John 23 May 1940 4 Dec 1940 5 Aug 1941 16 Jul 1945 Wrecked in 1945 while under tow.
HMCS Arrowhead (K145) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 11 Apr 1940 8 Aug 1940 22 Nov 1940 27 Jun 1945 Formerly HMS Arrowhead (K145). Transferred to RCN 22 Nov 1940. Returned to RN 27 Jun 1945.
HMCS Arvida (K113) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 28 Feb 1940 21 Sep 1940 22 May 1941 14 Jun 1945 Sold in 1950 to Spain as mercantile La Ceie.
HMCS Baddeck (K147) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 14 Aug 1940 20 Nov 1940 18 May 1941 4 Jul 1945 Sold in 1947 as mercantile Efthai.
HMCS Barrie (K138) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 4 Apr 1940 23 Nov 1940 12 May 1941 26 Jun 1945 Sold in 1947 as mercantile Gasestado.
HMCS Battleford (K165) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 30 Sep 1940 15 Apr 1941 31 Jul 1941 18 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 to Venezuela as Libertad.
HMCS Bittersweet (K182) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 17 Apr 1940 12 Sep 1940 23 Jan 1941 22 Jun 1945 Formerly HMS Bittersweet (K182). Transferred to RCN 23 Jan 1941. Returned to RN 22 Jun 1945.
HMCS Brandon (K149) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 10 Oct 1940 29 Apr 1941 22 Jul 1941 22 Jun 1945 Sold on 5 Oct 1945.
HMCS Brantford (K218) Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland 24 Feb 1941 6 Sep 1941 15 May 1942 17 Aug 1945 Sold in 1950 as mercantile Olympi Arrow.
HMCS Buctouche (K179) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 14 Aug 1940 20 Nov 1940 5 Jun 1941 15 Jun 1945 Sold on 23 Oct 1945. Scrapped in 1949 at Hamilton.
HMCS Calgary (K231) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 22 Mar 1941 23 Aug 1941 16 Dec 1941 19 Jun 1945 Sold 30 Aug 1946. Scrapped 1951 at Hamilton.
HMCS Camrose (K154) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 17 Sep 1940 16 Nov 1940 30 Jun 1941 22 Jul 1945 Scrapped in Canada.
HMCS Chambly (K116) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 20 Feb 1940 29 Jul 1940 18 Dec 1940 20 Jun 1945 Sold in 1952 to the Netherlands as mercantile Sonia Vinkle. Scrapped in Oct 1966 at Santander.
HMCS Charlottetown (K244) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 7 Jun 1941 10 Sep 1941 13 Dec 1941 11 Sep 1942 Torpedoed and sunk on 11 Sep 1942 by U-517 while escorting convoy SQ-30 in the St. Lawrence River north of Cap Chat at 49-10N, 66-50W. 9 crew killed.
HMCS Chicoutimi (K156) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 5 Jul 1940 16 Oct 1940 12 May 1941 16 Jun 1945 Scrapped in 1946 at Hamilton.
HMCS Chilliwack (K131) Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd., North Vancouver 3 Jul 1940 14 Sep 1940 8 Apr 1941 14 Jul 1945 Sold on 5 Oct 1945. Scrapped in 1946 at Hamilton.
HMCS Cobalt (K124) Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur 1 Apr 1940 17 Aug 1940 25 Nov 1940 17 Jun 1945 Sold in 1953 to the Netherlands as mercantile Johanna W. Vinke. Scrapped 15 Dec 1961 in South Africa.
HMCS Collingwood (K180) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 2 Mar 1940 27 Jul 1940 19 Nov 1940 23 Jul 1945 Scrapped in 1950 at Hamilton.
HMCS Dauphin (K157) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 6 Jul 1940 24 Oct 1940 17 May 1941 20 Jun 1945 Sold in 1949 to Honduras as mercantile Cortes.
HMCS Dawson (K104) Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd., Victoria 7 Sep 1940 8 Feb 1941 6 Oct 1941 19 Jun 1945 Scrapped in 1946 at Hamilton.
HMCS Drumheller (K167) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 4 Dec 1940 5 Jul 1941 13 Sep 1941 11 Jul 1945 Scrapped in 1949 at Hamilton.
HMCS Dundas (K229) Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd., Victoria 19 Mar 1941 25 Jul 1941 1 Apr 1942 17 Jul 1945 Sold on 23 Oct 1945.
HMCS Dunvegan (K177) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 30 Aug 1940 11 Dec 1940 9 Sep 1941 3 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 to Venezuela as Independencia. Scrapped in 1953.
HMCS Edmundston (K106) Yarrows Ltd., Esquimalt 23 Aug 1940 22 Feb 1941 21 Oct 1941 16 Jun 1945 Sold in 1948 to Liberia as mercantile Amapala.
HMCS Eyebright (K150) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 20 Feb 1940 22 Jul 1940 26 Nov 1940 17 Jun 1945 Formerly HMS Eyebright (K150). Transferred to RCN 26 Nov 1940. Returned to RN 17 Jun 1945.
HMCS Fennel (K194) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 29 Mar 1940 20 Aug 1940 15 May 1941 12 Jun 1945 Formerly HMS Fennel (K194). Transferred to RCN 15 May 1941. Returned to RN 12 Jun 1945.
HMCS Fredericton (K245) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 22 Mar 1941 2 Sep 1941 8 Dec 1941 14 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 as mercantile Tra Los Montes. Resold in 1950 as whaler Olympic Fighter and in 1956 as Otori Maru No. 6.
HMCS Galt (K163) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 27 May 1940 28 Dec 1940 15 May 1941 21 Jun 1945 Sold on 5 Oct 1945. Scrapped in 1946 at Hamilton.
HMCS Halifax (K237) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 26 Apr 1941 4 Oct 1941 26 Nov 1941 12 Jul 1945 Sold in 1945 as mercantile Halifax.
HMCS Hepatica (K159) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 24 Feb 1940 6 Jul 1940 15 May 1941 27 Jun 1945 Formerly HMS Hepatica (K159). Transferred to RCN 15 May 1941. Returned to RN 27 Jun 1945.
HMCS Kamloops (K176) Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd., Victoria 29 Apr 1940 7 Aug 1940 17 Mar 1941 27 Jun 1945 Sold on 19 Oct 1945.
HMCS Kamsack (K171) Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur 20 Nov 1940 5 May 1941 4 Oct 1941 22 Jul 1945 Sold in 1945 to Venezuela as Carabobo. Lost in Dec 1945.
HMCS Kenogami (K125) Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur 20 Apr 1940 5 Sep 1940 29 Jun 1941 9 Jul 1945 Scrapped in Jan 1950 in Canada.
HMCS Kitchener (K225) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 28 Feb 1941 18 Nov 1941 28 Jun 1942 11 Jul 1945 Formerly HMCS Vancouver (K225). Scrapped in Sep 1949 in Canada.
HMCS La Malbaie (K273) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 22 Mar 1941 25 Oct 1941 28 Apr 1942 28 Jun 1945 Formerly HMCS Fort William (K236). Sold on 17 Oct 1945.
HMCS Lethbridge (K160) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 5 Aug 1940 21 Nov 1940 25 Jun 1941 23 Jul 1945 Sold in 1952 to the Netherlands as mercantile Nicolaas Vinke. Scrapped in Sep 1966 at Santander.
HMCS Levis (K115) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 11 Mar 1940 4 Sep 1940 16 May 1941 19 Sep 1941 Torpedoed and sunk 19 Sep 1941 by U-74 while escorting convoy SC-44 east of Cape Farewell at 60-07N, 38-37W. 18 crew killed and 91 rescued.
HMCS Louisburg (K143) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 4 Oct 1940 27 May 1941 2 Oct 1941 6 Feb 1943 Bombed and torpedoed on 6 Feb 1943 by Luftwaffe aircraft while escorting convoy KMF-8 off Cape Tenes in Mediterranean Sea at 36-15N, 00-15E. 59 crew killed, 50 rescued.
HMCS Lunenburg (K151) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 28 Sep 1940 10 Jul 1941 4 Dec 1941 23 Jul 1945 Scrapped in Jun 1946 in Canada.
HMCS Matapedia (K112) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 2 Feb 1940 14 Sep 1940 9 May 1941 16 Jun 1945 Scrapped in Dec 1950 in Canada.
HMCS Mayflower (K191) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 20 Feb 1940 3 Jul 1940 15 May 1941 31 May 1945 Formerly HMS Mayflower (K191). Transferred to the RCN 15 May 1941. Returned to RN 31 May 1945.
HMCS Midland (K220) Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland 24 Feb 1941 25 Jun 1941 17 Nov 1941 15 Jul 1945 Sold on 19 Nov 1945. Scrapped in 1946 at Fort William.
HMCS Moncton (K139) Saint John Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Saint John 17 Dec 1940 11 Aug 1941 24 Apr 1942 12 Dec 1945 Sold in 1955 to the Netherlands as mercantile Willem Vinke. Scrapped in 1966 at Santander.
HMCS Moosejaw (K164) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 12 Aug 1940 9 Apr 1941 19 Jun 1941 8 Jul 1945 Scrapped in Sep 1949 in Canada.
HMCS Morden (K170) Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur 25 Oct 1940 5 May 1941 6 Sep 1941 29 Jun 1945 Scrapped in Nov 1946 in Canada.
HMCS Nanaimo (K101) Yarrows Ltd., Esquimalt 27 Apr 1940 28 Oct 1940 26 Apr 1941 28 Sep 1945 Sold in 1953 to the Netherlands as mercantile Rene W. Vinke.
HMCS Napanee (K118) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 20 Mar 1940 31 Aug 1940 12 May 1941 12 Jul 1945 Scrapped in Jun 1946 in Canada.
HMCS New Westminster (K228) Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd., Victoria 4 Feb 1941 14 May 1941 31 Jan 1942 21 Jun 1945 Sold in 1950 as mercantile Elisa. Resold in 1952 as mercantile Portoviejo and in 1954 as mercantile Azura. Scrapped in 1966 at Tampa.
HMCS Oakville (K178) Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur 21 Dec 1940 21 Jun 1941 18 Nov 1941 20 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 to Venezuela as Patria.
HMCS Orillia (K119) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 4 Mar 1940 15 Sep 1940 25 Nov 1940 2 Jul 1945 Scrapped in Jan 1951 in Canada.
HMCS Pictou (K146) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 12 Jul 1940 5 Oct 1940 29 Apr 1941 12 Jul 1945 Sold in 1950 as mercantile Olympic Chaser. Resold in 1956 as mercantile Otori Maru No. 7. Converted in 1963 to a barge.
HMCS Port Arthur (K233) Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur 28 Apr 1941 18 Sep 1941 26 May 1942 11 Jul 1945 Sold on 23 Oct 1945. Scrapped in 1948 at Hamilton.
HMCS Prescott (K161) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 31 Aug 1940 7 Jan 1941 26 Jun 1941 20 Jul 1945
HMCS Quesnel (K133) Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd., Victoria 9 May 1940 12 Nov 1940 23 May 1941 3 Jul 1945 Sold on 5 Oct 1945. Scrapped in 1946 at Hamilton.
HMCS Regina (K234) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 22 Mar 1941 14 Oct 1941 22 Jan 1942 8 Aug 1944 Torpedoed and sunk on 8 Aug 1944 by U-667 off Trevose Head at 50-42N, 05-03W. 30 crew were killed.
HMCS Rimouski (K121) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 12 Jul 1940 3 Oct 1940 26 Apr 1941 24 Jul 1945 Scrapped in Dec 1950 in Canada.
HMCS Rosthern (K169) Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur 18 Jun 1940 30 Nov 1940 17 Jun 1941 19 Jul 1945 Scrapped in Jun 1946 in Canada.
HMCS Sackville (K181) Saint John Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Saint John 28 May 1940 15 May 1941 30 Dec 1941 8 Apr 1946 Transferred in 1953 to Department of Fisheries as research ship Sackville. Acquired in 1982 by the Canadian Naval Corvette Trust and restored to 1944 configuration. Now a museum ship at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic in Halifax, operated by the Canadian Naval Memorial Trust.
HMCS Saskatoon (K158) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 9 Aug 1940 7 Nov 1940 9 Jun 1941 25 Jun 1945 Sold in 1948 as whaling ship Tra los Montes. Resold in 1950 as mercantile Olympic Fighter, in 1956 as Otori Maru No. 6, and in 1961 as Kyo Maru No. 20.
HMCS Shawinigan (K136) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 4 Jun 1940 16 May 1941 19 Sep 1941 25 Nov 1944 Torpedoed and sunk with all hands 25 Nov 1944 by U-1228 in the Cabot Strait at 47-34N, 59-11W.
HMCS Shediac (K110) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 5 Oct 1940 29 Apr 1941 8 Jul 1941 28 Aug 1945 Sold in 1954 to the Netherlands as mercantile Jooske W. Vinke. Scrapped in 1966 at Santander.
HMCS Sherbrooke (K152) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 5 Aug 1940 25 Oct 1940 5 Jun 1941 28 Jun 1945 Scrapped in May 1947 in Canada.
HMCS Snowberry (K166) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 24 Feb 1940 8 Aug 1940 26 Nov 1940 8 Jun 1945 Formerly HMS Snowberry (K166). Transferred to the RCN on 26 Nov 1940. Returned to the RN on 8 Jun 1945.
HMCS Sorel (K153) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 24 Aug 1940 16 Nov 1940 19 Aug 1941 22 Jun 1945 Sold on 16 Nov 1945.
HMCS Spikenard (K198) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 24 Feb 1940 10 Aug 1940 15 May 1941 11 Feb 1942 Formerly HMS Spikenard (K198). Transferred to RCN 15 May 1941. Torpedoed and sunk on 11 Feb 1942 by U-136 while escorting convoy SC-67 west of Malin Head at 56-10N, 21-07W. 8 crew survived.
HMCS Sudbury (K162) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 25 Jan 1941 31 May 1941 15 Oct 1941 28 Aug 1945 Sold in 1949 as mercantile Sudbury. Scrapped 1967.
HMCS Summerside (K141) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 4 Oct 1940 7 May 1941 11 Sep 1941 6 Jul 1945 Scrapped in Jun 1946 in Canada.
HMCS The Pas (K168) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 7 Jan 1941 16 Aug 1941 21 Oct 1941 24 Jul 1945 Sold on 16 Sep 1945. Scrapped 1946 at Hamilton.
HMCS Timmins (K223) Yarrows Ltd., Esquimalt 14 Dec 1940 26 Jun 1941 10 Feb 1942 15 Jul 1945 Sold in 1948 as mercantile Guayaquil. Lost on 3 Aug 1960.
HMCS Trail (K174) Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd., North Vancouver 20 Jul 1940 16 Oct 1940 30 Apr 1941 17 Jul 1945 Scrapped in Aug 1950 in Canada.
HMCS Trillium (K172) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 20 Feb 1940 26 Jun 1940 31 Oct 1940 27 Jun 1945 Formerly HMS Trillium (K172). Transferred to RCN 31 Oct 1940. Returned to RN 27 Jun 1945.
HMCS Vancouver (K240) Yarrows Ltd., Esquimalt 16 Jun 1941 26 Aug 1941 20 Mar 1942 26 Jun 1945 Formerly HMCS Kitchener (K240).
HMCS Ville de Quebec (K242) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 7 Jun 1941 12 Nov 1941 24 May 1942 6 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 as mercantile Dispina. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Dorothea Paxos, in 1948 as Tanya, and in 1949 as Medex.
HMCS Wetaskiwin (K175) Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd., North Vancouver 11 Apr 1940 18 Jul 1940 17 Dec 1940 19 Jun 1945 Formerly HMCS Banff (K175). Sold in 1946 to Venezuela as Victor.
HMCS Weyburn (K173) Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur 21 Dec 1940 26 Jul 1941 26 Nov 1941 22 Feb 1943 Mined on 22 Feb 1943 off Cape Espartel at 36-46N, 06-02W. 7 crew were killed.
HMCS Windflower (K155) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 25 Feb 1940 4 Jul 1940 15 May 1941 7 Dec 1941 Formerly HMS Windflower (K155). Transferred to RCN 15 May 1941. Sunk 7 Dec 1941 while excorting convoy SC-58 after collision with freighter Zypenberg in dense fog on the Grand Banks at 46-19N, 49-30W. 23 crew were lost.
HMCS Woodstock (K238) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 23 May 1941 10 Dec 1941 1 May 1942 27 Jan 1945 Sold in 1951 as mercantile Olympic Winner. Resold in 1956 as mercantile Otori Maru 20 and in 1957 as Akitsu Maru. Scrapped in 1975 at Etajima.

