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{{Short description|15th-century Albanian military leader}}
{{cite check|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox noble|typeroyalty
| name = Gjergj Arianiti
| title = Prince of = Arianiti
| image = =GjergjArianitiBust.jpg
| caption = Modern bust of Gjergj Arianit located in [[Krujë]]
| alt =
| CoA =
| more = no
| reign =
| reign-type =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| suc-type =
| succession =
| spouse = [[Muzaka family|Maria Muzaka]]<br>[[Pietrina Francone]]
| spouse-type = Spouses
| issue = [[Donika Kastrioti|Andronika, Queen of Albania]]<br> [[Angelina of Serbia|Angelina, Empress of Serbia]]<br>[[Constantine Arianiti|Constantine, Prince of Macedonia]]<br>[[#Family|More see family-section]]
| issue-link =
| issue-pipe =
| full name = George Arianiti Thopia Comnenus
| styles =
| titles =
| noble family = [[File:Arianiti.svg|20px]] [[Arianiti family|Arianiti]]
| house-type =
| father = [[Komnen Arianiti|Comnino Arianiti]]
| mother = daughter of Nicholas = Zaharia
| birth_date = 1383
| birth_place = Principality of = Arianiti
| religion = [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
| christening_date =
| christening_place =
| death_date = 1462
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| occupation = 1423-27 hostage at [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] court <br/> 1431-35: Leader of the [[Albanian Revolt of 1432–36|revolt against Ottomans]]<ref name="Jefferson2012">{{cite book|last=Jefferson|first=John|author-link=John Jefferson|title=The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438-1444|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpvqWWpUYSoC&pg=PA109|date=17 August 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-21904-5|page=109}}</ref> <br/> 1444-50, 1456-1462: Member of the [[League of Lezhë]]<br/> 1451-before 1456: [[Kingdom of Naples|Neapolitan]] ally
}}
 
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==Origin and early life==
[[File:EpitafiEpitaph of Gllavenica.jpg|160px350px|thumb|right|[[Epitaph of Gllavenica]] was commissioned by the ruler Gjergj Arianiti in 1373.]]
Gjergj Arianitis' father was [[Komnen Arianiti]], whose domains were in the vicinity of [[Durrës]] (''in partibus Durrachii'').<ref name="Shut">{{cite book|last=Shuteriqi|first=Dhimitër|editor=Zana Prela|title=Aranitët: Historia- Gjenealogjia-Zotërimet|year=2012|publisher=Toena|isbn=978-99943-1-729-5 |page=97}}</ref> According to [[Franz Babinger]] and Lindsay L. Brook, Arianiti's mother was certainly a daughter of Nicolò Sevati;<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brook|first=Lindsay L.|date=1981|title=The Byzantine Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales|journal=The Genealogist|publisher=Association for the Promotion of Scholarship in Genealogy|volume=2|page=9|quote=A secure Arianitai descent can be given for only three generations. – N. ARIANITES KOMNENOS, fl. c.1400, ?Lord of Cermenika, m. N.N., daughter of Nicolò Sevati.}}</ref> while according to [[Dhimitër Shuteriqi]] she was a daughter of [[Zaharia family|Nikollë Zaharia]]. Gjergj was the oldest of three sons, his two brothers being Muzaka and Vladan.<ref name="Shut"/>
 
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==Family==
His first marriage was to [[Maria Muzaka]], adaughter noblewomanof from[[Muzaka afamily|Andrea prominentIII albanianMuzaka]] familyand [[John Zenevisi#Descendants|Anna Chiranna Zenevisi]],<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_sHmTRCEe7kC&pg=PA42|page=42|title=Early Albania|author=Robert Elsie|year=2003|publisher=Harrassowitz|isbn=978-3-447-04783-8 }}</ref> with whom he had sixeight daughters. After her death, Gjergj Arianiti married Lady Pietrina Francone, daughter of the Italian noble Oliver Francone. The couple had sevenfive more children, three of whom were boys.
 
