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{{Short description|Position in the royal household of the King of France}}
The '''Grand Master of France''' or '''Grand Maître de France''' was, during the [[Ancien Régime]] and [[Bourbon Restoration]] in [[France]], one of the [[Great Officers of the Crown of France]] and head of the "[[Maison du Roi]]", the king's royal household.
[[File:Orn ext Grand Maitre de France.svg|thumb|Ornaments of the Grand Master]]
 
The post was called '''SouverainGrand MaîtreMaster d'hôtelof du RoiFrance''' until 1380 and '''({{lang-fr|Grand Maître d'hôtelde duFrance}}) Roi'''was, untilduring 1463.the The{{lang|fr|[[Ancien symbolRégime]]}} ofand the[[Bourbon "GrandRestoration maître"in wasFrance|Bourbon hisRestoration]] goldenin [[Baton (symbol)|batonFrance]], givenone toof himthe by[[Great Officers of the king,Crown of France]] and hishead of the "{{lang|fr|[[coatMaison ofdu armsRoi]]}}", featuredthe twoking's crossedroyal batons behind the shieldhousehold. The position wasis roughly equivalentsimilar to the positionsthat of [[Lord Steward]] and [[Master of the Household]] in the United KingdomEngland.
 
==History==
The original name of the office was Sovereign Master of the Hotel of the King (French: ''Souverain Maître d'hôtel du Roi'''), until 1380, then becoming Grand Master of the Hotel of the King (French: ''Grand Maître d'hôtel du Roi''), until 1463, before finally becoming Grand Master of France. The symbol of the Grand Master was a blue [[Baton (symbol)|baton]] charged with golden fleur-de-lis, similar to the royal coat of arms of France, capped with a golden representation of the French royal crown. The Grand Master was entitled to bear this symbol of his office in his [[coat of arms]], two being crossed in [[saltire]] behind the shield.
 
== Duties ==
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== Officeholders ==
 
The position was frequently given to the highest of the [[French nobility|nobility]] or to the king's close friends. [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] conferred it upon his former teacher [[Artus Gouffier, Lord of Boissy|Artus Gouffier]], then to his uncle [[René de Savoie]], the "grand bâtard de Savoie", then to his friend [[Anne de Montmorency|Anne, duc de Montmorency]].
 
In [[1559]], with the dismissal of Montmorency, the office fell into the hands of the [[Dukes of Guise]], who used the position to increase their influence at court to such a point that [[Henry III of France|Henry III]] forced [[Henry I, Duke of Guise]] to reduce his scope of authority. In [[1594]], the position passed into the control of the [[House of Bourbon]] and the [[Princes of Condé]], who maintained control until the [[French Revolution]] (except for the period 1654–1656, when it was held by [[Thomas Francis, Prince of CarignanCarignano|Thomas of Savoy-Carignano]], who had replaced the Guises as foremost of the ''[[Foreign Prince|princes étrangerétrangers]]'').<ref>{{cite book|last= Spanheim|first= Ézéchiel|authorlinkauthor-link=Ezekiel, Freiherr von Spanheim|editor= ed.Emile Bourgeois|editor-link= Emile Bourgeois|title= Relation de la Cour de France|url= https://archive.org/details/relationdelacou00spangoog|series= le Temps retrouvé|year = 1973|publisher=Mercure de France|location= [[Paris]]|language= French|page= [https://archive.org/details/relationdelacou00spangoog/page/n154 134]}}</ref>
 
== Grand Masters of France ==
[[File:Grand Maître de France.jpg|thumb|Coat of arms of [[Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé]], the last Grand Maître de France]]
* ca. 1300: Arnould de Wesemal
* 1310: Mathieu II de Trie
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* 1343: [[Gui de Ceriz]] (died 1369)
* 1347: Robert III de Dreux (1288–1351)
* ca. 1350: {{ill|John of Châtillon (1283–1363) |fr|Jean II de Châtillon|de|Johann I. (Châtillon)|lt=Jean I de Châtillon}} (died 1363)
* ca. 1350: Jean II de Melun (died 1381)
* ca. 1350: Pierre I de Villiers (died c. 1390)
* ca. 1350: Gui IV Damas (1288–1351)
* ca. 1380: Jean le Mercier
* 1388-1408: [[Jean de Montagu]] (died 1409)
* 1408-1409: [[Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria]] (ca. 1368-14471368–1447)
* 1409-1413: Guichard II (died 1415)
* 1413-1422: [[Louis, Count of Vendôme]] (1376–1446)
* 1422-1440: [[Tanguy du Chastel]] (died 1449)
* 1440-1451: Charles de Culant (died c. 1451)
* 1451-1453: [[Jacques de Chabannes]] (died 1453)
* 1456-1461: [[Raoul de Gaucourt]] (died 1461)
* 1463: [[Antoine I de Croÿ]] (1385–1475)
* 1465-1467: Charles Ier de Melun (diedexecuted on 22 August 1468)
* 1467: [[Antoine de Chabannes]] (1411–14881408–1488)
* ca. 1483: [[Guy XV de Laval|François Guy XV, comte de Laval et Monfort]] (1435–1500)
* 1485-ca. 1496 : [[Philip II, Duke of Savoy]] (1438–1497)
* 1502-1511: [[Charles II d'Amboise]] (1473–1511)
* 1511-1515: [[Jacques de la Palice|Jacques II de Chabannes-La Palice]] (ca.1470-1525)
* 1515-1519: [[Artus Gouffier, Lord of Boissy|Artus Gouffier, duc de Roannais]] (died 1519)
* 1519-1525: [[René of Savoy]], comte de Villars (died 1525)
* 1526-1558: [[Anne de Montmorency]] (1492–1567)
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* 1643-1646: [[Henry II de Bourbon, prince de Condé]] (1588–1646)
* 1647-1654(?): [[Louis II de Bourbon, prince de Condé]], ''le Grand Condé'' (1621–1686)
* 1654-1656: [[Thomas Francis, Prince of CarignanCarignano|Thomas of Savoy, prince deof CarignanCarignano]] (1596–1656)
* 1656-1660: [[Armand de Bourbon, prince de Conti]] (1629–1666)
* 1660-1685: [[Henri Jules de Bourbon-Condé|Henri Jules de Bourbon]], prince de Condé (1643–1709)
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==References==
* Bernard Barbiche, ''Les Institutions de la monarchie française à l’époque moderne, XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles'', Presses universitaires de France, coll. « Premier cycle », 2001 (2nd edition). {{ISBN|2-13-051940-7}}
*''This article is based on the [[:fr:Grand maître de France|equivalent article]] from the [[French Wikipedia]], translated here on August 15, 2006.''
* BernardJean-François BarbicheSolnon, ''LesLa InstitutionsCour de la monarchie française à l’époque moderne, XVIIe–XVIIIe sièclesFrance'', Presses universitairesLivre de FrancePoche, coll. « Premier cycleRéférences », 20011996 (2nd1st edition 1987). {{ISBN |2-13253-05194090439-72}}
* Jean-François Solnon, ''La Cour de France'', Livre de Poche, coll. « Références », 1996 (1st edition 1987). ISBN 2-253-90439-2
 
==Notes==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Grand Master Of France}}
[[Category:Court titles in the Ancien Régime]]
[[Category:French nobilitynoble titles]]
[[Category:Grand Masters of France| ]]
 
[[de:Großmeister von Frankreich]]
[[fr:Grand maître de France]]
[[it:Gran Maestro di Francia]]
[[nl:Grootmeester van Frankrijk]]
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