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Wjbfarrell (talk | contribs) Added more information about Melville's family and early life, and his and his brother's service in the Resistance and Free French Army |
Wjbfarrell (talk | contribs) Added information and reference about the burning of Melville's studio. |
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In 1942, both Jean-Pierre and Jacques crossed the Pyrenees and headed for neutral Spain where they would then try to reach Britain and the Free French Army. They crossed separately several weeks apart. Jacques was carrying money intended for de Gaulle; he shot dead and robbed by his guide. Jean-Pierre did not find out that his brother had been killed until the war ended.<ref name=":0" /> Grumbach served in the Free French Army for two years, mainly in the artillery. He unit were sent to Italy and Grumbach fought at the [[Battle of Monte Cassino|Battle of Monte Casino]].<ref name=":0" />
When he returned from the war, he applied for a license to become an assistant director but was refused. Without this support, he decided to direct his films by his own means, and continued to use Melville as his stage name. He became an independent filmmaker and owned his own studio, rue Jenner, in [[13th arrondissement of Paris|Paris 13ème]].<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/1042590%7C0/TCM-Imports-for-November.html Silence of the Sea-TCM.com]</ref> On 29 June 1967, the studio and Melville's apartment burnt down. His personal archive of photographs and scripts was destroyed.<ref name=":0" />
He became well known for his minimalist [[film noir]], such as ''[[Le Doulos]]'' (1962), ''[[Le Samouraï]]'' (1967) and ''[[Le Cercle rouge]]'' (1970), starring major actors such as [[Alain Delon]] (probably the definitive "Melvillian" actor), [[Jean-Paul Belmondo]] and [[Lino Ventura]]. Influenced by American cinema, especially gangster films of the 1930s and 1940s,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cinephiliabeyond.org/jean-pierre-melville-life-and-work-of-a-groundbreaking-filmmaking-poet/|title=Jean-Pierre Melville: Life and Work of a Groundbreaking Filmmaking Poet • Cinephilia & Beyond|date=11 April 2017|work=Cinephilia & Beyond|access-date=18 June 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> he used accessories such as weapons, clothes (trench coats), and fedora hats, to shape a characteristic look in his movies.
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