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Line 1: {{Short description\|Son of Eber in the bible}} {{Redirect\|Obal\|the urban-type settlement in Belarus\|Obal (urban-type settlement)}} '''Joktan''' (also written as '''Yoktan'''; {{Hebrew Name\|יָקְטָן\|Yŏqtan\|Yāqṭān}}; {{lang-ar\|يقطان\|translit=Yaqṭān}}) was the second of the two sons of [[Eber]] ([[Book of Genesis]] 10:25; [[1 Chronicles]] 1:19) mentioned in the [[Hebrew Bible]]. He descends from [[Shem]], son of [[Noah]]. In the [[Book of Genesis]] 10:25 it reads: "And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was [[Peleg]]; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan." Joktan's sons in the order provided in {{bibleref\|Genesis\|10:26-29}}, were [[Almodad]], [[Sheleph]], [[Hazarmaveth]], [[Jerah]], [[Hadoram]], [[Uzal]], [[Diklah]], Obal, [[Abimael]], [[Sheba (king)\|Sheba]], [[Ophir]], [[Havilah]], and [[Jobab]]. In [[Pseudo-Philo]]'s account (ca. 70), Joktan was first made prince over the children of [[Shem]], just as [[Nimrod (king)\|Nimrod]] and Phenech were princes over the children of [[Ham, son of Noah\|Ham]] and [[Japheth]], respectively. In his version, the three princes command all persons to bake bricks for the [[Tower of Babel]]; however, twelve, including several of Joktan's own sons, as well as Abraham and Lot, refuse the orders. Joktan smuggles them out of [[Shinar]] and into the mountains, to the annoyance of the other two princes.<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/bap/bap21.htm Pseudo-Philo]</ref> == South Arabian ~~Narrative~~narrative == [[File:Dhamar Ali Yahbur II(bust).jpg\|alt=\|thumb\|Statue of a South Arabian king. According to Arab genealogy, South Arabians descend from Qahtan who is identified with Joktan.]]There is an Arab tradition that Joktan was the progenitor of all the purest tribes of Southern Arabia.<ref>{{Citation \|last=Easton \|first=Matthew George \|title=Joktan \|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Easton's_Bible_Dictionary_(1897)/Joktan \|work=Easton's Bible Dictionary \|access-date=2022-03-11}}</ref> Joktan has been identified with Qahtān (Arabic: قحطان), the ancestral figure of [[Qahtanite\|Qahtanites]], in traditional Arab genealogy.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=JOKTAN - JewishEncyclopedia.com \|url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8746-joktan \|access-date=2022-03-11 \|website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref> Three of Joktan's sons have connections to South Arabia. [[Sheba]] is identified as the ancient South Arabian kingdom of Saba.<ref>Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2007). David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition. Simon & Schuster. p. 171.</ref> [[Hazarmaveth]] ([[Biblical Hebrew language\|Biblical Hebrew]]: חֲצַרְמָוֶת, [[Romanization of Hebrew\|tr.]] Ḥăṣarmāweṯ; [[Arabic language\|Arabic]]: حضرموت) has been identified with the South Arabian region of [[Hadhramaut~~\|Hadramawt~~]] and according to various Bible dictionaries, the name "Hazarmaveth" means "court of death" which reflects a meaning similar to the Arabic folk etymologies of the region.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Hazarmaveth - ~~Smith’s~~Smith's Bible Dictionary - Bible Dictionary \|url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/dictionary/smiths-bible-dictionary/hazarmaveth.html \|access-date=2022-03-11 \|website=www.christianity.com}}</ref> [[Hadoram]] according to Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan is interpreted as denoting "the south" and it was a fortress to the south of Yemen's [[Sanaa\|Sana'a]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Some interpret this as denoting 'the south.' This was a fortress to the south of San'a (Kesseth HaSofer). See 1 Chronicles 18:10; Zechariah 12:11. \|url=http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=10#C186 \|access-date=2022-03-11 \|archive-date=2005-11-30 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051130022520/http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=10#C186 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mongoloid ~~Race~~race ~~Theory~~theory == [[File:The World as Peopled by the Descendants of Noah Shewing the Countries Possessed by Shem, Ham & Japhet and their posterity after the confusion of tongues..jpg\|thumb\|[[Robert Wilkinson (cartographer)\|Robert Wilkinson]]'s 1823 map of the descendants of Noah's sons, showing Joktan and his sons as having populated eastern Asia: [[Havilah]] is [[Tibet]], [[Sheba]] is [[Deccan Plateau\|Deccan]], [[List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K\|Jobab]] is [[Mongolia]], Obal is [[China]], [[List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K\|Abimael]] is [[Mainland Southeast Asia\|Indochina]], [[List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K\|Diklah]] is [[Japan]], and [[Ophir]] is [[Indonesia]], particularly the [[Maluku Islands]].\|left\|227x227px]]~~Obsolete theories~~Theories (based on a literal reading of {{bibleref\|Genesis\|10:30}}, which states that Joktan's descendants migrated eastward) suggested that Joktan is the progenitor of the [[Mongoloid race]], including [[east Asians]] and the [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]], with the [[Yucatan ~~peninsula~~Peninsula]] supposedly being named after Joktan.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=turn&entity=History.McIntosh.p0040&id=History.McIntosh&isize=text\|title=History: The origin of the North American Indians with a faithful description of their manners and customs, both civil and military, their religions, languages, dress, and ornaments: To which is prefixed a brief view of the creation of the world ... Concluding with a copious selection of Indian speeches, the antiquities of America, the civilization of the Mexicans, and some final observations on the origin of the Indians: Introduction}}</ref><ref name="montano">{{cite journal\|last1=Shalev\|first1=Zur\|title=Sacred Geography, Antiquarianism and Visual Erudition: Benito Arias Montano and the Maps in the Antwerp Polyglot Bible\|journal=Imago Mundi\|date=2003\|volume=55\|page=71\|doi=10.1080/0308569032000097495\|s2cid=51804916\|url=http://research.haifa.ac.il/~zshalev/Articles/IMundi-2003-Montano.pdf\|access-date=2017-01-17\|archive-date=2021-02-25\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225102322/http://research.haifa.ac.il/~zshalev/Articles/IMundi-2003-Montano.pdf\|url-status=dead}}</ref> One early proponent of this theory was the theologian [[Benito Arias Montano]], who proposed a link between the names of [[Ophir]], Joktan's son, and [[Peru]].<ref name="montano"/> ==See also== * Not to be confused with [[Jokshan]]