From his marriagesfirst marriage to [[Maria Muzaka]], Arianiti had 10the daughtersfollowing issue:
 
*'''The first daughter''', [[Donika Kastrioti|Andronika]], (ormore commonly known by the nickname Donika)]], was married to [[Skanderbeg|Skanderbeg, Lord of Albania]],<ref name="DIC">{{cite book|title=A dictionary of Albanian religion, mythology and folk culture|author=Robert Elsie|year=2001 |publisher=C. Hurst |isbn=9781850655701 |author-link=Robert Elsie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_IXHrXIsYkC}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> makingin her1448. theShe is traditionally regarded as Albania's first Queen Consort. Such title, however, would officially be held only by [[Geraldine of Albania|Géraldine Apponyi de Nagy]] during [[Zog I|Zog I's]] reign. The coupleDonika and Skanderbeg had manyone childrenson, only[[John twoCastriot II]], [[San Pietro in Galatina|Duke of whichSan reachedPietro adulthoodin :Galatina]], who married [[Jerina Branković (wife of Gjon Kastrioti II)|Princess Irene Brankovich]], the daughter of Serbian Despot [[Lazar Branković]].<ref name="albanianhistory.net">''Brief Chronicle on the Descendants of our Musachi Dynasty'' by [[John Musachi]] (1515) {{cite web |title=1515 &#124; John Musachi: Brief Chronicle on the Descendants of our Musachi Dynasty |url=http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts16-18/AH1515.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910095427/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts16-18/AH1515.html |archive-date=2010-09-10 |access-date=2011-11-29}}</ref>
**[[John Castriot II]], [[San Pietro in Galatina|Duke of San Pietro in Galatina]], who married [[Jerina Branković (wife of Gjon Kastrioti II)|Princess Irene Brankovich]], the daughter of Serbian Despot [[Lazar Branković]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} They had several children among whom Ferdinand Castriota, Duke of San Pietro in Galatina and Maria Castriota.
**Voisava Castriota, whose identity is still a mystery.
*'''The second daughter, Voisava,''' was married to [[Ivan I Crnojević|Ivan I of Zeta]] and they had two sons :<ref name="albanianhistory.net" />
**[[Đurađ Crnojević|George of Zeta]]
**[[Skenderbeg Crnojević|Stanislaus of Zeta]]
*
*'''The third daughter, Chiranna''', was married to [[Nicholas Dukagjini|Nicholas I Dukagjini]]. At the time of her marriage Lady Anna was aged 14–15 years old, while her husband might have been around 14–20 years old.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Aranitët në Librazhd|publisher=Avni Alcani|year=2019|isbn=978-9928-290-34-2|location=Albania|pages=73–74}}</ref> She gave birth to two sons, '''''Paul IV Ducagino and Dragga Ducagino.''''' Lord Draga died in 1462 in Venice. Paul, on the other hand, allied himself with the Ottomans becoming a Pasha and a great Commander of the Sultan.<ref name="albanianhistory.net" />▼
*'''The fourth daughter, Helena''', was married to Lord George III Dukagjini, to whom many children were born, most of which allied with the Ottomans. One of them was '''N''icholas III''''', while another son, named '''S''canderbeg''''' ''i''s mentioned in Gjon Muzaka's Chronicles to have been still alive by 1515, ruling as a Sanjakbey.<ref name="albanianhistory.net" />▼
*'''The fifth daughter Despina''', was married to Lord Tanush IV Dukagjini. They had two children: a son that died young and a daughter, '''L''ady Theodora'''''. Her two sons were Lords ''Blaise'' and ''Jacob''.▼
*'''The sixth daughter''', [[Angelina of Serbia|Angelina]], married [[Stefan Branković|Stephen, Despot of Serbia]], son of ''Despot'' [[Đurađ Branković|Đurađ Brankovich]]. Angelina and Stephen had two sons and one daughter. Their eldest son [[Đorđe Branković|George Brankovich]] was the titular [[Despot of Serbia]] from 1486 until his monastic vows in 1496. Angelina's only daughter [[Maria of Serbia, Marchioness of Montferrat|Princess Maria of Serbia]], married [[Boniface III, Marquis of Montferrat]], with whom she had : [[William IX, Marquis of Montferrat]] and [[John George, Marquis of Montferrat]]. ▼
*'''The seventh daughter, Komita''' (or Komnina), married [[Gojko Balšić|Goico Balsha, Lord of Misia]].<ref>Slijepčević 1983, p. 40: "Комнина за Гојка.Балшића"</ref> The couple had two sons, who died in Hungary.<ref name="albanianhistory.net" /> Their daughter '''''Lady Maria Balsha''''' married Jacopo Alfonso Mazzeo-Ferillo, Count of Muro with whom she had two daughters : ▼
*Lady Beatrice Mazzeo-Ferillo, who married [[Counts and Dukes of Gravina|Prince Ferdinand Orsino, Duke of Gravina]]
*Lady Isabella Mazzeo-Ferillo, married [[Count of Conza|Louis of Gesualdo, Count of Conza]].{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}
*'''The eighth daughter Catherine''', after the death of her first husband [[Spani family|Andrew Spani]], married [[Niccolò|Niccolò Boccali]], a nobleman from Venice who held the title of Baron in Morea. The couple had two sons, other than their daughters, out of whom only one's name is documented :<ref name="albanianhistory.net" /> ▼
**'''''Lord Manoli Boccali'''''
**'''''Lord Constantine Boccali'''''
**'''''Lady Maria Boccali''''', married Giacomo de Pagnanin
**unnamed '''d''aughters''''' who married Hungerian noblemen<ref>{{Cite book|title=Aranitët në Librazhd|publisher=Botimet Barleti|year=2019|isbn=978-9928-290-34-2|location=Albania|pages=87–88}}</ref>
*'''His ninth daughter''' was '''Lady Theodora Arianiti'''.
*'''The tenth daughter Maria Arianiti''', married Bartolomeo Giuppo del Rovere (1474-1545). They had a son, '''''Francesco del Rovere''''' , who initially became Bishop of Camerino (1508), Voltera (1514) and finally Archbishop of Benevento (1530-1545).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Aranitët në Librazhd|publisher=Avni Alcani|year=2019|isbn=978-9928-290-34-2|location=Albania|pages=83}}</ref>▼
 
