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{{shortShort description|American writer (1913–1984)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Irwin Shaw
| image = Irwin Shaw (1948).jpg
| imagesizecaption = 250Shaw in 1948
| caption = Irwin Shaw in his CUNY years, {{circa|1933}}
| birth_name = Irwin Gilbert Shamforoff
| birth_date = {{birth date|1913|2|27}}
| birth_place = [[The Bronx, New York City]], United StatesU.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1984|5|16|1913|2|27}}
| death_place = [[Davos]], Switzerland
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* novelist
}}
| nationality = American
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = ''[[Bury the Dead]]'' (1936)<br />''[[The Young Lions (novel)|The Young Lions]]'' (1948)<br />''[[Rich Man, Poor Man (novel)|Rich Man, Poor Man]]'' (1969)<br />''[[Beggarman, Thief]]'' (1977)
| spouse = Marian Edwards (1916-19961916–1996)
| partner =
| children =
| awards = {{nowrap|[[O. Henry Award]] (1944, 1945)<br />[[American Academy of Arts and Letters|National Institute of Arts and<br />Letters Grant]] (1946)<br />[[Playboy|Playboy Award]] Award (1964, 1970, 1979)<br />[[Honorary Doctorate]], [[Brooklyn College]]}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.irwinshaw.org}}
}}
'''Irwin Shaw''' (February 27, 1913 &ndash; May 16, 1984) was an American playwright, screenwriter, novelist, and short-story author whose written works have sold more than 14 million copies. He is best known for two of his novels: ''[[The Young Lions]]'' (1948), about the fate of three soldiers during [[World War II]], which was made into [[The Young Lions (film)|a film of the same name]] starring [[Marlon Brando]] and [[Montgomery Clift]], and ''[[Rich Man, Poor Man (novel)|Rich Man, Poor Man]]'' (1970), about the fate of two brothers and a sister in the post-World War II decades,<ref name="previously unmentioned sister, Gretchen"/> which in 1976 was made into [[Rich Man, Poor Man (miniseries)|a popular miniseries]] starring [[Peter Strauss]], [[Nick Nolte]], and [[Susan Blakely]].
 
'''Irwin Shaw''' (February 27, 1913 – May 16, 1984) was an American playwright, screenwriter, novelist, and short-story author whose written works have sold more than 14 million copies. He is best known for two of his novels: ''[[The Young Lions (novel)|The Young Lions]]'' (1948), about the fate of three soldiers during [[World War II]], which was made into [[The Young Lions (film)|a film of the same name]] starring [[Marlon Brando]] and [[Montgomery Clift]], and ''[[Rich Man, Poor Man (novel)|Rich Man, Poor Man]]'' (1970), about the fate of two brothers and a sister in the post-World War II decades,<ref name="previously unmentioned sister, Gretchen" /> which in 1976 was made into [[Rich Man, Poor Man (miniseries)|a popular miniseries]] starring [[Peter Strauss]], [[Nick Nolte]], and [[Susan Blakely]].
==Personal life==
Shaw was born '''Irwin Gilbert Shamforoff''' in the [[South Bronx]], New York City, to [[Jewish]] [[immigrant]]s from [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://broadwayworld.com/viewcolumn.cfm?colid=33748 |title=Transport Group to Present Revival of Shaw's 'Bury the Dead' Starting 10/31 |publisher=Broadwayworld.com |access-date=2013-12-11}}</ref> His parents were Rose and Will. His younger brother, David Shaw, became a noted Hollywood producer and writer.<ref name="davidshaw">{{cite web |url=http://www.emmys.com/news/golden-era-scribe-david-shaw-dies |title=Golden Era Scribe David Shaw Dies |publisher=[[Emmy Award|Emmys]] |date=August 20, 2007 |access-date=January 15, 2014}}</ref> Shortly after Irwin's birth, the Shamforoffs moved to [[Brooklyn]]. Irwin changed his surname upon entering college. He spent most of his youth in Brooklyn, where he graduated from [[Brooklyn College]] with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1934.
 
