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{{Short description|Polish priest and Biblical scholar (1922–2006)}}
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[[File:DSS Harding-de Vaux-Milik (cropped - Józef Milik).jpg|thumb|DSS Harding-de Vaux-Milik (cropped - Józef Milik).jpg]]
'''Józef Tadeusz Milik''' (Seroczyn, [[Poland]], March 24, 1922 – [[Paris]], January 6, 2006) was a Polish [[biblical scholar]] and a Catholic priest. Besides his native [[Polish language|Polish]], he was fluent in, [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], and [[English language|English]] plus many ancient languages Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Aramaic, Syriac, Old Church Slavonic, Arabic, Georgian, Ugaritic, Akkadian, Sumerian, Egyptian, and Hittite. Milik published more texts of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] (DSS) than any other original team member.
▲{{nomore footnotes needed|date=January 2013}}
 
'''Józef Tadeusz Milik''' (Seroczyn, [[Poland]], 24 March 1922 – [[Paris]], 6 January 2006) was a Polish [[biblical scholar]] and a Catholic priest, researcher of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] (DSS) through the deserts of Judea/Jordan, and translator and editor of the [[Book of Enoch]] in Aramaic (fragments).<ref>Martinez/Tigchelaar (1999). [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7xcvitgyGmgU0sxOVV3SXVBZTQ/view?usp=sharing The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition]</ref>
 
He was fluent in [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], and [[English language|English]] besides his native [[Polish language|Polish]], plus many ancient and dead languages including [[Hebrew]], [[Ancient Greek|Greek]], [[Latin]], [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], [[Syriac language|Syriac]], [[Old Church Slavonic]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Ugaritic language|Ugaritic]], [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]], [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]], and [[Hittite language|Hittite]].
 
==Biography==
He was born into a peasant family in a small village in central [[Poland]]. His father, despite being a farmer, was interested in science, educated himself and gatherdgathered a rich library. He influenced his son, who finished athe gymnasium in [[Siedlce]] and later entered the theological college in [[Płock]] in 1939. When the college was closed by Germans after they invaded Poland, he moved to Warsaw. After the [[World War II]], he was studyingstudied at [[Catholic University of Lublin]] and in 1946 was ordained a priest.
 
Józef Milik deciphered hundreds of the texts of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] as a member of the publication team. He started translating and publishing them in the early 1950s while a student at the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/dead-sea-scrolls/cast-of-characters/ | title=Cast of Characters| date=2012-04-16}}</ref>
 
Then he joined the [[Roland de Vaux]]’s team and helped to discover Cave 3, excavated and unearthed hundreds of fragments from Cave 4, and took part in the discovery and excavations of Caves 5 and 6. He would later becomebecame one of the most essential participants of the translation and publication team.
 
==Milestones==
* '''1944''' Entered [[Catholic University of Lublin]] to study [[Biblical Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Latin]], [[Aramaic]], [[Syriac language|Syriac]], &and [[Old Church Slavonic]]
* '''1946''' Ordained as a [[Catholic]] priest in [[Warsaw]]
* '''Late-1940s''' Attended [[Pontifical Oriental Institute]] and [[Pontifical Biblical Institute]] to study [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Ugaritic language|Ugaritic]], [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]], [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]], and [[Hittite language|Hittite]]
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* '''1956''' Heralded by [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]] as "the fastest man with a fragment"
* '''1959''' Published ''Ten Years of Discovery in the Wilderness of Judaea'' describing the Dead Sea Scrolls discovery (revision and translation of the 1957 book "Dix ans de découvertes dans le Désert de Juda")
* '''1969''' Leaves the priesthood and marries Polish art historian Jolanta Zaluska in [[Rome]]. Moves to [[Paris]]
* '''1976''' Published ''The Books of Enoch''
 
After moving to Paris, Milik worked as a researcher for the [[Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique]] until his retirement in 1987.
 
==Bibliography==
* Milik (1957). [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7xcvitgyGmgY3ZCSG5QRjQ3UUU/view Dix ans de découverte dans le désert de Juda] | Discoveries in the Judean Desert
* Milik (1972). ''Milki-sedeq et Milki-resa dans les anciens écrits juifs et chrétiens''.
* Milik (1976). [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7xcvitgyGmgOTdEZ2RzMGthcE0/view?usp=sharing The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments Qumran Cave 4] with the collaboration of Black M.<ref>The Enoch Scroll from Qumran Library Cave 4 has provided parts in Aramaic among the Dead Sea Scrolls discovery between 1947 and 1956. Table of Contents: Aramaic Book of Enoch; Astronomical Book; Book of Watchers; Book of Dreams; Book of Giants; Enochic Writings.</ref>
* Milik (1978). ''Écrits préesséniens de Qumran : d’Hénoch à Amram''.
* Martinez/Tigchelaar (1999). The Dead Sea Scrolls Edition [''Hénoc au pays des aromates'' pp.&nbsp;413, 425, 430]; Caves 1 to 11 & more, with Aramaic frag. and English translation.
* Puech Emile (2000). “Milik, Jozef T.” in ''Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls'' edited by Lawrence Schiffman and James VanderKam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, I:552–554.
*Robert Feather and Zdzislaw J. Kapera (2011). ''Jozef Milik, Doyen of The Dead Sea Scrolls'', The Enigma Press, Krakow - Mogilany.
 
==References==
{{reflist}}▼
* [http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article341010.ece The Independent's obituary]▼
 
* {{cite journal | author=Shanks, Hershel | year=2006 | title=Milestones: Jozef Milik (1922-2006) | journal=[[Biblical Archaeology Review]] | volume=32:3 | issue=May/June | pages=18}}▼
==External links==
▲* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060625225400/http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article341010.ece The Independent's obituary]
▲* {{cite journal | author=Shanks, Hershel | year=2006 | title=Milestones: Jozef Milik (1922-20061922–2006) | journal=[[Biblical Archaeology Review]] | volume=32:3 | issue=May/June | pages=18}}
* [http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/dead-sea-scrolls/cast-of-characters/ The Prodigious Priest: Jozef T. Milik]
 
▲{{reflist}}
{{Dead Sea Scrolls}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Milik, Jozef
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Polish priest and Biblical scholar
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 24, 1922
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = January 6, 2006
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Milik, Jozef}}
[[Category:Dead Sea scrollsScrolls]]
[[Category:BiblicalRoman Catholic biblical scholars]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical Oriental Institute alumni]]
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[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Polish biblical scholars]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Józef_Milik"