Royal Navy

Royal Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
HMS Abelia (K184) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 19 Aug 1940 28 Nov 1940 3 Feb 1941 Torpedoed and badly damaged on 9 Jan 1944 by U-?. Sold in 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Kraft. Resold in 1954 as mercantile Arne Skontorp. Scrapped in 1966 in Norway.
HMS Acanthus (K01) Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Troon 21 Dec 1939 26 May 1941 Transferred on 1 Oct 1941 before completion to Norway as HNoMS Andenes (K01).
HMS Aconite (K58) Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Troon 25 Mar 1940 31 Mar 1941 Transferred on 23 Jul 1941 to the Free French Navy as FFL Aconit (K58). Returned to RN on 30 Apr 1947. Sold in Jul 1947.
HMS Alisma (K185) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 19 Aug 1940 17 Dec 1940 13 Feb 1941 Sold in 1947. Resold in 1949 as mercantile Laconia, in 1950 as mercantile Constantinos S, and in 1952 as mercantile Parnon. Sunk 16 Jul 1954.
HMS Alyssum (K100) George Brown & Co., Greenock 24 Jun 1940 3 Mar 1941 Transferred on 17 Jun 1941 to the Free French Navy as FFL Alysse (K100).
HMS Amaranthus (K17) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 4 May 1940 17 Oct 1940 12 Feb 1941 Sold in 1946 as mercantile ship. Scrapped in 1953 at Hong Kong.
HMS Anchusa (K186) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 17 Sep 1940 15 Jan 1941 1 Mar 194 Sold in 1946. Resold in 1949 as mercantile Silverlord and in 1954 as mercantile Sir Edgar. Sunk 18 Jan 1960. Salvaged and scrapped in Mauritius.
HMS Anemone (K48) Blyth Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. Ltd., Blyth 26 Oct 1939 22 Apr 1940 12 Aug 1940 Sold in Nov 1949. Resold on 3 Oct 1950 to Norway as buoy tender Pelkan, 1951 as whaler, and Dec 1963 as Østfold. Scrapped 1 Nov 1964.
HMS Arabis (K73) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 30 Oct 1939 14 Feb 1940 5 Apr 1940 30 Apr 1942 Transferred on 30 Apr 1942 to the United States Navy as USS Saucy (PG-65). Returned to RN 26 Aug 1945 and renamed HMS Snapdragon (K73). Sold in 1947 as mercantile Katina.
HMS Arbutus (K86) Blyth Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. Ltd., Blyth 30 Nov 1939 5 Jun 1940 12 Oct 1940 5 Feb 1942 Torpedoed and sunk on 5 Feb 1942 by U-136 west of Erris Head at 55-05N, 18-43W.
HMS Armeria (K187) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 17 Sep 1940 16 Jan 1941 28 Mar 1941 Sold in 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Deppie, in 1950 as mercantile Canastel, in 1952 as mercantile Rio Blanco and in 1955 as mercantile Lillian.
HMS Arrowhead (K145) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 11 Apr 1940 8 Aug 1940 Transferred on 22 Nov 1940 before completion to RCN as HMCS Arrowhead (K145). Returned RN 27 Jun 1945. Sold in May 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Southern Larkspur. Scrapped in Nov 1959 at Odense.
HMS Asphodel (K56) George Brown & Co., Greenock 20 Oct 1939 25 May 1940 11 Sep 1940 10 Mar 1944 Torpedoed and sunk 10 Mar 1944 by U-575[2] while escorting convoys SL-150 and MKS-41 at 45-24N, 18-09W. 92 crew were killed, 5 survivors rescued by HMS Clover (K134).
HMS Aster (K188) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 15 Oct 1940 12 Feb 1941 9 Apr 1941 Scrapped on 29 May 1946 at Bo'ness.
HMS Aubretia (K96) George Brown & Co., Greenock 27 Oct 1939 5 Sep 1940 23 Dec 1940 Sold on 29 Jul 1946. Resold in Oct 1948 as buoy tender Arnfinn Bergan. Resold in 1951 as whaling ship.
HMS Auricula (K12) George Brown & Co., Greenock 25 Nov 1939 14 Nov 1940 5 Mar 1941 6 May 1942 Mined on 6 May 1942 in Courrier Bay, Madagascar at 12-12S, 49-19E. Foundered the following day while under tow.
HMS Azalea (K25) Cook, Welton & Gemmill, Beverley 15 Nov 1939 8 Jul 1940 27 Jan 1941 Sold on 5 Apr 1946 as mercantile Norte. Sunk on 19 Jan 1955.
HMS Balsam (K72) George Brown & Co., Greenock 16 Apr 1941 30 May 1942 28 Nov 1942 Formerly HMS Chelmer (K72). Scrapped on 20 Apr 1947 at Newport.
HMS Begonia (K66) Cook, Welton & Gemmill, Beverley 13 Mar 1940 18 Sep 1940 3 Mar 1941 10 Mar 1942 Transferred on 10 Mar 1942 to the USN as USS Impulse (PG-68). Returned to the RN on 22 Aug 1945. Sold on 22 Jul 1946 as mercantile Begonlock. Resold in 1949 as mercantile Fundiciones Molinao, in 1951as mercantile Astiluzu and in 1956 as mercantile Rio Mero.
HMS Bellwort (K114) George Brown & Co., Greenock 17 Sep 1940 11 Aug 1941 20 Nov 1941 Transferred in 1946 to the Irish Naval Service as Cliona.
HMS Bergamot (K189) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 15 Oct 1940 15 Feb 1941 12 May 1941 Sold in May 1946 as mercantile ship. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Syros, in 1951 as mercantile Delphini and in 1955 as mercantile Ekaterini.
HMS Bittersweet (K182) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 17 Apr 1940 12 Sep 1940 Transferred on 23 Jan 1941 before completion to the RCN as HMCS Bittersweet (K182) on 23 Jan 1941. Returned to the RN on 22 Jun 1945. Scrapped in Nov 1950.
HMS Bluebell (K80) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 25 Oct 1939 24 Apr 1940 19 Jul 1940 17 Feb 1945 Torpedoed and sunk on 17 Feb 1945 by U-711 off the Kola Inlet at 69-36N, 35-29E.
HMS Borage (K120) George Brown & Co., Greenock 27 Nov 1940 22 Nov 1941 29 Apr 1942 Transferred on 15 Nov 1946 to the Irish Naval Service as LÉ Macha (01). Sold for scrap on 22 Nov 1970.
HMS Bryony (K192) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 16 Nov 1940 15 Mar 1941 4 Jun 1942 Bombed and sunk on 15 Apr 1941 during sea trials by the Luftwaffe. Raised and repaired. Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1947 as HNoMS Polarfront.
HMS Burdock (K126) John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland 13 Jun 1940 14 Dec 1940 27 Mar 1941 Sold in Jun 1946. Scrapped in Aug 1946 at Hayle.
HMS Buttercup (K193) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 17 Dec 1940 10 Apr 1941 24 Apr 1942 20 Dec 1944 Transferred on 20 Dec 1944 to Royal Norwegian Navy as HNoMS Buttercup (K193). Purchased in 1946 by Norway and renamed HNoMS Nordkyn.
HMS Calendula (K28) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 30 Oct 1939 21 Mar 1940 6 May 1940 12 Mar 1942 Transferred on 12 Mar 1942 to the USN as USS Ready (PG-67). Returned to the RN on 23 Aug 1945. Sold on 22 Jul 1946. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Villa Cisneros and in 1949 as mercantile Villa Bens.
HMS Camellia (K31) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 14 Nov 1939 4 May 1940 18 Jun 1940 Sold on 9 Aug 1946. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Hetty W. Vinkle.
HMS Campanula (K18) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 26 Oct 1939 23 May 1940 6 Sep 1940 Scrapped on 21 Aug 1947 at Dunstan. Nicholas Monsarrat served as officer on board .
HMS Campion (K108) John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland 16 Sep 1940 20 Jun 1941 7 Jul 1941 Sold on 20 Apr 1947 and scrapped at Newport.
HMS Candytuft (K09) Grangemouth Dry Dock Co., Grangemouth 31 Oct 1939 8 Jul 1940 16 Oct 1940 4 Mar 1942 Transferred on 4 Mar 1942 to the USN as USS Tenacity (PG-71). Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945. Sold on 9 Jul 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Maw Hwa.
HMS Carnation (K00) Grangemouth Dry Dock Co., Grangemouth 31 Oct 1939 8 Jul 1940 16 Oct 1940 Transferred on 26 Mar 1943 to the Royal Netherlands Navy as HNMS Frisco (K00). Returned to the RN on 4 Oct 1944. Sold on 31 Mar 1948 as mercantile ship. Resold in 1949 as mercantile Southern Laurel. Scarpped in 1966 at Stravanger.
HMS Celandine (K75) Grangemouth Dry Dock Co., Grangemouth 30 Apr 1940 28 Dec 1940 30 Apr 1941 Sold in Oct 1948 and scrapped at Portaferry.
HMS Chrysanthemum (K195) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 17 Dec 1940 11 Apr 1941 Transferred on 26 Jan 1942 to the Free French Navy as FFL Commandant Drogou (K195). Returned to the RN in May 1947. Sold on 7 Aug 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Terje X. Resold in 23 May 1959 to Portugal as hydrographic survey vessel NRP Caravalho Araujo (A524) until 3 Sep 1975 when she was transfer to Angola's Navy.
HMS Clarkia (K88) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 30 Oct 1939 7 Mar 1940 22 Apr 1940 Sold on 30 Jul 1947 for scrap.
HMS Clematis (K36) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 11 Oct 1939 22 Apr 1940 27 Jul 1940 Scrapped in Sep 1949 at Charlestown.
HMS Clover (K134) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 29 Jul 1940 30 Jan 1941 13 May 1941 Sold on 17 May 1947 as mercantile Cloverlock. Resold to People's Republic of China as mercantile Kai Feng.
HMS Coltsfoot (K140) Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen 4 Sep 1940 15 May 1941 1 Nov 1941 Sold in 1947 as mercantile Alexandra.
HMS Columbine (K94) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 3 Nov 1939 13 Aug 1940 9 Nov 1940 Sold on 9 Aug 1946. Resold in 1949 as mercantile Leif Welding. Scrapped in 1966 at Grimstad.
HMS Convolvulus (K45) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 17 Jan 1940 22 Sep 1940 26 Feb 1941 Sold on 21 Aug 1947 and scrapped on 5 Oct 1947 at Newport.
HMS Coreopsis (K32) A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow 19 Sep 1939 23 Apr 1940 17 Aug 1940 10 Nov 1943 Transferred on 10 Nov 1943 to the Royal Hellenic Navy as RHS Kriezis (K32). Returned to the RN on 1 Jun 1952. Scrapped on 22 Jul 1952 at Sunderland.
HMS Coriander (K183) Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen 19 Sep 1940 9 Jun 1941 Transferred on 16 Sep 1941 to the Free French Navy as FFL Commandant Detroyant (K183). Returned to the RN in 1947. Scrapped in 1948 at Troon.
HMS Cowslip (K196) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 16 Jan 1941 28 May 1941 9 Aug 1941 Sold in Jul 1948. Scrapped in Apr 1949 at Troon.
HMS Crocus (K49) A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow 26 Oct 1939 26 Jun 1940 20 Oct 1940 Sold on 22 Jul 1946 as mercantile Annlock. Scrapped in 1952 at Hong Kong.
HMS Cyclamen (K83) J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen 30 Nov 1939 20 Jun 1940 30 Sep 1940 Sold in 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Southern Briar. Scrapped in 1966 in Belgium. Wrecked at Thorsminde while under tow.
HMS Dahlia (K59) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 28 Feb 1940 31 Oct 1940 21 Mar 1941 Scrapped on 28 Oct 1948 at Gelleswick Bay.
HMS Delphinium (K77) Henry Robb Ltd., Leith 31 Oct 1939 6 Jun 1940 15 Nov 1940 Scrapped in Feb 1949 at Pembroke Dock.
HMS Dianella (K07) J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen 8 Dec 1939 3 Sep 1940 6 Jan 1941 Formerly HMS Daffodil (K07). Scrapped on 24 Jun 1947 at Portaferry.
HMS Dianthus (K95) Henry Robb Ltd., Leith 31 Oct 1939 9 Jul 1940 17 Mar 1941 Sold in May 1947 as mercantile ship. Resold in Jun 1949 to Norway as buoy tender Thorslep. Resold in 1950 as whaling ship. Scrapped in Jun 1969 at Grimstad.