== Personal life ==
He began screenwriting in 1935 at age 21. In 1939 he married actress and producer Marian Edwards, daughter of silent film actor [[Snitz Edwards]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/31/arts/marian-shaw-theatrical-producer-80.html|title=Marian Shaw, Theatrical Producer, 80|date=December 31, 1996|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> The couple divorced in 1967, remarrying two years before Irwin's death in 1982.
[[File:Irwin Shaw.jpg|thumb|upright|Shaw in his CUNY years, {{circa|1933}}]]
Shaw was born '''Irwin Gilbert Shamforoff''' in the [[South Bronx]], New York City, to [[Jewish]] [[immigrant]]s from [[Nizhyn]], [[Ukraine]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Michael Shnayerson |url=http://archive.org/details/irwinshawbiograp00shna |title=Irwin Shaw |date=1989 |publisher=Putnam |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-399-13443-2}}</ref> His parents were Rose and Will. His younger brother, David Shaw, became a noted Hollywood producer and writer.<ref name="davidshaw">{{cite web |url=http://www.emmys.com/news/golden-era-scribe-david-shaw-dies |title=Golden Era Scribe David Shaw Dies |publisher=[[Emmy Award|Emmys]] |date=August 20, 2007 |access-date=January 15, 2014}}</ref> Shortly after Irwin's birth, the Shamforoffs moved to [[Brooklyn]]. Irwin changed his surname upon entering college. He spent most of his youth in Brooklyn, where he graduated from [[Brooklyn College]] with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1934.
 
He began screenwriting in 1935 at age 21. In 1939 he married actress and producer Marian Edwards, daughter of silent film actor [[Snitz Edwards]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/31/arts/marian-shaw-theatrical-producer-80.html|title=Marian Shaw, Theatrical Producer, 80|date=December 31, 1996|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> The couple divorced in 1967, remarrying two years before Irwin's death in 1984.
During World War II, he was approached by [[William Wyler]] to join his film unit. Unable to be commissioned as an officer due to his age and 1-A draft status,<ref>Miller, Gabriel ''William Wyler: The Life and Films of Hollywood's Most Celebrated Director'' University Press of Kentucky, 19 Jul. 2013</ref> Shaw decided to enter the Regular Army. Later, the Army, noting his background, sent him to [[George Stevens]]' film unit.<ref>Harris, Mark ''Five Came Back: A Story of Hollywood and the Second World War'' Canongate Books, 20 Feb. 2014</ref> He was one of four writers attached to Stevens' command, in which he became a [[Warrant officer (United States)|warrant officer]]. After the war, he returned to his career as a writer.
 
During [[World War II]], he was approached by [[William Wyler]] to join his film unit. Unable to be commissioned as an officer due to his age and 1-A draft status,<ref>Miller, Gabriel ''William Wyler: The Life and Films of Hollywood's Most Celebrated Director'' University Press of Kentucky, July 19, 2013</ref> Shaw decided to enter the [[United States Army|Regular Army]]. Later, the Army, noting his background, reassigned him to the [[United States Army Signal Corps|Signal Corps]] with [[George Stevens]]' film unit.<ref>Harris, Mark ''Five Came Back: A Story of Hollywood and the Second World War'' Canongate Books, February 20, 2014</ref> He was one of four writers attached to Stevens' command, in which he became a [[Warrant officer (United States)|warrant officer]]. After the war, he returned to his career as a writer.
Shaw died in [[Davos, Switzerland]] on May 16, 1984, at age 71, after undergoing treatment for [[prostate cancer]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/pages/archives/findaid/shaw/bio.html |title=The Papers of Irwin Shaw|work=BROOKLYN COLLEGE ARCHIVES AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS|access-date=2013-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022082906/http://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/pages/archives/findaid/shaw/bio.html |archive-date=2015-10-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
Shaw died in [[Davos, Switzerland]] on May 16, 1984, at age 71, after undergoing treatment for [[prostate cancer]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/pages/archives/findaid/shaw/bio.html |title=The Papers of Irwin Shaw|work=BROOKLYN COLLEGE ARCHIVES AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS|access-date=December 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022082906/http://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/pages/archives/findaid/shaw/bio.html |archive-date=October 22, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Career==
 
===Drama= Career ==
In the 1930s, Shaw wrote scripts for several [[Old-time radio|radio show]]s, including ''[[Dick Tracy]]'', ''[[The Gumps (radio)|The Gumps]]'' and ''Studio One''. He recaptured this period of his life in his short story "Main Currents of American Thought," about a hack radio writer grinding out one script after another while calculating the number of words equal to the rent money:
 
=== Drama ===
{{quote|Furniture, and a hundred and thirty-seven dollars. His mother had always wanted a good dining-room table. She didn't have a maid, she said, so he ought to get her a dining room table. How many words for a dining-room table?}}
In the 1930s, Shaw wrote scripts for several [[Old-time radio|radio shows]], including ''[[Dick Tracy]]'', ''[[The Gumps (radio)|The Gumps]]'' and ''Studio One''. He recaptured this period of his life in his short story "Main Currents of American Thought," about a hack radio writer grinding out one script after another while calculating the number of words equal to the rent money:
 
{{blockquote|Furniture, and a hundred and thirty-seven dollars. His mother had always wanted a good dining-room table. She didn't have a maid, she said, so he ought to get her a dining room table. How many words for a dining-room table?}}
Shaw's first play, ''[[Bury the Dead]]'' ([[1936 in literature#New drama|1936]]) was an [[Expressionism|expressionist]] drama about a group of soldiers killed in a battle who refuse to be buried. His play ''[[Quiet City (play)|Quiet City]]'', directed by [[Elia Kazan]] and with incidental music by [[Aaron Copland]], closed after two Sunday performances.
 
