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== Types of typesetting ==
Two different approaches to mechanising typesetting were independently developed in the late 19th century. One, known as the [[Monotype System|Monotype composition caster]] system, produced texts with the aid of perforated paper-ribbons, all characters are cast separate. These machines could produce texts also in "large-composition" up to 24 [[Point (typography)|point]].
The Super-caster, another machine produced by Monotype, was similar in function to the Thompson, Bath, pivotal and others casters but designed to produce single type (including even larger sizes) for hand setting.
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Towards the end of its life as a common [[backshop]] type setter, the Ludlow was often joined by the "Super Surfacer" a specially designed surface plane that would smooth the surface of the freshly cast type and ensure it was exactly type high. A Ludlow slug was just the letters overhanging a central spine about 12 points wide (T shaped viewed from the end). It needed to be bolstered by Elrod slugs on either side for support. The number of slugs above and below the central spine could adjust the white space above and below the type making it a very flexible system for large type.
The Elrod was a machine used to cast rules and spacing material (leading) of a specific width: 1,1½, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, or
All these line-casting machines used various alloys near the [[eutectic]] point and which typically consisted of approximately 4% tin and 12% antimony and the balance being lead. These alloys were proportioned such that the type metal would solidify as rapidly as possible at the lowest possible freezing point.
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