HMS Eglantine (K197) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 16 Jan 1941 11 Jun 1941 Transferred on 29 Aug 1941 to Royal Norwegian Navy as HNoMS Eglantine (K197). Sold to Norway on 10 Aug 1946 as fishery protection service Soroy.
HMS Erica (K50) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 22 Feb 1940 18 Jun 1940 9 Aug 1940 9 Feb 1943 Mined and sunk on 9 Feb 1943 while escorting a convoy in the Mediterranean Sea off Derna at 32-48N, 21-10E. Entire crew rescued by HMS Southern Maid.
HMS Eyebright (K150) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 20 Feb 1940 22 Jul 1940 Transferred on 26 Nov 1940 before completion to the RCN as HMCS Eyebright (K150). Returned to the RN on 17 Jun 1945. Sold on 17 May 1947. Resold in 1950 to the Netherlands as mercantile Albert W. Vinke. Scrapped in 1965 at Cape Town.
HMS Fennel (K194) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 29 Mar 1940 20 Aug 1940 Transferred on 15 May 1941 before completion to the RCN as HMCS Fennel (K194). Returned to the RN on 12 Jun 1945. Sold in 1948 as mercantile Milliam Kihl. Resold in Oct 1948 as buoy tender, then in 1951 to West Germany as whaling ship. Laid up 1960-61. Last whaling season 1964-65. Scrapped in 1966 at Grimstad.
HMS Fleur de Lys (K122) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 30 Jan 1940 21 Jun 1940 26 Aug 1940 14 Oct 1941 Launched as La Dieppoise for the French Navy. Completed for the RN after the Fall of France. Torpedoed and sunk by U-206 west of Gibraltar at 36-00N, 06-30W. There were 3 survivors.
HMS Freesia (K43) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 18 Jun 1940 3 Oct 1940 19 Nov 1940 Sold on 22 Jul 1946 as mercantile Freelock. Sunk on 1 Apr 1947.
HMS Fritillary (K199) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 15 Feb 1941 22 Jul 1941 1 Nov 1941 Sold on 19 Mar 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Andria and in 1949 as mercantile V.D. Chidambaram. Scrapped in 1955 in India.
HMS Gardenia (K99) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 20 Sep 1939 10 Apr 1940 24 May 1940 9 Nov 1942 Rammed and sunk off Oran at 35-49N, 01-05W in collision with HMS Fluellen (T157).
HMS Genista (K200) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 15 Feb 1941 24 Jul 1941 8 Dec 1941 Sold in 1947 as a weather ship. Scrapped in 1961.
HMS Gentian (K90) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 20 Apr 1940 6 Aug 1940 20 Sep 1940 Scrapped on 21 Aug 1947 at Purfleet.
HMS Geranium (K16) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 21 Sep 1939 23 Apr 1940 24 Jun 1940 Transferred on 8 Sep 1945 to Royal Danish Navy as HDMS Thetis (K16).
HMS Gladiolus (K34) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 19 Oct 1939 24 Jan 1940 6 Apr 1940 17 Oct 1941 Torpedoed and sunk on 17 Oct 1941 by U-558 while escorting convoy SC-48 south of Iceland at 57-00N, 25-00W. All hands were lost.
HMS Gloriosa (K201) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast Cancelled on 23 Jan 1941.
HMS Gloxinia (K22) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 21 Mar 1940 2 Jul 1940 22 Aug 1940 Scrapped on 15 Jul 1947 at Purfleet.
HMS Godetia (K72) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 4 Jan 1940 8 May 1940 15 Jul 1940 6 Sep 1940 Rammed and sunk 3 miles (4.8 km) off Altacarry Head at 55-18N, 05-57W in collision with mercantile Marsa.
HMS Godetia (K226) John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland 15 Jan 1941 24 Sep 1941 23 Feb 1942 Formerly HMS Dart (K226). Sold on 22 May 1947 and scrapped at Grays.
HMS Harebell (K202) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast Cancelled on 23 Jan 1941.
HMS Heartsease (K15) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 14 Nov 1939 20 Apr 1940 4 Jun 1940 3 Apr 1942 Transferred on 3 Apr 1942 to the USN as USS Courage (PG-70). Returned to the RN on 23 Aug 1945. Sold on 22 Jul 1946. Resold in 1951 as mercantile Roskva, in 1956 as mercantile Douglas, and in 1958 as mercantile Seabird. Lost in Dec 1958.
HMS Heather (K69) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 22 May 1940 17 Sep 1940 1 Nov 1940 Sold on 22 May 1947 and scrapped at Grays.
HMS Heliotrope (K03) John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland 23 Oct 1939 5 Jun 1940 12 Sep 1940 24 Mar 1942 Transferred on 24 Mar 1942 to the USN as USS Surprise (PG-63). Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945. Sold as mercantile ship. Eventually ended service in People's Liberation Army Navy as Lin I.
HMS Hemlock (K203) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast Cancelled on 23 Jan 1941.
HMS Hepatica (K159) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 24 Feb 1940 6 Jul 1940 Transferred on 15 May 1941 before completion to the RCN as HMCS Hepatica (K159). Returned to the RN on 27 Jun 1945. Scrapped on 1 Jan 1948 at Llanelly.
HMS Hibiscus (K24) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 14 Nov 1939 6 Apr 1940 21 May 1940 2 May 1942 Transferred on 2 May 1942 to the USN as USS Spry (PG-64). Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945. Sold as mercantile Madonna. Scrapped in 1955 at Hong Kong.
HMS Hollyhock (K64) John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland 27 Nov 1939 19 Aug 1940 19 Nov 1940 9 Apr 1942 Bombed and sunk on 9 Apr 1942 by Japanese aircraft east of Ceylon at 07-21N, 81-57E.
HMS Honeysuckle (K27) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 26 Oct 1939 22 Apr 1940 14 Sep 1940 Sold in 1950 and scrapped in Nov 1950 at Grays.
HMS Hyacinth (K84) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 20 Apr 1940 19 Aug 1940 3 Oct 1940 24 Oct 1943 Transferred on 24 Oct 1943 to Royal Hellenic Navy as RHS Apostolis (K84). Returned to the RN in 1952.
HMS Hyderabad (K212) Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen 24 Dec 1940 23 Sep 1941 23 Feb 1942 Formerly HMS Nettle (K212). Sold on 1 Jan 1948 and scrapped in Oct 1948 at Portaferry.
HMS Hydrangea (K39) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 22 Nov 1939 4 Sep 1940 3 Jan 1941 Sold in 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Hydralock. Wrecked on 25 Feb 1957 off Formosa.
HMS Ivy (K204) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast Cancelled on 23 Jan 1941.
HMS Jasmine (K23) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 23 Dec 1939 14 Jan 1941 16 May 1941 Sold on 11 Sep 1948 for scrap.
HMS Jonquil (K68) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 27 Dec 1939 9 Jul 1940 21 Oct 1940 Sold in May 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Lemnos. Resold in 1951 as Olympic Rider. Sunk on 1 Dec 1955.
HMS Kingcup (K33) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 19 Jul 1940 31 Oct 1940 30 Dec 1940 Sold on 31 Jul 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Rubis and in 1954 as mercantile Seislim. Scrapped in 1959 at Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht.
HMS La Malouine (K46) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 13 Nov 1939 21 Mar 1940 29 Jul 1940 Launched and commissioned as La Malouine for the French Navy. Seized by and completed for the RN after the Fall of France (name not changed). Scrapped on 22 May 1947 at Gelliswick Bay.
HMS Larkspur (K82) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 26 Mar 1940 5 Sep 1940 4 Jan 1941 17 Mar 1942 Transferred on 17 Mar 1942 to the USN as USS Fury (PG-69). Returned to the RN on 22 Aug 1945. Sold on 22 Jul 1946 as mercantile Larkslock. Scrapped in 1953 at Hong Kong.
HMS Lavender (K60) Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen 30 Apr 1940 27 Nov 1940 16 May 1941 Sold on 9 Aug 1946.
HMS Ling (K205) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast Cancelled on 23 Jan 1941.
HMS Lobelia (K05) Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen 27 Jun 1940 15 Feb 1941 Transferred on 16 Jul 1941 to the Free French Navy as FFL Lobelia (K05) (name not changed). Returned to the RN in Apr 1947. Sold on 3 May 1947 to Norway as mercantile ship. Resold in July 1948 as buoy tender Thorgeir. Resold as whaling ship. Scrapped in 1969 at Grimstad.
HMS Loosestrife (K105) Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen 9 Dec 1940 25 Aug 1941 25 Nov 1941 Sold on 4 Oct 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Kallsevni.
HMS Lotus (K93) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 26 May 1941 17 Jan 1942 Transferred on 23 May 1942 to the Free French Navy as FFL Commandant d'Estienne d'Orves (K93). Returned to the RN on 31 May 1947. Sold in Jan 1948 as whaling ship Southern Lotus. Lost on 18 Dec 1966 off Denmark while being towed to Norway for scrapping.
HMS Lotus (K130) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 16 Jan 1942 Formerly HMS Phlox (K130). Sold in 1947 as mercantile Southern Lotus. Refitted in 1948 as a buoy tender. Refitted in 1950 as a whaling ship. Sold in Dec 1966 for scrapping in Belgium. Grounded and wrecked on 18 Dec 1966 while under tow off Jutland.
HMS Mallow (K81) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 14 Nov 1939 22 May 1940 2 Jul 1940 11 Jan 1944 Transferred on 11 Jan 1944 to the Yugoslavian Navy as Nada. Renamed in 1948 as Partizanka. Returned to the RN in 1948. Transferred in 1948 to the Egyptian Navy as El Sudan.
HMS Marguerite (K54) Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen 30 Dec 1939 8 Jul 1940 20 Nov 1940 Sold in 1947 as a weather ship. Scrapped on 8 Sep 1961 at Ghent.
HMS Marigold (K87) Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen 26 Jan 1940 4 Sep 1940 28 Feb 1941 9 Dec 1942 Torpedoed and sunk on 9 Dec 1942 by the Aviazione Ausiliara per la Marina while escorting convoy KMS.3Y off Algiers at 36-50N, 03-00E. 40 crew were killed.
HMS Marjoram (K206) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast Cancelled on 23 Jan 1941.
HMS Mayflower (K191) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 20 Feb 1940 3 Jul 1940 Transferred on 15 May 1941 before completion to the RCN as HMCS Mayflower (K191). Returned to the RN on 31 May 1945. Scrapped on 20 Sep 1949 at Inverkeithing.
HMS Meadowsweet (K144) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 12 Aug 1941 28 Mar 1942 8 Jul 1942 Sold on 31 Mar 1951 to the Netherlands as mercantile Gerrit W. Vinkle.
HMS Mignonette (K38) Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen 15 Jul 1940 28 Jan 1941 7 May 1941 Sold in 1946. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Alexandrouplis. Sunk on 30 Nov 1948.
HMS Mimosa (K11) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 22 Apr 1940 18 Jan 1941 Transferred on 11 May 1941 to the Free French Navy as FFL Mimosa (K11) (name not changed).
HMS Monkshood (K207) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 1 Oct 1940 17 Apr 1941 31 Jul 1941 Sold in 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile W.R. Strang. Resold in 1948 as buoy tender. Resold as whaling ship. Resold in 1957 as Toshi Maru. Scrapped in Japan in 1965.
HMS Montbretia (K208) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 16 Nov 1940 27 May 1941 Transferred on 29 Sep 1941 to Royal Norwegian Navy as HNoMS Montbretia (K208).