Shaw's first play, ''[[Bury the Dead]]'' ([[1936 in literature#Drama|1936]]) was an [[Expressionism|expressionist]] drama about a group of soldiers killed in a battle who refuse to be buried. His play ''[[Quiet City (play)|Quiet City]]'', directed by [[Elia Kazan]] and with incidental music by [[Aaron Copland]], closed after two Sunday performances.
 
During the 1940s, Shaw wrote for a number of films, including ''[[The Talk of the Town (1942 film)|The Talk of the Town]]'' (a comedy about civil liberties), ''The Commandos Strike at Dawn'' (based on a [[C.S. Forester]] story about commandos in occupied Norway) and ''[[Easy Living (1949 film)|Easy Living]]'' (about a football player unable to enter the game due to a medical condition). Shaw married Marian Edwards (daughter of well-known screen actor [[Snitz Edwards]]). They had one son, Adam Shaw, born in 1950, himself a writer of magazine articles and non-fiction.
 
Shaw summered at the [[Pine Brook Country Club]], located in the countryside of [[Nichols, Connecticut]], which became the 1936 summer home of the [[Group Theatre (New York)]], whose roster included [[Elia Kazan]], [[Harold Clurman]], [[Harry Morgan]], [[John Garfield]], [[Frances Farmer]], [[Will Geer]], [[Clifford Odets]] and [[Lee J. Cobb]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pinewoodlake.org/ |title=Pinewood Lake website retrieved on 2010-09-10 |access-date=2010-09-September 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727174723/http://www.pinewoodlake.org/ |archive-date=2011-07-July 27, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Images of America, Trumbull Historical Society, 1997, p. 123</ref>
 
=== Novels and miniseries ===
''[[The Young Lions (novel)|The Young Lions]]'', Shaw's first novel, was published in [[1948 in literature|1948]]. Based on his experiences in Europe during the war, the novel was very successful and was adapted into a 1958 [[The Young Lions (film)|film]]. Shaw was not happy with the film, feeling it soft-pedaled some of the serious issues from his book, but it did well at the box office.
 
In 1950 Shaw published ''Report on Israel'', a journalistic book dealing with the situation in the state around the time of its founding with photographs by [[Robert Capa]]''.''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hauzer |first=Katarzyna |date=2013 |title=So This Is Peace? The Postwar Ventures by John Steinbeck, Irwin Shaw, and Robert Capa |journal=Ad Americam: Journal of American Studies |volume=14 |pages=51–62 |doi=10.12797/AdAmericam.14.2013.14.04 |issn=1896-9461|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Novels and Miniseries===
''[[The Young Lions]]'', Shaw's first novel, was published in [[1948 in literature|1948]]. Based on his experiences in Europe during the war, the novel was very successful and was adapted into a 1958 [[The Young Lions (film)|film]]. Shaw was not happy with the film, feeling it soft-pedaled some of the serious issues from his book, but it did well at the box office.
 
Shaw's second novel, ''[[The Troubled Air]]'', chronicling the rise of [[McCarthyism]], was published in [[1951 in literature|1951]]. He was among those who signed a petition asking the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] to review the [[John Howard Lawson]] and [[Dalton Trumbo]] convictions for [[contempt of Congress]], resulting from hearings by the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]]. Accused of being a [[communist]] by the [[Red Channels]] publication, Shaw was placed on the [[Hollywood blacklist]] by the movie studio bosses. In 1951 he left the United States and went to Europe, where he lived for 25 years, mostly in Paris and Switzerland. He later claimed that the blacklist "only glancingly bruised" his career. During the 1950s he wrote several more screenplays, including ''[[Desire Under the Elms (film)|Desire Under the Elms]]'' (based on [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s play) and ''Fire Down Below'' (about a tramp boat in the [[Caribbean]]).
 
