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Until the 1990s, Russian Gothic critics did not view Russian Gothic as a genre or label. If used, the word "gothic" was used to describe (mostly early) works of [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] from the 1880s. Most critics used tags such as "Romanticism" and "[[fantastique]]", such as in the 1984 story collection translated into English as ''Russian 19th-Century Gothic Tales'' but originally titled ''Фантастический мир русской романтической повести'', literally, "The Fantastic World of Russian Romanticism Short Story/Novella."<ref>Cornwell (1999). Introduction.</ref> However, since the mid-1980s, Russian gothic fiction as a genre began to be discussed in books such as ''The Gothic-Fantastic in Nineteenth-Century Russian Literature'', ''European Gothic: A Spirited Exchange 1760–1960'', ''The Russian Gothic Novel and its British Antecedents'' and ''Goticheskiy roman v Rossii (The Gothic Novel in Russia)''.
The first Russian author whose work has been described as gothic fiction is considered to be [[Nikolay Karamzin|Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin]]. While many of his works feature gothic elements, the first to belong purely under the gothic fiction label is ''Ostrov Borngolm'' (''Island of Bornholm'') from 1793.<ref>Cornwell (1999). Derek Offord: ''Karamzin's Gothic Tale'', pp. 37–58.</ref> Nearly ten years later, [[Nikolay Gnedich|Nikolay Ivanovich Gnedich]] followed suit with his 1803 novel ''Don Corrado de Gerrera'', set in Spain during the reign of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]].<ref>Cornwell (1999). Alessandra Tosi: "At the origins of the Russian gothic novel", pp. 59–82.</ref> The term "Gothic" is sometimes also used to describe the [[ballad]]s of Russian authors such as [[Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky]], particularly "Ludmila" (1808) and "[[Svetlana (ballad)|Svetlana]]" (1813), both translations based on [[Gottfried August Bürger|Gottfreid August Burger]]'s Gothic German ballad, "[[Lenore (ballad)|Lenore]]
During the last years of [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russia]] in the early 20th century, many authors continued to write in the Gothic fiction genre. They include the historian and historical fiction writer [[Alexander Amfiteatrov|Alexander Valentinovich Amfiteatrov]] and [[Leonid Andreyev|Leonid Nikolaievich Andreyev]], who developed psychological characterization; the symbolist [[Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov]], [[Alexander Grin]], [[Anton Pavlovich Chekhov]];<ref>Cornwell (1999). p. 257.</ref> and [[Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin]].<ref name="Butuzov"/> Nobel Prize winner [[Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin]] wrote ''[[Dry Valley (novel)|Dry Valley]]'' (1912), which is seen as influenced by Gothic literature.<ref>Peterson, p. 36.</ref> In a monograph on the subject, Muireann Maguire writes, "The centrality of the Gothic-fantastic to Russian fiction is almost impossible to exaggerate, and certainly exceptional in the context of world literature."<ref>Muireann Maguire, ''Stalin's Ghosts: Gothic Themes in Early Soviet Literature'' (Peter Lang Publishing, 2012; {{ISBN|3-0343-0787-X}}), p. 14.</ref>
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