*Goisava (or Voisava), Lady of Zeta married to [[Ivan I Crnojević|Ivan I of Zeta]] with whom she had two sons, [[Đurađ Crnojević|George]] and [[Skenderbeg Crnojević|Stanislaus of Zeta]].
Gjergj Arianiti's only sons came from his second marriage to the italian noblewoman Pietrina Francone. They were:▼
 
▲*'''The third daughter, Chiranna''', was married to [[Nicholas Dukagjini|Nicholas I Dukagjini]]. At the time of her marriage Lady Annashe was aged14 14–15or 15 years old, while herthe husbandgroom might have been aroundbetween 14–2014 to 20 years oldof age.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Aranitët në Librazhd|publisher=Avni Alcani|year=2019|isbn=978-9928-290-34-2|location=Albania|pages=73–74}}</ref> She gave birth to two sons, '''''Paul IV Ducagino and Dragga DucaginoDukagjini.''''' Lord Draga died in 1462 in Venice. Paul, on the other hand, allied himself with the Ottomans becoming a Pasha and a great Commander of the Sultan.<ref name="albanianhistory.net" />
'''Lord Thoma Comneno''', his eldest son ▼
 
*[[Constantine Arianiti]], who became a leader among Christian Balkan refugees in Italy and used the titles Prince of Macedonia, Duke of Achea and Despot of Morea. In the early 16th century, Constantine served as a diplomat to the popes and the future [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]], with both parties finding him a talented ambassador. In 1489 he married Francesca of Montferrat, member of the [[Palaeologus-Montferrat]] family, branch of the Byzantine Imperial [[Palaiologos]] dynasty, and a step-daughter to his niece [[Maria of Serbia, Marchioness of Montferrat|Maria of Serbia]]. From 1495-1499 he became regent of Montferrat, on behalf of the young [[William IX, Marquis of Montferrat|William IX]], his brother-in law and grand-nephew. With Francesca, Constantine had the following children:▼
▲*'''The fourth daughter, Helena''', was marriedthe towife Lordof George III Dukagjini,. toMany whomof manythe couple's children, weresuch born,as mostNicholas of whichIII, allied with the Ottomans. Onelater ofin themlife. was '''N''icholas III''''', while anotherAnother son, named '''S''canderbeg'''''Scanderbeg ''i''sis mentioned in Gjon Muzaka's Chronicles to have been still alive by 1515, ruling as a Sanjakbey.<ref name="albanianhistory.net" />
 
▲*'''The fifth daughter Despina''', was married to Lord Tanush IV Dukagjini. They had two children: a son that died young and a daughter, '''L''adyLady Theodora'''''. HerThe twolatter's sons were the Lords ''Blaise'' and ''Jacob''.
 
