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*{{cite journal |last1=Lepland |first1=Aivo |last2=van Zuilen |first2=Mark A. |last3=Arrhenius |first3=Gustaf |last4=Whitehouse |first4=Martin J. |last5=Fedo |first5=Christopher M. |display-authors=3 |date=January 2005 |title=Questioning the evidence for Earth's earliest life—Akilia revisited |journal=[[Geology (journal)|Geology]] |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=77–79 |bibcode=2005Geo....33...77L |doi=10.1130/G20890.1 |issn=0091-7613}}</ref> While this does not prove that the structures found had a non-biological origin, they cannot be taken as clear evidence for the presence of life. Geochemical signatures from rocks deposited 3.4 Ga have been interpreted as evidence for life,<ref name="BrasierMcLoughlinEtAl2006">{{cite journal |last1=Brasier |first1=Martin |author1-link=Martin Brasier |last2=McLoughlin |first2=Nicola |last3=Green |first3=Owen |last4=Wacey |first4=David |display-authors=3 |date=June 2006 |title=A fresh look at the fossil evidence for early Archaean cellular life |url=http://physwww.mcmaster.ca/~higgsp/3D03/BrasierArchaeanFossils.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B]] |volume=361 |issue=1470 |pages=887–902 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2006.1835 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=1578727 |pmid=16754605 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070730080705/http://physwww.mcmaster.ca/~higgsp/3D03/BrasierArchaeanFossils.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-30 |access-date=2008-08-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Schopf |first=J. William |author-link=J. William Schopf |date=June 29, 2006 |title=Fossil evidence of Archaean life |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B]] |volume=361 |issue=1470 |pages=869–885 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2006.1834 |issn=0962-8436 |pmid=16754604 |pmc=1578735}}</ref> although these statements have not been thoroughly examined by critics.
Evidence for fossilized microorganisms considered to be 3.77 billion to 4.28 billion years old was found in the [[Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt]] in Quebec, Canada,<ref name="NAT-20170301">{{cite journal |last1=Dodd |first1=Matthew S. |last2=Papineau |first2=Dominic |last3=Grenne |first3=Tor |last4=Slack |first4=John F. |last5=Rittner |first5=Martin |last6=Pirajno |first6=Franco |last7=O'Neil |first7=Jonathan |last8=Little |first8=Crispin T. S. |display-authors=3 |date=March 2, 2017 |title=Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates |url=https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112179/1/ppnature21377_Dodd_for%20Symplectic.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=543 |issue=7643 |pages=60–64 |bibcode=2017Natur.543...60D |doi=10.1038/nature21377 |s2cid=2420384 |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=28252057 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213131959/https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112179/1/ppnature21377_Dodd_for%20Symplectic.pdf |archive-date=2020-02-13 |access-date=2020-02-18 |doi-access=free}}</ref> although the evidence is disputed as inconclusive.<ref>{{cite news |last=Drake |first=Nadia |author-link=Nadia Drake |date=March 1, 2017 |title=This May Be the Oldest Known Sign of Life on Earth |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/03/oldest-life-earth-iron-fossils-canada-vents-science/ |url-status=
== Origins of life on Earth ==
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