While living in Europe, Shaw wrote more bestselling books, notably ''[[Lucy Crown]]'' ([[1956 in literature|1956]]), ''Two Weeks in Another Town'' ([[1960 in literature|1960]]), ''[[Rich Man, Poor Man (novel)|Rich Man, Poor Man]]'' ([[1970 in literature|1970]]) (for which he would later write a less successful sequel entitled ''[[Beggarman, Thief]]'') and ''Evening in Byzantium''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180504160113/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/irwin-shaw-8/evening-in-byzantium/ EVENING INRetrieved BYZANTIUM]November Kirkus24, Review2023.</ref> (made into a [[Evening in Byzantium|1978 TV movie]]).
 
''Rich Man, Poor Man'' was adapted into a [[Rich Man, Poor Man (TV miniseries)|highly successful ABC television miniseries]] with six 2-hour episodes shown for February 1 to March 15, 1976. The series ranked third in the seasonal Nielsens and garnered twenty-three Emmy nominations. A further adaptation, which Shaw had very little to do with, ''Rich Man, Poor Man--Book II'' was aired from September 21, 1976, to March 8, 1977. This was not as successful as the first.<ref name="Rich Man, Poor Man, Museum of Broadcast Communications">[http://www.museum.tv/eotv/richmanpoo.htm RICH MAN, POOR MAN: U.S. Miniseries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202104640/http://www.museum.tv/eotv/richmanpoo.htm |date=December 2, 2014 }}, Museum of Broadcast Communications.</ref><ref>''Total Television: A Comprehensive Guide to Programming from 1948 to the Present'', Alex McNeil, Penguin Books, 1984.</ref> There was a third sequel ''Beggar Man, Thief'' in 1978, which belatedly included the Jordache's sister Gretchen who had been a prominent character in the original book.<ref name="previously unmentioned sister, Gretchen">[https://nostalgiacentral.com/television/tv-by-decade/tv-shows-1970s/rich-man-poor-man/ Rich Man, Poor Man], Nostagia Central. "A further sequel, Beggar Man, Thief (1978) introduced the Jordache’sJordaches' previously unmentioned sister, Gretchen."</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/10/04/archives/rudolph-tom-and-gretchen-rich-man-poor-man.html Rudolph, Tom and Gretchen], ''New York Times'', W. G. Rogers, Oct.October 4, 1970.</ref>
 
His novel ''The Top of the Hill'' (1979) was made into a TV movie about the Winter Olympics at Lake Placid in 1980, starring [[Wayne Rogers]], [[Adrienne Barbeau]], and [[Sonny Bono]].
 
His last two novels were ''Bread Upon the Waters'' (1981), a realist novel dealing with the socioeconomic conditions of 20th century New York,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raičević |first=Svetlana |title=Hleb povrh vode |publisher=Beogradski izdavačko-grafički zavod |year=1987 |isbn=86-13-00192-0 |pages=521–525 |language=sh |trans-title=Bread Upon the Waters |chapter=Beleška o piscu |trans-chapter=Biographical note}}</ref> and ''Acceptable Losses'' (1982).
His last two novels were ''Bread Upon the Waters'' (1981) and ''Acceptable Losses'' (1982).
 
=== Short stories ===
 
Shaw was highly regarded as a short story author, contributing to ''[[Collier's Weekly|Collier's]]'', ''Esquire'', ''[[The New Yorker]]'', ''[[Playboy]]'', ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'', and other magazines; and 63 of his best stories were collected in ''Short Stories: Five Decades'' (Delacorte, 1978), reprinted in 2000 as a 784-page University of Chicago Press paperback. Among his noted short stories are: "Sailor Off The Bremen", "The Eighty-Yard Run", and "Tip On A Dead Jockey". Three of his stories ("[[The Girls in Their Summer Dresses]]", "The Monument", "The Man Who Married a French Wife") were dramatized for the [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] series ''[[Great Performances]]''. Telecast on June 1, 1981. This production was released on DVD in 2002 by Kultur Video.
 
=== Awards ===
In 1950, Shaw wrote a book on Israel with photos by [[Robert Capa]] named ''Report on Israel.''
 
===Awards===
During his lifetime Shaw won a number of awards, including two [[O. Henry Awards]], a [[National Institute of Arts and Letters]] grant, and three Playboy Awards.
 