HMS Myosotis (K65) J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen 21 Jun 1940 28 Jan 1941 30 May 1941 Sold on 2 Sep 1946 to Faroe Islands as trawler Grunningur. Resold in 1951 as buoy tender, then as whaling ship. Scrapped in 1969 at Grimstad.
HMS Narcissus (K74) J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen 9 Sep 1940 29 Mar 1941 17 Jul 1941 Sold in Apr 1946 as mercantile Este.
HMS Nasturtium (K107) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 23 Mar 1940 4 Jul 1940 26 Sep 1940 Launched as La Paimpolaise for the French Navy. Completed for the RN after the Fall of France. Sold in 1946.
HMS Nigella (K19) George Philip & Sons Ltd., Dartmouth 28 Nov 1939 21 Sep 1940 25 Feb 1941 Sold in 1947 as mercantile Nigelock. Sunk on 10 Mar 1955.
HMS Orchis (K76) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 18 Jun 1940 15 Oct 1940 29 Nov 1940 21 Aug 1944 Mined and heavily damaged on 21 Aug 1944 off Courseulles-sur-Mer. Beached on Juno Beach and declared a total loss.
HMS Oxlip (K123) A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow 9 Dec 1940 28 Aug 1941 28 Dec 1941 Transferred in 1946 to the Irish Naval Service as Maev.
HMS Pennywort (K111) A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow 11 Mar 1941 18 Oct 1941 5 Mar 1942 Sold in 1947. Scrapped in Feb 1949 at Troon.
HMS Pentstemon (K61) George Philip & Sons Ltd., Dartmouth 28 Nov 1939 18 Jan 1941 31 Jul 1941 Sold in 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Galaxidi and in 1951 as mercantile Rosa Vlassi.
HMS Peony (K40) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 24 Feb 1940 4 Jun 1940 2 Aug 1940 1943 Transferred in 1943 to the Royal Hellenic Navy as RHS Sakhtouris (K40). Returned to the RN in Sep 1951. Scrapped on 21 Apr 1952.
HMS Periwinkle (K55) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 30 Oct 1939 24 Feb 1940 8 Apr 1940 15 Mar 1942 Transferred on 15 Mar 1942 to the USN as USS Restless (PG-66). Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945. Sold in 1947 as mercantile Perilock. Scrapped in 1953 at Hong Kong.
HMS Petunia (K79) Henry Robb Ltd., Leith 4 Dec 1939 19 Sep 1940 13 Jan 1941 Sold in Jan 1946 to the Republic of China Navy as Fu Po. Sunk on 19 Mar 1947.
HMS Picotee (K63) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 21 Mar 1940 19 Jul 1940 5 Sep 1940 12 Aug 1941 Torpedoed and sunk on 12 Aug 1941 by U-568 while escorting convoy ONS-4 south of Iceland at 62-00N, 16-01W. All hands were lost.
HMS Pimpernel (K71) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 19 Jul 1940 16 Nov 1940 9 Jan 1941 Sold on 6 Feb 1948. Scrapped in Oct 1948 at Portaferry.
HMS Pink (K137) Henry Robb Ltd., Leith 20 May 1941 16 Feb 1942 2 Jul 1942 27 Jun 1944 Torpedoed and heavily damaged on 27 Jun 1944 by U-988 off Normandy at 49-48N, 00-49W. Declared a total loss and scrapped in 1947 at Llanelly.
HMS Polyanthus (K47) Henry Robb Ltd., Leith 19 Mar 1940 30 Nov 1940 24 Apr 1941 21 Sep 1943 Torpedoed and sunk on 21 Sep 1943 by U-952 while escorting convoy ON-202 at 57-00N, 31-10W. 1 survivor rescued by HMS Itchen (K227) but was killed when that ship was torpedoed and sunk by U-666 on 23 Sep 1943.
HMS Poppy (K213) Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen 6 Mar 1941 20 Nov 1941 12 May 1942 Sold in 1946 as mercantile Rami. Scrapped in 1956.
HMS Potentilla (K214) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 28 Feb 1941 18 Dec 1941 Transferred on 16 Jan 1942 to the Royal Norwegian Navy as HNoMS Potentilla (K214). Returned to the RN on 13 Mar 1944. Sold on 13 Mar 1946 and scrapped at Gateshead.
HMS Primrose (K91) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 22 Sep 1939 8 May 1940 15 Jul 1940 Sold on 9 Aug 1946. Resold in Jun 1949 as buoy tender Mek V. Resold in 1952 as whaling ship Norfinn. Sold in Oct 1965. Scrapped in Jun 1966 in Belgium.
HMS Primula (K14) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 23 Sep 1939 22 Jun 1940 27 Aug 1940 Sold on 22 Jul 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Marylock. Scrapped in 1953 at Hong Kong.
HMS Ranonculus (K117) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 19 Jul 1940 25 Jun 1941 Transferred on 28 Jul 1941 to the Free French Navy as FFL Renoncule (K117). Returned to the RN in 1947. Sold in 1947 as buoy tender Southern Lily. Scrapped on 9 Jan 1967 at Bruges.
HMS Rhododendron (K78) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 22 May 1940 2 Sep 1940 18 Oct 1940 Sold on 17 May 1947.
HMS Rockrose (K51) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 28 Oct 1940 26 Jul 1941 4 Nov 1941 Transferred on 4 Oct 1947 to the South African Navy as HMSAS Protea (K51).
HMS Rose (K102) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 3 Sep 1940 22 Sep 1941 Transferred on 31 Oct 1941 to the Royal Norwegian Navy as HNoMS Rose (K102).
HMS Salvia (K97) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 26 Sep 1939 6 Aug 1940 20 Sep 1940 24 Dec 1941 Torpedoed and sunk on 24 Dec 1941 by U-568 west of Alexandria at 31-46N, 28-00E. All hands were lost.
HMS Samphire (K128) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 4 Dec 1940 14 Apr 1941 30 Jun 1941 30 Jan 1943 Torpedoed and sunk on 30 Jan 1943 by Italian submarine Platino while escorting convoy TE-14 off Béjaïa at 36-56N, 05-40E.
HMS Saxifrage (K04) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 1 Feb 1941 24 Oct 1941 6 Feb 1942 Transferred in Aug 1947 to Royal Norwegian Navy as HNoMS Polarfront I.
HMS Snapdragon (K10) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 27 Sep 1939 3 Sep 1940 28 Oct 1940 19 Dec 1942 Bombed and sunk on 19 Dec 1942 by the Luftwaffe northwest of Benghazi at 32-18N, 19-54E.
HMS Snowberry (K166) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 24 Feb 1940 8 Aug 1940 Transferred on 26 Nov 1940 before completion to the RCN as HMCS Snowberry (K166). Returned to the RN on 8 Jun 1945. Scrapped in Aug 1947 at Middlesbrough.
HMS Snowdrop (K67) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 4 Feb 1941 12 May 1941 30 Jul 1941 Sold on 17 May 1947. Scrapped in Sep 1949 at Newcastle.
HMS Snowflake (K211) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 19 May 1941 22 Aug 1941 2 Nov 1941 Formerly HMS Zenobia (K211). Sold in 1947 as a weather ship. Scrapped in May 1962 at Dublin.
HMS Spikenard (K198) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 24 Feb 1940 10 Aug 1940 Transferred on 15 May 1941 before completion to the RCN as HMCS Spikenard (K198).
HMS Spiraea (K08) A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow 31 May 1940 31 Oct 1940 27 Feb 1941 Sold in Aug 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Thessalonika.
HMS Starwort (K20) A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow 11 Jun 1940 12 Feb 1941 26 May 1941 Sold in 1948 to Norway as whaling ship Southern Broom. Scrapped on 9 Jan 1967 at Bruges.
HMS Stonecrop (K142) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 4 Feb 1941 12 May 1941 30 Jul 1941 Sold on 17 May 1947. Resold in 1949 as mercantile Silver King and in 1950 as mercantile Martha Vinke.
HMS Sundew (K57) J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen 4 Nov 1940 28 May 1941 Transferred on 19 Sep 1941 to the Free French Navy as FFL Roselys (K57). Returned to the RN in 1947. Sold on 23 Oct 1947 and scrapped in May 1948 at Troon.
HMS Sunflower (K41) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 24 May 1940 19 Aug 1940 25 Jan 1941 Scrapped in Aug 1947 at Hayle.
HMS Sweetbriar (K209) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 4 Apr 1941 26 Jun 1941 8 Sep 1941 Sold on 29 Jul 1946. Resold in Jun 1949 as buoy tender Star IX. Resold as whaling ship. Scrapped in Apr 1966 at Bruges.
HMS Tamarisk (K216) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 10 Feb 1941 28 Jul 1941 26 Dec 1941 Nov 1943 Formerly HMS Ettrick (K216), renamed before completion. Transferred in Nov 1943 to Royal Hellenic Navy as RHS Tompazis (K216). Returned to the RN in 1952. Scrapped on 20 Mar 1952 in the United Kingdom.
HMS Thyme (K210) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 30 Apr 1941 25 Jul 1941 23 Oct 1941 Sold in 1947 as weather ship Weather Explorer. Resold in 1958 as mercantile Epos.
HMS Trillium (K172) Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal 20 Feb 1940 26 Jun 1940 Transferred on 31 Oct 1940 before completion to the RCN as HMCS Trillium (K172). Returned to the RN on 25 Jun 1945. Sold in 1950 as mercantile Olympic Runner. Resold in 1956 as mercantile Otori Maru 10, then in 1959 as mercantile Kyo Maru No. 16.
HMS Tulip (K29) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 30 May 1940 4 Sep 1940 18 Nov 1940 Sold in May 1947. Resold in 1950 as whaling ship Olympic Conqueror. Seized in Nov 1954 by Peru. Resold in 1956 to Japan as Otori Maru No. 8. Resold in 1957 as Thorlyn and in Nov 1964 to Sweden. Scrapped in 1965 in West Germany.
HMS Verbena (K85) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 29 Jun 1940 1 Oct 1940 19 Dec 1940 Sold on 17 May 1947. Scrapped on 1 Oct 1951 at Blyth.
HMS Veronica (K37) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 9 Jul 1940 17 Oct 1940 18 Feb 1941 16 Feb 1942 Transferred on 16 Feb 1942 to the USN as USS Temptress (PG-62). Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945. Sold in 1946 as mercantile Verolock. Sank in 1947. Raised in 1951 and scrapped at Blyth.
HMS Vervain (K190) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 16 Nov 1940 12 Mar 1941 9 Jun 1941 20 Feb 1945 Formerly HMS Broom (K190). Torpedoed and sunk on 20 Feb 1945 by U-1276 southeast of Dungarvan at 51-47N, 07-06W.
HMS Vetch (K132) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 15 Mar 1941 27 May 1941 11 Aug 1941 Sold in Aug 1945. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Patrai, in 1951 as mercantile Olympic Hunter and in 1956 as mercantile Otori Maru No. 18.
HMS Violet (K35) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 21 Mar 1940 30 Dec 1940 3 Feb 1941 10 Feb 1946 Sold on 17 May 1947 as mercantile La Aguerra. Resold in 1949 to Spain as mercantile La Guera then in 1958 as mercantile Claudio Sabadell. Scrapped in Oct 1970 at Bilbao
HMS Wallflower (K44) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 23 Jul 1940 14 Nov 1940 7 Mar 1941 Sold on 29 Jul 1946. Resold in 1949 as buoy tender Asbjrrn Larsen and in 1950 as whaling ship. Scrapped in Oct 1966 at Grimstad.
HMS Windflower (K155) Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon 25 Feb 1940 4 Jul 1940 Transferred on 15 May 1941 before completion to the RCN as HMCS Windflower (K155).
HMS Woodruff (K53) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 29 Apr 1940 28 Feb 1941 7 Apr 1941 Sold in 1947 as mercantile Southern Lupin. Resold in 1948 as buoy tender and later as whaling ship. Scrapped in 1959 at Odense.
HMS Zinnia (K98) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 20 Aug 1940 28 Nov 1940 30 Mar 1941 23 Aug 1941 Torpedoed and sunk on 23 Aug 1941 by U-564 while escorting convoy OG-71 west of Portugal at 40-25N, 10-40W.

