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Joseph Smith taught that the two rolls were literally written by the Ancient Patriarchs Abraham and Joseph.<ref>Marquardt, H. Michael "Joseph Smith's Egyptian Papers: A History" published in Ritner, Robert Kriech. The Joseph Smith Egyptian Papyri: a Complete Edition ; P. JS 1-4 and the Hypocephalus of Sheshonq. The Smith Pettit Foundation, 2013. page 60</ref><ref>Visitor William Appleby noted that Joseph had better penmanship than Abraham [[Eyewitness accounts associated with the Joseph Smith Papyri#Eyewitness Accounts in the Nauvoo Era 1839–1844]]</ref><ref>Visitor [[Josiah Quincy Jr.]] was told by Smith, "That is the handwriting of Abraham, the Father of the Faithful" Josiah Quincy, Figures of the Past from the Leaves of Old Journals, 386-387</ref> Independent sources have him pointing to places on the papyri and identifying various hieroglyphics as the signature of Abraham.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="dialoguejournal.com"/>
The accounts from eyewitnesses consistently maintain that Smith presented the mummies as those of a Pharaoh and his royal household.<ref>Brown, S. M. (2012). In Heaven as it is on Earth: Joseph Smith and the early Mormon conquest of death. New York: [[Oxford University Press]]. page 85</ref><ref>Peterson, H. Donl. The Story of the Book of Abraham: Mummies, Manuscripts, and Mormonism. CFI, 2008. pg 189</ref> Most commonly, Smith and his mother Lucy Mack Smith referred to them as Pharaoh Onitas, his wife, and their two daughters, one of whom was named Katumin. They claimed these names were obtained through revelation.<ref>see: [[Kirtland Egyptian papers#Notebooks of Copied Egyptian Characters]]</ref><ref>Wolfe, S. J., & Singerman, R. (2009). Mummies in nineteenth century America: Ancient Egyptians as artifacts. Jefferson, NC: McFarland &. page 117</ref> Mack Smith would sometimes refer to
Based on where they were found, and the writings found on them, the mummies are not believed to have been Pharoahs, but priests and nobles from the Ptolemaic era of Egypt (323–30 BCE). No known Pharaohs or their family members have names that resemble "Onitus" or "Katumin."<ref name="Wolfe, S. J. 2009 page 120">Wolfe, S. J., & Singerman, R. (2009). Mummies in nineteenth century America: Ancient Egyptians as artifacts. Jefferson, NC: McFarland &. page 120</ref> A [[Necho II|Pharaoh Necho]] is known to have existed; however, he was buried in Sais, near the Nile Delta, far from where the mummies were excavated.<ref name="Wolfe, S. J. 2009 page 120"/>
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