John Paul Jones: Difference between revisions

{{Infobox military person

| name = John Paul Jones

| image = John Paul Jones by Charles Wilson Peale, c1781.jpg

| caption = John Paul Jones depicted in a 1781 portrait by [[Charles Willson Peale]]

| birth_name = John Paul

| birth_date = {{birth date|1747|07|06|mf=yes}}

| birth_place = [[Arbigland]], [[Kirkcudbrightshire]], [[Scotland]], [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]

| serviceyears = 1760–1788

| rank = {{nowrap|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]] (Merchant Navy)<br />[[Captain (United States O-6)|Captain]] (Continental Navy)}}<br />[[Knight|Chevalier]]<br />{{nowrap|[[Rear Admiral]] (Imperial Russian Navy)}}

| battles = {{tree list}}

* [[American Revolutionary War]]

{{tree list/end}}

| awards = [[Order of Military Merit (France)|Institution du Mérite Militaire]]<br />[[Congressional Gold Medal]]<br />[[Order of Saint Anna]]

| signature = John Paul Jones Signature.svg

}}

 

On June 8, 1788, Jones was awarded the [[Order of Saint Anna]], but he left the following month, an embittered man. In 1789, Jones arrived in [[Warsaw]], [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]], where he befriended [[Tadeusz Kościuszko]], a veteran of the American Revolutionary War. Kościuszko advised him to leave the service of the autocratic Russia<!-- Russia's autocracy is irrelevant to this paragraph and serves only to put a positive slant on Jones's struggle to find employment in Russia. --> and serve another power, suggesting [[Gustavian era|Sweden]]. Despite Kościuszko's backing, the [[Swedes]], while somewhat interested, in the end decided not to recruit Jones.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kosciuszko Ksiaze chlopow|author=Alex Storozynski|publisher=W.A.B.|pages=189–191|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvanuAAACAAJ|year=2011|access-date=2 January 2013|isbn=978-83-7414-930-3}}</ref> Catherine, who retained a personal enmity for Jones, had blocked his appointment to not just the Swedish navy, but the Danish navy also.<ref name=":1" />

 

==Rape of Katerina Stepanova==