▲*'''The sixth daughter''', [[Angelina of Serbia|Saint Angelina, Empress of Serbia]], married [[Stefan Branković|Stephen, Despot of Serbia]], son of ''Despot'' [[Đurađ Branković|Đurađ Brankovich]]. Angelina and Stephen had two sons and one daughter. Their eldest son [[Đorđe Branković|George Brankovich]] was the titular [[Despot of Serbia]] from 1486 until his monastic vows in 1496. Angelina's only daughter [[Maria of Serbia, Marchioness of Montferrat|Princess Maria of Serbia]], married [[Boniface III, Marquis of Montferrat]], with whom she had : [[William IX, Marquis of Montferrat]] and [[John George, Marquis of Montferrat]].
 
▲*'''The seventh daughter, Komita''' (or Komnina), married [[Gojko Balšić|Goico Balsha, Lord of Misia]].<ref>Slijepčević 1983, p. 40: "Комнина за Гојка.Балшића"</ref> The couple had two sons, who died in Hungary.<ref name="albanianhistory.net" /> Their daughter '''''Lady Maria Balsha''''' married Jacopo Alfonso Mazzeo-Ferillo, Count of Muro with whom she had two daughters. :The first daughter Lady Beatrice married [[Counts and Dukes of Gravina|Prince Ferdinand Orsino, Duke of Gravina]], while the other, Lady Isabella married [[Count of Conza|Louis of Gesualdo, Count of Conza]].<ref name="albanianhistory.net" />
 
▲*'''The eighth daughter Catherine''', after the death of her first husband [[Spani family|Andrew Spani]], married [[Niccolò|Niccolò Boccali]], a nobleman from Venice who held the title of Baron in Morea. The couple's hadchildren twowere sons Lord Manoli Boccali, otherLord thanConstantine theirBoccali daughtersand Lady Maria who married Giacomo de Pagnanin. Moreover, outJohn ofMuzaka whommentions onlyfurther one'sunnamed namedaughters ismarried documentedto :Hungerian noblemen.<ref name="albanianhistory.net" />
▲From Gjergj Arianiti's only sons came from his second marriage to the italian noblewoman Pietrina Francone.: They were:
*Lady Theodora Arianiti
 
▲*'''The tenth daughter Maria Arianiti''', married to Bartolomeo Giuppo del Rovere (1474-1545). They had a son, '''''Francesco del Rovere''''' , who initially became Bishop of Camerino (1508), Voltera (1514) and finally Archbishop of Benevento (1530-1545).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Aranitët në Librazhd|publisher=Avni Alcani|year=2019|isbn=978-9928-290-34-2|location=Albania|pages=83}}</ref>
 
▲'''*Lord Thoma Comneno''', his eldest son
 
▲*[[Constantine Arianiti]], who became a leader among Christian Balkan refugees in Italy and used the titles Prince of Macedonia, Duke of Achea and Despot of Morea. In the early 16th century, Constantine served as a diplomat to the popes and the future [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]], with both parties finding him a talented ambassador. In 1489 he married Francesca of Montferrat, member of the [[Palaeologus-Montferrat]] family, branch of the Byzantine Imperial [[Palaiologos]] dynasty, and a step-daughter to his niece [[Maria of Serbia, Marchioness of Montferrat|Maria of Serbia]]. From 1495-1499 he became regent of Montferrat, on behalf of the young [[William IX, Marquis of Montferrat|William IX]], his brother-in law and grand-nephew. With Francesca, Constantine had the following children:
**[[Arianitto Arianiti|Arianitto, Prince of Macedonia]]
**'''''Andronica''''', married to [[Carlo III Tocco]] then after his death to Giorgio Secco, a milanese nobleman.
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**'''''Polissena''''' married Rinaldo degli Ottoni di Matelica.
**'''''Deinara''''', married Giorgio Trivulzio.
**'''''Elena''''', married Juan de Luna, a castillian nobleman.
 
*Gjergj Arianiti's youngest son was '''Lord Arianites Araniti Comnenus'''.
 
==See also==
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[[Category:Arianites family|Gjergj]]
[[Category:Arianiti family|Gjergj]]
[[Category:AlbaniansAlbanian people from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:15th-century Neapolitan people]]
[[Category:Albanian Christians]]
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[[Category:1461 births]]
[[Category:Albanian military personnel]]
[[Category:Albanian monarchs]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjergj_Arianiti"