South African Navy

South African Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
HMSAS Protea (K51) Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol 28 Oct 1940 26 Jul 1941 4 Oct 1947 Formerly HMS Rockrose (K51). Transferred on 4 Oct 1947 to the South African Navy. Converted to a survey vessel. Scrapped in 1967.

Royal Netherlands Navy

Royal Netherlands Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
HMNS Friso (K00) Grangemouth Dry Dock Co., Grangemouth 31 Oct 1939 8 Jul 1940 26 Mar 1943 4 Oct 1944 Formerly HMS Carnation (K00). Transferred on 26 Mar 1943 to the Royal Netherlands Navy. Returned to the RN on 4 Oct 1944.

Royal Norwegian Navy

Royal Norwegian Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
HNoMS Andenes (K01) Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Troon 21 Dec 1939 26 May 1941 1 Oct 1941 1956 Formerly HMS Acanthus (K01). Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 1 Oct 1941. Purchased by Norway in 1946 as a fishery protection ship. Reclassified in 1950 as a frigate with pennant number F307. Sold in 1956 as whaling ship Colin Frye. Resold in 1957 as Toshi Maru No.2. Scrapped in 1970 in Japan.
HNoMS Buttercup (K193) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 17 Dec 1940 10 Apr 1941 20 Dec 1944 Nov 1957 Formerly HMS Buttercup (K193). Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 20 Dec 1944. Purchased by Norway in 1946 as fishery protection ship HNoMS Nordkyn. Sold in Nov 1957 as whaling ship Thoris. Scrapped in Jun 1969.
HNoMS Eglantine (K197) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 16 Jan 1941 11 Jun 1941 29 Aug 1941 Aug 1956 Formerly HMS Eglantine (K197). Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 29 Aug 1941. Purchased by Norway in 1946 as fishery protection ship HNoMS Soroy. Sold in Aug 1956 as whaling ship Thorglimt. Scrapped in Jun 1969 at Grimstad.
HNoMS Montbretia (K208) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 16 Nov 1940 27 May 1941 29 Sep 1941 18 Nov 1942 Formerly HMS Montbretia (K208). Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 29 Sep 1941. Torpedoed and sunk by U-262 on 18 Nov 1942 at 53-37N, 38-15W. 48 crew killed, 23 survivors were rescued by HNoMS Potentilla (K214).
HNoMS Potentilla (K214) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 28 Feb 1941 18 Dec 1941 16 Jan 1942 13 Mar 1944 Formerly HMS Potentilla (K214). Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 16 Jan 1942. Returned to the RN on 13 Mar 1944.
HNoMS Rose (K102) W. Simons & Co., Renfrew 3 Sep 1940 22 Sep 1941 31 Oct 1941 26 Oct 1944 Formerly HMS Rose (K102). Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 26 Oct 1941 and commissioned on 31 Oct 1941. Rammed and sunk on 26 Oct 1944 by HMS Manners (K568) at 45-50N, 40-15W. 3 crew were killed.