==Works Major works ==
{{Main|Irwin Shaw bibliography}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
 
=== Novels ===
* ''[[The Young Lions (novel)|The Young Lions]]'' (1948)
 
* ''[[The Young Lions]]'' (1948)
* ''[[The Troubled Air]]'' (1951)
* ''[[Lucy Crown]]'' (1956)
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* ''Bread Upon the Waters'' (1981)
* ''Acceptable Losses'' (1982)
 
===Short-story collections===
 
* ''Sailor off the Bremen and other Stories'' (1939)
* ''Welcome to the City, and other Stories'' (1942)
* ''Act of Faith, and other stories'' (1946)
* ''The Girls in Their Summer Dresses''
* ''Mixed Company. Collected Short Stories'' (1950)
* ''Tip on a Dead Jockey, and other stories'' (1957)
* ''Selected Short Stories'' (1961)
* ''Love on a Dark Street, and other stories'' (1965)
* ''Retreat and other stories'' (1970)
* ''Whispers in Bedlam'' (1972)
* ''God Was Here, But He Left Early'' (1973)
* ''Short Stories: Five Decades'' (1978)
 
===Nonfiction===
* ''Report on Israel'' (1950, with [[Robert Capa]])
* ''In the Company of Dolphins'' (1964)
* ''Paris! Paris! (1976)''
{{col-2}}
 
=== Plays ===
* ''[[Bury the Dead]],'' New York, [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]], April 1936.
* ''Siege, New York,'' [[Longacre Theatre]], December 1937.
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* ''Children From Their Games,'' New York, Morosco Theatre, April 1963.
* ''A Choice of Wars, Glasgow,'' Scotland, Glasgow Citizens Theatre, 1967.
 
===Screenplays===
* ''[[The Big Game (1936 film)|The Big Game]]'', RKO, 1936.
* ''[[Commandos Strike at Dawn]]'', Columbia, 1942.
* ''[[The Hard Way (1943 film)|The Hard Way]]'', Warner Bros., 1942.
* ''[[The Talk of the Town (1942 film)|The Talk of the Town]]'', RKO, 1942.
* ''[[Take One False Step]]'', Universal, 1949.
* ''[[Easy Living (1949 film)|Easy Living]]'', RKO, 1949.
* ''[[I Want You (1951 film)|I Want You]]'', RKO, 1951.
* ''[[Act of Love (1953 film)|Act of Love]]'', United Artists, 1953.
* ''[[Ulysses (1954 film)|Ulysses]]'', Paramount, 1954.
* ''[[Fire Down Below (1957 film)|Fire Down Below]]'', Columbia, 1957.
* ''[[Desire Under the Elms (film)|Desire Under the Elms]]'', Paramount, 1958.
* ''[[This Angry Age]]'', Columbia, 1958.
* ''[[The Big Gamble (1961 film)|The Big Gamble]]'', Fox, 1961.
* ''[[In the French Style]]'', Columbia, 1963.
* ''Survival'', United Film, 1968.
{{col-end}}
 
==Further readingReferences ==
{{reflist}}
* [[Michael Shnayerson]]. ''Irwin Shaw, A Biography.'' G. P. Putnam's Sons: 1989. illustrated. {{ISBN|0-399-13443-3}}
*{{cite web|author=Vince Keenan |url=http://blog.vincekeenan.com/2012/01/book-nightwork-by-irwin-shaw-1975.html |title=Book Review: Nightwork, by Irwin Shaw (1975) |publisher=Blog.vincekeenan.com |date=2012-01-09 |access-date=2013-12-11}}
* Irwin Shaw, "The Girls in Their Summer Dresses." [http://www.classicshorts.com/stories/dresses.html The Girls in Their Summer Dresses--Irwin Shaw (1913-1984)]
 
== Further reading ==
==References==
* [[Michael Shnayerson]]. ''Irwin Shaw, A Biography.'' G. P. Putnam's Sons: 1989. illustrated. {{ISBN|0-399-13443-3}}
{{reflist}}
*{{cite web|author=Vince Keenan |url=http://blog.vincekeenan.com/2012/01/book-nightwork-by-irwin-shaw-1975.html |title=Book Review: Nightwork, by Irwin Shaw (1975) |publisher=Blog.vincekeenan.com |date=January 9, 2012 |access-date=December 11, 2013}}
* Irwin Shaw, "The Girls in Their Summer Dresses." [https://www.libraryofshortstories.com/onlinereader/the-girls-in-their-summer-dresses The Girls in Their Summer Dresses--Irwin Shaw (1913–1984)]
 
== External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100614062818/http://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/archives/findaid/shaw/ Brooklyn College Archives]
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[[Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
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[[Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
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[[Category:American male screenwriters]]
[[Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent]]
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[[Category:Deaths from cancer in Switzerland]]
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[[Category:O. Henry Award winners]]
[[Category:AmericanPlays warby correspondentsIrwin Shaw| Irwin Shaw]]
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