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Prior to administration of a general anaesthetic, the anaesthetist may administer one or more drugs that complement or improve the quality or safety of the anaesthetic or simply provide anxiolysis. Premedication also often has mild sedative effects and may reduce the amount of anaesthetic agent required during the case.<ref name=":11" />
One commonly used premedication is [[clonidine]], an [[Alpha-adrenergic agonist#α2 agonists|alpha-2 adrenergic agonist]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bergendahl H, Lönnqvist PA, Eksborg S | title = Clonidine in paediatric anaesthesia: review of the literature and comparison with benzodiazepines for premedication | journal = Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 135–143 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 16430532 | doi = 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.00940.x | url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/118557949/HTMLSTART | s2cid = 25797363 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20121216135407/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/118557949/HTMLSTART | archive-date = 2012-12-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dahmani S, Brasher C, Stany I, Golmard J, Skhiri A, Bruneau B, Nivoche Y, Constant I, Murat I | display-authors = 6 | title = Premedication with clonidine is superior to benzodiazepines. A meta analysis of published studies | journal = Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica | volume = 54 | issue = 4 | pages = 397–402 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 20085541 | doi = 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02207.x | s2cid = 205430269 }}</ref> It reduces postoperative shivering, [[postoperative nausea and vomiting]], and emergence [[delirium]].<ref name=":11" /> However, a randomized controlled trial from 2021 demonstrated that clonidine is less effective at providing anxiolysis and more sedative in children of preschool age. Oral clonidine can take up to 45 minutes to take full effect,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bromfalk |first1=Åsa |last2=Myrberg |first2=Tomi |last3=Walldén |first3=Jakob |last4=Engström |first4=Åsa |last5=Hultin |first5=Magnus |date=November 2021 |editor-last=Cravero |editor-first=Joseph |title=Preoperative anxiety in preschool children: A randomized clinical trial comparing midazolam, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pan.14279 |journal=Pediatric Anesthesia |language=en |volume=31 |issue=11 |pages=1225–1233 |doi=10.1111/pan.14279 |pmid=34403548 |s2cid=237197251 |issn=1155-5645|doi-access=free }}</ref> The drawbacks of clonidine include [[hypotension]] and [[bradycardia]], but these can be advantageous in patient with hypertension and tachycardia.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Henry RG, Raybould TP, Romond K, Kouzoukas DE, Challman SD | title = Clonidine as a preoperative sedative | journal = Special Care in Dentistry | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 80–88 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29364538 | doi = 10.1111/scd.12269 | s2cid = 3875130 }}</ref> Another commonly used alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is
Benzodiazepines are the most commonly used class of drugs for premedication. The most commonly utilized benzodiazepine is [[Midazolam]], which is characterized by a rapid onset and short duration. Midazolam is effective in reducing [[Preoperational anxiety|preoperative anxiety]], including [[Separation anxiety disorder|separation anxiety]] in children.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=El Batawi |first=Hisham Yehia |date=2015 |title=Effect of preoperative oral midazolam sedation on separation anxiety and emergence delirium among children undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia |journal=Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=88–94 |doi=10.4103/2231-0762.155728 |issn=2231-0762 |pmc=4415335 |pmid=25992332}}</ref> It also provides mild sedation, sympathicolysis, and anterograde amnesia.<ref name=":11" />
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