Royal Hellenic Navy

Royal Hellenic Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
Apostolis (K84) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 20 Apr 1940 19 Aug 1940 24 Oct 1943 1952 Formerly HMS Hyacinth (K84). Transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy on 24 Oct 1943. Returned to the RN in 1952.
Kriezis (K32) A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow 19 Sep 1939 23 Apr 1940 10 Nov 1943 1 Jun 1952 Formerly HMS Coreopsis (K32). Transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy on 10 Nov 1943. Returned to the RN on 1 Jun 1952.
Sachtouris (K40) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 24 Feb 1940 4 Jun 1940 1943 1951 Formerly HMS Peony (K40). Transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy in 1943. Returned to the RN in Sep 1951.
Tombazis (K216) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 10 Feb 1941 28 Jul 1941 Nov 1943 Formerly HMS Tamarisk (K216). Transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy in Nov 1943. Returned to the RN in 1952.

United States Navy

United States Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
USS Courage (PG-70) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 14 Nov 1939 20 Apr 1940 3 Apr 1942 22 Aug 1945 Formerly HMS Heartsease (K15). Transferred to the United States Navy on 3 Apr 1942. Returned to the RN on 23 Aug 1945.
USS Fury (PG-69) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 26 Mar 1940 5 Sep 1940 17 Mar 1942 22 Aug 1945 Formerly HMS Larkspur (K82). Transferred to the United States Navy on 17 Mar 1942. Returned to the RN on 22 Aug 1945.
USS Impulse (PG-68) Cook, Welton & Gemmill, Beverley 13 Mar 1940 18 Sep 1940 10 Mar 1942 22 Aug 1945 Formerly HMS Begonia (K66). Transferred to the United States Navy on 10 Mar 1942. Returned to the RN on 22 Aug 1945.
USS Ready (PG 67) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 30 Oct 1939 21 Mar 1940 12 Mar 1942 23 Aug 1945 Formerly HMS Calendula (K28). Transferred to the United States Navy on 12 Mar 1942. Returned to the RN on 23 Aug 1945.
USS Restless (PG-66) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 30 Oct 1939 24 Feb 1940 15 Mar 1942 20 Aug 1945 Formerly HMS Periwinkle (K55). Transferred to the United States Navy on 15 Mar 1942. Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945.
USS Saucy (PG-65) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 30 Oct 1939 14 Feb 1940 30 Apr 1942 20 Aug 1945 Formerly HMS Arabis (K73). Transferred to the United States Navy on 30 Apr 1942. Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945.
USS Spry (PG-64) Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast 14 Nov 1939 6 Apr 1940 2 May 1942 20 Aug 1945 Formerly HMS Hibiscus (K24). Transferred to the United States Navy on 2 May 1942. Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945.
USS Surprise (PG-63) John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland 23 Oct 1939 5 Jun 1940 24 Mar 1942 20 Aug 1945 Formerly HMS Heliotrope (K03). Transferred to the United States Navy on 24 Mar 1942. Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945.
USS Temptress (PG-62) Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees 9 Jul 1940 17 Oct 1940 21 Mar 1942 20 Aug 1945 Formerly HMS Veronica (K37). Transferred to the United States Navy on 16 Feb 1942. Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945.
USS Tenacity (PG-71) Grangemouth Dry Dock Co., Grangemouth 31 Oct 1939 8 Jul 1940 11 Jun 1942 22 Aug 1945 Formerly HMS Candytuft (K09). Transferred to the United States Navy on 4 Mar 1942. Returned to the RN on 26 Aug 1945.

Flower class (modified)

Royal Canadian Navy

Royal Canadian Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
HMCS Asbestos (K358) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 20 July 1943 22 November 1943 16 June 1944 8 July 1945 Scrapped in Mar 1949 at New Orleans.
HMCS Atholl (K15) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 15 August 1942 4 April]] 1943 14 October 1943 17 July 1945 Scrapped in Oct 1952 in Canada.
HMCS Beauharnois (K540) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 8 Nov 1943 11 May 1944 25 Sep 1944 12 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 to Palestine as passenger vessel Yoashia Wegwood. Transferred to Israel in 1948 as corvette HaShomer.
HMCS Belleville (K332) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 21 Jan 1944 17 Jun 1944 19 Oct 1944 5 Jul 1945 Sold in 1947 to the Dominican Republic as Juan Bautista Cambiaso.
HMCS Brampton Cancelled in Dec 1943.
HMCS Cobourg (K333) Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland 25 Nov 1942 14 Jul 1943 11 May 1944 15 Jun 1945 Sold in 1947 as mercantile Camco. Resold in 1956 to Panama as mercantile Puerto del Sol. Burned and sunk in 1971.
HMCS Fergus (K686) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 10 Dec 1943 30 Aug 1944 18 Nov 1944 14 Jul 1945 Sold in 1945 as mercantile Camco II. Resold in 1948 as Hartcourt Kent. Wrecked in 1949.
HMCS Forrest Hill (K486) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 5 Feb 1943 30 Aug 1943 1 Dec 1943 9 Jul 1945 Formerly HMS Ceanothos (K486). Transferred to the RCN before completion.
HMCS Frontenac (K335) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 19 Feb 1943 2 Jun 1943 26 Oct 1943 22 Jul 1945 Sold in Oct 1945 to United Ship Corporation.
HMCS Giffard (K402) Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen 30 Nov 1942 19 Jun 1943 10 Nov 1943 5 Jul 1945 Formerly HMS Buddleia (K402). Scrapped in Oct 1952 in Canada.
HMCS Guelph (K687) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 29 May 1943 20 Dec 1943 9 May 1944 27 Jun 1945 Sold in 1945 to Panama as mercantile Guelph (name not changed). Resold in 1956 as Burfin.
HMCS Hawkesbury (K415) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 20 July 1943 16 Nov 1943 14 June 1944 10 Jul 1945 Sold in 1950 to Cambodia as Campuchea.
HMCS Ingersoll (K336) Cancelled in Dec 1943.
HMCS Lachute (K440) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 24 Nov 1943 9 Jun 1944 26 Oct 1944 10 Jul 1945 Sold in 1947 to the Dominican Republic and renamed Cristobal Colon. Wrecked by Hurricane David on 30 August 1979.[9]
HMCS Lindsay (K338) Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland 30 Sep 1942 4 Jun 1943 15 Nov 1943 18 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 as mercantile North Shore.
HMCS Listowel (K439) Cancelled in Dec 1943.
HMCS Long Branch (K487) A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow 27 Feb 1943 28 Sep 1943 5 Jan 1944 17 Jun 1945 Formerly HMS Candytuft (K487). Sold in 1947 as mercantile Rexton Kent II.
HMCS Louisburg (K401) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 11 Jan 1943 13 Jul 1943 13 Dec 1943 25 Jun 1945 Sold in 1947 to the Dominican Republic and renamed Juan Alejandro Acosta. Wrecked by Hurricane David on 30 August 1979.[9]
HMCS Meaford Cancelled in Dec 1943.
HMCS Merrittonia (K688) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 23 Nov 1943 24 Jun 1944 10 Nov 1944 11 Jul 1945 Formerly HMCS Pointe Claire (K688).
HMCS Mimico (K485) John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland 22 Feb 1943 11 Oct 1943 8 Feb 1944 18 Jul 1945 Formerly HMS Bullrush (K485). Sold in 1950 to Honduras as Olympic Victor. Resold in 1956 to Japan as Otori Maru No. 12 and in 1962 as Kyo Maru No. 25.
HMCS Norsyd (K520) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 14 Jan 1943 31 Jul 1943 22 Dec 1943 25 Jun 1945 Sold in 1946 to Yugoslavia as mercantile Balboa. Resold to Palestine as passenger vessel Hagana. Transferred to Israel in 1948 as corvette Hagana.
HMCS North Bay (K339) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 29 Sep 1942 27 Apr 1943 25 Oct 1943 5 Jun 1945 Sold in 1946 as mercantile Kent County II. Resold in 1950 as Galloway Kent and in 1951 as Bedford II.
HMCS Owen Sound (K340) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 11 Nov 1942 15 Jun 1943 17 Nov 1943 19 Jul 1945 Sold in 1945 to Greece as Cadio.
HMCS Parry Sound (K341) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 11 Jun 1943 13 Nov 1943 30 Aug 1944 10 Jul 1945 Sold in 1950 to Honduras as mercantile Olympic Champion. Resold in 1956 to Japan as Otori Maru No. 15 and in 1961 as Kyo Maru No. 22.
HMCS Peterborough (K342) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 14 Sep 1943 15 Jan 1944 1 Jun 1944 19 Jul 1945 Sold in 1947 to the Dominican Republic as Gerardo Jansen.
HMCS Renfrew (K452) Cancelled in Dec 1943.
HMCS Riviere du Loup (K357) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 5 Jan 1943 2 Jul 1943 21 Nov 1943 2 Jul 1945 Sold in 1947 to the Dominican Republic as Juan Bautista Maggiolo.
HMCS Smiths Falls (K345) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 21 Jan 1944 19 Aug 1944 28 Nov 1944 8 Jul 1945 Sold in 1950 to Honduras as mercantile Olympic Lightning. Resold in 1956 to Japan as Otori Maru No. 16 and in 1961 as Kyo Maru No. 23.
HMCS St. Lambert (K343) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 8 Jul 1943 6 Nov 1943 27 May 1944 20 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 to Panama as Chrysi Hondroulis. Resold in 1955 to Greece as Loula.
HMCS Stellarton (K457) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 16 Nov 1943 27 Apr 1944 29 Sep 1944 1 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 to Chile as Casma.
HMCS Strathroy (K455) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 18 Nov 1943 15 Jun 1944 20 Nov 1944 12 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 to Chile as Chipana.
HMCS Thorlock (K394) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 25 Sep 1943 15 May 1944 13 Nov 1944 15 Jul 1945 Sold in 1946 to Chile as Papudo.
HMCS Trentonian (K368) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 19 Feb 1943 1 Sep 1943 1 Dec 1943 22 Feb 1945 Torpedoed and sunk on 22 Feb 1945 by U-1004 off Falmouth at 50-06N, 04-50W. 6 crew were lost.
HMCS West York (K369) Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland 23 Jul 1943 25 Jan 1944 6 Oct 1944 9 Jul 1945 Sold in 1945 as mercantile West York (name not changed). Resold in 1960 as Federal Express. Rammed and sunk in 1960 in the St. Lawrence River near Montreal. Raised and scrapped.
HMCS Whitby (K346) Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel 1 Apr 1943 18 Sep 1943 6 Jun 1944 16 Jul 1945 Acquired by the Portuguese Navy from the USA and renamed NRP Bengo on the 29 April 1948 and transferred to the Mozambique Pilots on the 1 October 1948 where she was named just Bengo.

Royal Indian Navy

Royal Indian Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
HMIS Assam (K306) John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland 26 Nov 1942 21 Jun 1943 19 Feb 1945 Formerly HMS Bugloss (K306). Transferred to the RIN on 19 Feb 1945. Returned to the RN in 1947. Scrapped.
HMIS Gondwana (K348) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 2 Nov 1942 31 May 1943 15 May 1945 17 May 1946 Formerly HMS Burnet (K348). Transferred to the RIN on 15 May 1945. Returned to the RN on 17 May 1946.
HMIS Sind (K274) Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen 26 Sept 1942 22 Apr 1943 24 Aug 1945 17 May 1946 Formerly HMS Betony (K274). Transferred to the RIN on 24 Aug 1945. Returned to the RN on 17 May 1946.

Royal New Zealand Navy

Royal New Zealand Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
HMNZS Arabis (K385) George Brown & Co., Greenock 26 Feb 1943 28 Oct 1943 16 Mar 1944 1948 Formerly HMS Arabis (K385). Transferred to the RNZN on 16 Mar 1944. Returned to the RN in 1948.
HMNZS Arbutus (K403) George Brown & Co., Greenock 3 May 1943 26 Jan 1944 5 Jul 1944 1948 Formerly HMS Arbutus (K403). Transferred to the RNZN on 5 Jul 1944. Returned to the RN in 1948.

Royal Navy

Royal Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
HMS Arabis (K385) George Brown & Co., Greenock 26 Feb 1943 28 Oct 1943 Transferred on 16 Mar 1944 to the Royal New Zealand Navy as HMNZS Arabis (K385). Returned to the RN in 1948. Scrapped in Aug 1951 at Grays.
HMS Arbutus (K403) George Brown & Co., Greenock 3 May 1943 26 Jan 1944 Transferred on 5 Jul 1944 to the Royal New Zealand Navy as HMNZS Arbutus (K403). Returned to the RN in 1948. Scrapped in Jun 1951 at Dunston.
HMS Balm Cancelled on 12 Nov 1942.
HMS Betony (K274) Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen 26 Sept 1942 22 Apr 1943 Transferred on 24 Aug 1945 to India as HMIS Sind (K274). Returned to the RN on 17 May 1946. Transferred in 1947 to Thailand as Prasae. Grounded on 7 Jan 1951 along east coast of Korea and scuttled on 13 Jan 1951.
HMS Buddleia (K402) Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen 30 Nov 1942 19 Jun 1943 Transferred on 10 Nov 1943 to the RCN as HMCS Giffard (K402).
HMS Bugloss (K306) John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland 26 Nov 1942 21 Jun 1943 8 Nov 1943 19 Feb 1945 Transferred on 19 Feb 1944 to India as HMIS Assam (K306). Returned to the RN in 1947 and scrapped.
HMS Bullrush (K307) John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland 22 Feb 1943 11 Oct 1943 Transferred on 8 Feb 1944 to the RCN as HMCS Mimico (K485).
HMS Burnet (K348) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 2 Nov 1942 31 May 1943 Transferred on 15 May 1945 to India as HMIS Gondwana (K348). Returned to the RN on 17 May 1946. Transferred on 15 May 1947 to Thailand.
HMS Candytuft (K484) A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow 27 Feb 1943 28 Sep 1943 Transferred on 5 Jan 1944 to the RCN as HMCS Long Branch (K487).
HMS Ceanothos (K486) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 5 Feb 1943 30 Aug 1943 Transferred on 1 Dec 1943 to the RCN as HMCS Forrest Hill (K486).
HMS Charlock (K395) Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley 6 Apr 1943 16 Nov 1943 Transferred in 1946 to India as HMIS Mahratta (K395).
HMS Comfrey (K277) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 6 Jan 1942 28 Jul 1942 Transferred on 22 Nov 1942 to the United States Navy as USS Action (PG-86).
HMS Cornel (K278) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 6 Jan 1942 4 Sep 1942 Transferred on 10 Dec 1942 to the USN as USS Alacrity (PG-87).
HMS Dittany (K279) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 31 Oct 1942 31 May 1943 Formerly USS Beacon (PG-88). Transferred to the RN on 31 May 1943 under the lend-lease program. Returned to the USN on 20 Jun 1946.
HMS Flax (K284) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 15 Jun 1942 Transferred on 6 Dec 1942 to the USN as USS Brisk (PG-89).
HMS Honesty (K285) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 28 Sep 1942 Formerly USS Caprice (PG-90). Transferred to the RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to the USN on 5 Jan 1946.
HMS Linaria (K282) Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland 18 Nov 1942 22 Jun 1943 Formerly USS Clash (PG-91). Transferred to the RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to the USN on 27 Jul 1946.
HMS Mandrake (K287) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City Nov 1941 22 Aug 1942 Transferred on 6 Apr 1943 to the USN as USS Haste (PG-92).
HMS Milfoil (K288) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City Nov 1941 5 Aug 1942 Transferred on 31 Mar 1943 to the USN as USS Intensity (PG-93).
HMS Musk (K289) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 28 Nov 1941 15 Jul 1942 Transferred on 22 Dec 1942 to the USN as USS Might (PG-94).
HMS Nepeta (K290) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 22 Jul 1942 29 Nov 1942 Transferred on 23 Jul 1943 to the USN as USS Pert (PG-95).
HMS Privet (K291) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 14 Aug 1942 4 Dec 1942 Transferred on 16 Aug 1943 to the USN as USS Prudent (PG-96).
HMS Rosebay (K286) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 11 Feb 1943 28 Jul 1943 20 Mar 1946 Formerly USS Splendor (PG-97). Transferred to the RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to the USN on 20 Mar 1946.
HMS Smilax (K280) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 24 Dec 1942 21 Jun 1943 Formerly USS Tact (PG-98). Transferred to the RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to the USN on 5 Jan 1946.
HMS Statice (K281) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 10 Apr 1943 20 Sep 1943 Formerly USS Vim (PG-99). Transferred to the RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to the USN on 21 Jun 1946.
HMS Willowherb (K283) Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland 24 Mar 1943 Formerly USS Vitality (PG-100). Transferred to the RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to the USN on 11 Jun 1946.

United States Navy

United States Navy
Ship Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Paid Off Fate
USS Action (PG-86) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 6 Jan 1942 28 Jul 1942 22 Nov 1942 6 Sep 1945 Formerly HMS Comfrey (K277). Transferred to the USN on 22 Nov 1942. Sold on 6 Feb 1946.
USS Alacrity (PG-87) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 6 Jan 1942 4 Sep 1942 10 Dec 1942 4 Oct 1945 Formerly HMS Cornel (K278). Transferred to the USN on 10 Dec 1942. Sold on 22 Sep 1945 to Italy as mercantile Rio Marina.
USS Beacon (PG 88) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 31 Oct 1942 Transferred on 31 May 1943 to the RN as HMS Dittany (K279). Returned to the USN on 20 Jun 1946.
USS Brisk (PG-89) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 15 Jun 1942 6 Dec 1942 9 Oct 1945 Formerly HMS Flax (K284). Transferred to the USN on 6 Dec 1942. Sold on 18 Oct 1946.
USS Caprice (PG-90) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 31 Oct 1942 Transferred to the RN as HMS Honesty (K285). Returned to the USN on 20 Jun 1946.
USS Clash (PG-91) Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland 18 Nov 1942 Transferred to the RN as HMS Linaria (K282). Returned to the USN on 27 Jul 1946.
USS Haste (PG-92) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City Nov 1941 22 Aug 1942 6 Apr 1943 3 Oct 1945 Formerly HMS Mandrake (K287). Transferred to the USN on 6 Apr 1943. Sold in 1949 to Italy as mercantile Porto Azzurro. Scrapped in 1973 at La Spezia.
USS Intensity (PG-93) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City Nov 1941 22 Aug 1942 31 Mar 1943 3 Oct 1945 Formerly HMS Milfoil (K288). Transferred to the USN on 31 Mar 1943. Sold into mercantile service.
USS Might (PG-94) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 28 Nov 1941 15 Jul 1942 22 Dec 1942 9 Oct 1945 Formerly HMS Musk (K289). Transferred to the USN on 22 Dec 1942. Sold into mercantile service.
USS Pert (PG-95) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 22 Jul 1942 27 Nov 1942 23 Jul 1943 3 Oct 1945 Formerly HMS Nepeta (K290). Transferred to the USN on 23 Jul 1943. Sold on 18 Oct 1946 into mercantile service.
USS Prudent (PG-96) Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City 14 Aug 1942 4 Dec 1942 16 Aug 1943 11 Oct 1945 Formerly HMS Privet (K291). Transferred to the USN on 16 Aug 1943. Sold in 1949 to Italy as mercantile Elbano. Resold in 1951 to the Italian Navy as hydrographic survey vessel Staffetta.
USS Splendor (PG-97) Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston 11 Feb 1943 Transferred to the RN as HMS Rosebay (K286). Returned to the USN on 20 Mar 1946.
USS Tact (PG-98) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 24 Dec 1942 Transferred to the RN as HMS Smilax (K280). Returned to the USN on 5 Jan 1946.
USS Vim (PG-99) Collingwood Shipyards Ltd., Collingwood 10 Apr 1943 Transferred to the RN as HMS Statice (K281). Returned to the USN on 21 Jun 1946.
USS Vitality (PG-100) Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland 24 Mar 1943 Transferred to the RN as HMS Willowherb (K283). Returned to the USN on 11 Jun 1946.

Vessels lost in action

Flower class ships lost to enemy action
Ship Date Fate
FFL Alysse (K100) 9 Feb 1942 Torpedoed and sunk by U-654 while escorting convoy ON-60 approximately 420 nautical miles (780 km) east of Cape Race at 46-00N, 44-00W. 36 crew were killed.
FFL La Bastiaise 22 Jun 1940 Mined during sea trial off Hartlepool on day of her commissioning.
FFL Mimosa (K11) 9 Jun 1942 Torpedoed and sunk by U-124 while escorting convoy ONS-100 at 52-12N, 32-37W. 58 French crew and 6 British crew were killed; the French crew being largely from Saint Pierre and Miquelon. 4 survivors rescued by HMCS Assiniboine (I18).
HMCS Alberni (K103) 21 Aug 1944 Torpedoed and sunk by U-480 while escorting a convoy in the English Channel south of St. Catherine's Point at 50-18N, 00-51W. 59 crew killed and 31 rescued by RN motor torpedo boats.
HMCS Charlottetown (K244) 11 Sep 1942 Torpedoed and sunk by U-517 while escorting convoy SQ-30 in the St. Lawrence River north of Cap Chat at 49-10N, 66-50W. 9 crew killed.
HMCS Levis (K115) 19 Sep 1941 Torpedoed and sunk by U-74 while escorting convoy SC-44 east of Cape Farewell at 60-07N, 38-37W. 18 crew killed and 91 rescued.
HMCS Louisburg (K143) 6 Feb 1943 Bombed and torpedoed by Luftwaffe aircraft while escorting convoy KMF-8 off Cape Tenes in Mediterranean Sea at 36-15N, 00-15E. 59 crew killed, 50 rescued.
HMCS Regina (K234) 8 Aug 1944 Torpedoed and sunk by U-667 off Trevose Head at 50-42N, 05-03W. 30 crew were killed.
HMCS Shawinigan (K136) 25 Nov 1944 Torpedoed and sunk by U-1228 in the Cabot Strait at 47-34N, 59-11W. All hands were lost.
HMCS Spikenard (K198) 11 Feb 1942 Torpedoed and sunk by U-136 while escorting convoy SC-67 west of Malin Head at 56-10N, 21-07W. 8 crew survived.
HMCS Weyburn (K173) 22 Feb 1943 Mined on 22 Feb 1943 off Cape Espartel at 36-46N, 06-02W. 7 crew were killed.
HMCS Windflower (K155) 7 Dec 1941 Rammed and sunk while excorting convoy SC-58 after colliding with freighter Zypenberg in dense fog on the Grand Banks at 46-19N, 49-30W. 23 crew were lost.
HMS Abelia (K184) 9 Jan 1944 Torpedoed and badly damaged by U-?.
HMS Arbutus (K86) 5 Feb 1942 Torpedoed and sunk by U-136 west of Erris Head at 55-05N, 18-43W.
HMS Asphodel (K56) 10 Mar 1944 Torpedoed and sunk by U-575 while escorting convoys SL-150 and MKS-41 at 45-24N, 18-09W. 92 crew were killed, 5 survivors rescued by HMS Clover (K134).
HMS Auricula (K12) 6 May 1942 Mined in Courrier Bay, Madagascar at 12-12S, 49-19E. Foundered the following day while under tow.
HMS Bluebell (K80) 17 Feb 1945 Torpedoed and sunk by U-711 off the Kola Inlet at 69-36N, 35-29E.
HMS Bryony (K192) 15 Apr 1941 Bombed and sunk during sea trials by the Luftwaffe. Raised and repaired. Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1947 as HNoMS Polarfront.
HMS Erica (K50) 9 Feb 1943 Mined and sunk while escorting a convoy in the Mediterranean Sea off Derna at 32-48N, 21-10E. Entire crew rescued by HMS Southern Maid.
HMS Fleur de Lys (K122) 14 Oct 1941 Torpedoed and sunk by U-206 west of Gibraltar at 36-00N, 06-30W. There were 3 survivors.
HMS Gardenia (K99) 9 Nov 1942 Rammed and sunk off Oran at 35-49N, 01-05W in collision with HMS Fluellen (T157).
HMS Gladiolus (K34) 17 Oct 1941 Torpedoed and sunk by U-558 while escorting convoy SC-48 south of Iceland at 57-00N, 25-00W. All hands were lost.
HMS Godetia (K72) 6 Sep 1940 Rammed and sunk 3 miles (4.8 km) off Altacarry Head at 55-18N, 05-57W in collision with mercantile Marsa.
HMS Hollyhock (K64) 9 Apr 1942 Bombed and sunk by Japanese aircraft east of Ceylon at 07-21N, 81-57E.
HMS Marigold (K87) 9 Dec 1942 Torpedoed and sunk by the Aviazione Ausiliara per la Marina while escorting convoy KMS.3Y off Algiers at 36-50N, 03-00E. 40 crew were killed.
HMS Orchis (K76) 21 Aug 1944 Mined and heavily damaged off Courseulles-sur-Mer. Beached on Juno Beach and declared a total loss.
HMS Picotee (K63) 12 Aug 1941 Torpedoed and sunk by U-568 while escorting convoy ONS-4 south of Iceland at 62-00N, 16-01W. All hands were lost.
HMS Pink (K137) 27 Jun 1944 Torpedoed and heavily damaged by U-988 off Normandy at 49-48N, 00-49W. Declared a total loss and scrapped in 1947 at Llanelly.
HMS Polyanthus (K47) 21 Sep 1943 Torpedoed and sunk by U-952 while escorting convoy ON-202 at 57-00N, 31-10W. 1 survivor rescued by HMS Itchen (K227) but was killed when that ship was torpedoed and sunk by U-666 on 23 Sep 1943.
HMS Salvia (K97) 24 Dec 1941 Torpedoed and sunk by U-568 west of Alexandria at 31-46N, 28-00E. All hands were lost.
HMS Samphire (K128) 30 Jan 1943 Torpedoed and sunk by Italian submarine Platino while escorting convoy TE-14 off Béjaïa at 36-56N, 05-40E.
HMS Snapdragon (K10) 19 Dec 1942 Bombed and sunk by the Luftwaffe northwest of Benghazi at 32-18N, 19-54E.
HMS Vervain (K190) 20 Feb 1945 Torpedoed and sunk by U-1276 southeast of Dungarvan at 51-47N, 07-06W.
HMS Zinnia (K98) 23 Aug 1941 Torpedoed and sunk by U-564 while escorting convoy OG-71 west of Portugal at 40-25N, 10-40W.
HNoMS Montbretia (K208) 18 Nov 1942 Torpedoed and sunk by U-262 at 53-37N, 38-15W. 48 crew killed, 23 survivors were rescued by HNoMS Potentilla (K214).
HMCS Trentonian (K368) 22 Feb 1945 Torpedoed and sunk on 22 Feb 1945 by U-1004 off Falmouth at 50-06N, 04-50W. 6 crew were killed.

Battle credits

Post-war use

The relatively small Flowers were among the first warships to be declared surplus by Allied navies following the end of World War II. They had seen years of hard service in the North Atlantic and were made obsolete by the numerous large frigates, destroyers, and cruisers that entered service in the latter part of the war.

32 vessels from the RN, RCN, and USN were transferred to Argentina, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Greece, India, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa, and Venezuela. These were typically operated according to their original design, as coastal patrol vessels, with many serving until the 1970s.

The Irish Navy bought three Flowers in 1946 (LE Macha, LE Cliona, and LE Maeve). The fledgling navy had intended to purchase an additional three corvettes, as well as a number of surplus minesweepers, but severe budget restrictions cancelled these plans, leaving the original three to serve alone through the 1960s and 1970s, despite antiquated armament, poor accommodation, and maintenance problems. Entry into the EEC in 1973 resulted in funding for replacement ships.

110 surplus Flowers were sold for commercial use. These saw various careers as mercantile freighters, smugglers, tugs, weather ships, and whalers. The remainder were scrapped. Of particular interest is the story of HMCS Sudbury (K162). She was declared surplus by the RCN and sold as a towboat specializing in deep-sea salvage. In November 1955, she rescued the freighter Makedonia in the North Pacific, towing the vessel for over one month through severe weather, becoming one of the most famous salvage ships of all time.

The surplus RCN Flowers HMCS Norsyd (K520) and HMCS Beauharnois (K540) were sold as mercantile freighters but were subsequently acquired in 1946 by the Mossad Le'aliyah Bet, a branch of the Jewish Defense Association (Haganah) in the British Mandate of Palestine. Mossad Le'aliyah Bet organized Jewish immigration from Europe into Palestine, in violation of unilateral British restrictions. The corvettes were intercepted in the Mediterranean Sea during the summer of 1946 by the destroyer HMS Venus (R50) and interned in Palestine. After Israel became independent in 1948, these commercial ships were commissioned into the Israeli Navy as the warships Hashomer and Hagana respectively.

Allied navies disposed of their Flowers so quickly following the war, the RN could not supply a single vessel to play Compass Rose in the 1953 film production of Nicholas Monsarrat's novel The Cruel Sea. The Royal Hellenic Navy supplied RHS Kriezis (K32) (formerly the HMS Coreopsis (K32)) for the role prior to her scrapping.

The only survivor of the entire class is HMCS Sackville (K181), owned by the Canadian Naval Memorial Trust. She was laid up in reserve in March 1946 and converted in 1952 to a research vessel for Canadian Department of Marine and Fisheries, a role she served in until the early 1980s when she was acquired by the trust.[10] She has been restored to her wartime appearance and serves the summer months as a museum ship on loan to the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic in Halifax, Nova Scotia, while wintering securely in the naval dockyard at CFB Halifax under the care of Maritime Forces Atlantic, Maritime Command. Sackville's presence in Halifax is considered very appropriate, given the port was an important North American convoy assembly port during the war. Sackville makes her first appearance each spring when she is towed by a naval tug from HMC Dockyard to a location off Point Pleasant Park on the first Sunday in May to participate in the Commemoration of the Battle of the Atlantic ceremonies held at a memorial in the park overlooking the entrance to Halifax Harbour. Sackville typically hosts several dozen RCN veterans on this day and has also participated in several burials at sea for dispersing the ashes of RCN veterans of the Battle of the Atlantic at this location.

Trivia

  • Nicholas Monsarrat wrote the best-known fictionalised account of Flower-class corvette operations in his novel The Cruel Sea. Three Corvettes, a less well known volume by the same author is a collection of wartime essays of his personal experiences as an officer onboard a Flower, although only the first part deals with North Atlantic convoy escort duties.
  • Derek Rayner wrote Escort, a first-hand account of his experiences as an officer aboard a Flower.
  • James B. Lamb wrote The Corvette Navy, which accounts the use of these vessels by the RCN during World War II.
  • Alex H. Cherry wrote Yankee R N, the story of a Wall Street banker who volunteered for active duty in the RN, including details of Flower operations.
  • Hugh Garner wrote Storm Below which provides a detailed account of Flower-class corvettes and the stresses of shipboard life during World War II.
  • Robert Radcliffe wrote Upon Dark Waters, a fictionalized account of Flower-class corvette HMS Daisy, set in 1942 on the North Atlantic.
  • Peter Coy, who served in HMS Narcissus in the North Atlantic between June 1942 and August 1944, wrote 'The Echo of a Fighting Flower' about her and B3 Escort Group, comprising 2 British and 4 Free French corvettes.
  • Ship modellers have been attracted to this class of ship for a variety of reasons. The class has an extensive history of war service, and the original was small enough to mean a model of about 2 ft (0.61 m) in length can support considerable detail.
  • Since the class was used by many nations, and had almost unlimited modifications, there is a lot of scope for individual variation. The result is a wide variety of modelling kits are available from many manufacturers, and almost all United Kingdom, United States, and Canadian model boat clubs will have at least one owner of a Flower-class model.[citation needed]. Revell makes a 1/72 scale kit of HMCS Snowberry (K166).
  • Many specialist model companies sell a variety of ancilary Flower detail items. Several model boat clubs are dedicated exclusively to modelling the class.

See also

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flower class corvette.

Notes

  1. ^ Conways All the World's Fighting Ships (1922-1946), page 62
  2. ^ (reproduction with introduction by Antony Preston), Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II, New Jersey: Random House, 1996, ISBN 0-517-67963-9, page 68.
  3. ^ United States Navy Warship Identification Manual (NAVPERS 10796)
  4. ^ Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 11, pp.1137-42.
  5. ^ "Alacrity, USS; PG-87". U. S. Coast Guard Historian's Office. Retrieved 2008-06-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  6. ^ Canadian yards, for instance, could not build destroyer hulls.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Milner (1985) p.89
  8. ^ Monsarrat, N., H.M. corvette. Philadelphia, New York, J.B. Lippincott Co., 1943. OCLC 1523299
  9. ^ a b "Today in History August 30, 2007". Seawaves. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
  10. ^ "HMCS Sackville: The last flower (1941-2000)". History in Illustration. Retrieved 2008-06-10.

References

  • McKay, J. and J. Harland. The Flower Class Corvette Agassiz. Conway Maritime Press, 1993. ISBN 0815779751.
  • Lambert, J. and A. Raven. Flower Class Corvettes in World War II. White Raven Press, 2000.
  • Milner, Marc (1985). North Atlantic Run. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-450-0.
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